251 research outputs found
Estimation of the ratio of the pn -> pn pi0 pi0/pn -> d pi0 pi0 cross sections
Evidence has recently been presented for the existence of a dibaryon of mass
2380 MeV/c^2 and width 70 MeV/c^2, which decays strongly into the d pi0 pi0
channel [M. Bashkanov et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 102 (2009) 052301; P. Adlarson et
al., arXiv:1104.0123]. The decay rate of such a hypothesised dibaryon into the
{pn}_{I=0} pi0 pi0 channel is estimated in a weakly model-dependent way by
using final state interaction theory. It is shown that, if the resonance
exists, it should then show up as strongly in this channel as in d pi0 pi0. The
sum of the two decay modes would saturate most of the inelasticity predicted in
the relevant partial waves in the 2380 MeV/c^2 region.Comment: Four pages plus three postscript figure
The ABC Effect in Double-Pionic Nuclear Fusion and a pn Resonance as its Possible Origin
The ABC effect -- a long-standing puzzle in double-pionic fusion -- has been
reexamined by the first exclusive and kinematically complete measurements of
solid statistics for the fusion reactions , He and He using the WASA detector, first at
CELSIUS and recently at COSY -- the latter with a statistics increased by
another two orders of magnitude. In all cases we observe a huge low-mass
enhancement in the -invariant mass accompanied by a pronounced
excitation. For the most basic fusion reaction, the reaction, we observe in addition a very pronounced resonance-like
energy dependence in the total cross section with a maximum 90 MeV below the
mass and a width of only 50 MeV, which is five times smaller
than expected from a conventional -channel excitation. This
reveals the ABC effect to be the consequence of a s-channel resonance with the
formfactor of this dibaryonic state being reflected in the low-mass enhancement
of the -invariant mass. From the fusion reactions to He and He
we learn that this resonance is robust enough to survive even in nuclei.Comment: conference proceedings PANIC 0
Inclusive 2H(3He,t) reaction at 2 GeV
The inclusive 2H(3He,t) reaction has been studied at 2 GeV for energy
transfers up to 500 MeV and scattering angles from 0.25 up to 4 degrees. Data
are well reproduced by a model based on a coupled-channel approach for
describing the NN and N Delta systems. The effect of final state interaction is
important in the low energy part of the spectra. In the delta region, the
cross-section is very sensitive to the effects of Delta-N interaction and Delta
N - NN process. The latter has also a large influence well below the pion
threshold. The calculation underestimates the experimental cross-section
between the quasi-elastic and the delta peaks; this is possibly due to
projectile excitation or purely mesonic exchange currents.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in EPJ
Genetically altered AMPA-type glutamate receptor kinetics in interneurons disrupt long-range synchrony of gamma oscillation
Gamma oscillations synchronized between distant neuronal populations may be critical for binding together brain regions devoted to common processing tasks. Network modeling predicts that such synchrony depends in part on the fast time course of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in interneurons, and that even moderate slowing of this time course will disrupt synchrony. We generated mice with slowed interneuron EPSPs by gene targeting, in which the gene encoding the 67-kDa form of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) was altered to drive expression of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor subunit GluR-B. GluR-B is a determinant of the relatively slow EPSPs in excitatory neurons and is normally expressed at low levels in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons, but at high levels in the GAD-GluR-B mice. In both wild-type and GAD-GluR-B mice, tetanic stimuli evoked gamma oscillations that were indistinguishable in local field potential recordings. Remarkably, however, oscillation synchrony between spatially separated sites was severely disrupted in the mutant, in association with changes in interneuron firing patterns. The congruence between mouse and model suggests that the rapid time course of AMPA receptor-mediated EPSPs in interneurons might serve to allow gamma oscillations to synchronize over distance
Exclusive Measurements of : the Effect Revisited
Exclusive measurements of the reactions and
have been carried out at GeV at the
CELSIUS storage ring using the WASA detector. The channel
evidences a pronounced enhancement at low invariant masses - as
anticipated from previous inclusive measurements of the ABC effect. This
enhancement is seen to be even much larger in the isoscalar
channel. The differential distributions prove this enhancement to be of
scalar-isoscalar nature. calculations give a good description of
the data, if a boundstate condition is imposed for the intermediate
system.Comment: extended version, 8 pages, 7 figures, theoretical model calculations
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Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation : a systematic map
Background: Herbivores modify the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. Understanding their impacts is necessary to assess the responses of these ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes. However, the effects of herbivores on plants and ecosystem structure and function vary across the Arctic. Strong spatial variation in herbivore effects implies that the results of individual studies on herbivory depend on local conditions, i.e., their ecological context. An important first step in assessing whether generalizable conclusions can be produced is to identify the existing studies and assess how well they cover the underlying environmental conditions across the Arctic. This systematic map aims to identify the ecological contexts in which herbivore impacts on vegetation have been studied in the Arctic. Specifically, the primary question of the systematic map was: "What evidence exists on the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation?". Methods: We used a published systematic map protocol to identify studies addressing the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation. We conducted searches for relevant literature in online databases, search engines and specialist websites. Literature was screened to identify eligible studies, defined as reporting primary data on herbivore impacts on Arctic plants and plant communities. We extracted information on variables that describe the ecological context of the studies, from the studies themselves and from geospatial data. We synthesized the findings narratively and created a Shiny App where the coded data are searchable and variables can be visually explored. Review findings We identified 309 relevant articles with 662 studies (representing different ecological contexts or datasets within the same article). These studies addressed vertebrate herbivory seven times more often than invertebrate herbivory. Geographically, the largest cluster of studies was in Northern Fennoscandia. Warmer and wetter parts of the Arctic had the largest representation, as did coastal areas and areas where the increase in temperature has been moderate. In contrast, studies spanned the full range of ecological context variables describing Arctic vertebrate herbivore diversity and human population density and impact. Conclusions: The current evidence base might not be sufficient to understand the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation throughout the region, as we identified clear biases in the distribution of herbivore studies in the Arctic and a limited evidence base on invertebrate herbivory. In particular, the overrepresentation of studies in areas with moderate increases in temperature prevents robust generalizations about the effects of herbivores under different climatic scenarios.Peer reviewe
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