The origin of green icebergs in Antarctica

A comparison of samples from a translucent green iceberg with a core from the Ronne Ice Shelf revealed an excellent agreement in isotopic composition, crystal structure, and incorporated sediment particles. Marine shelf ice which constitutes the basal portion of some ice shelves is considered to be the source of green icebergs. It most likely results from "ice pump" processes which produce large amounts of ice platelets in the water column beneath ice shelves. These subsequently accumulate and become compacted into bubble-free, desalinated ice. Iceberg and drift-buoy trajectories indicate that green icebergs observed in the Weddell Sea originate from the Amery Ice Shelf rather than from the Ronne Ice Shelf, although the latter ice shelf is also a potential source

Dielectrophoresis of nanocolloids: a molecular dynamics study

Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the motion of polarizable particles in non-uniform electric fields, has become an important tool for the transport, separation, and characterization of microparticles in biomedical and nanoelectronics research. In this article we present, to our knowledge, the first molecular dynamics simulations of DEP of nanometer-sized colloidal particles. We introduce a simplified model for polarizable nanoparticles, consisting of a large charged macroion and oppositely charged microions, in an explicit solvent. The model is then used to study DEP motion of the particle at different combinations of temperature and electric field strength. In accord with linear response theory, the particle drift velocities are shown to be proportional to the DEP force. Analysis of the colloid DEP mobility shows a clear time dependence, demonstrating the variation of friction under non-equilibrium. The time dependence of the mobility further results in an apparent weak variation of the DEP displacements with temperature

What’s sex got to do with it? A family-based investigation of growing up heterosexual during the twentieth century

This paper explores findings from a cross-generational study of the making of heterosexual relationships in East Yorkshire, which has interviewed women and men within extended families. Using a feminist perspective, it examines the relationship between heterosexuality and adulthood, focussing on sexual attraction, courtship, first kisses, first love and first sex, as mediated within family relationships, and at different historical moments. In this way, the contemporary experiences of young people growing up are compared and contrasted with those of mid-lifers and older adults who formed heterosexual relationships within the context of the changing social and sexual mores of the 1960s/1970s, and the upheavals of World War Two

The Passive-Active Interaction (PAI) Model: Redefining Audio Interactions in Video Game Music

Scholarship on music in video games has focused on the player in two main ways: the psychological effect music has on the player and the physical, kinesthetic relationship between the player’s inputs and the game’s music. This dissertation builds on this work by exploring gameplay moments in which the music informs the player’s inputs through rhythms, tempo, harmonic relationships, and changes in the musical texture. Using “analytical play” (Summers 2016), rhythmic analysis, looping analysis, and harmonic observations, alongside a variety of different video games, consoles and genres, I have developed an analytical Passive-Active Interaction (PAI) Model that is applicable to player-music interactions in most video games. The model demonstrates that the player and the music share a bidirectional relationship based on the player’s physical movements that is distinct from the unidirectional psychological relationship music has on the player. To develop this PAI Model, I begin with an overview of relevant literature as well as discussions concerning audio game development software, the identity of the video game player, and the scope and methods to video game analysis in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, I define and describe the aspects of the PAI Model. I then analyze supportive player-music active interactions in Chapter 3 and disruptive player-music active interactions in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, I focus on both supportive and disruptive passive player-music interactions. I conclude in Chapter 6 with a return to questions from Chapter 2 and an analysis of Tetris Effect: Connected before closing with a brief discussion on the further applications of the model. For ludomusicology, this dissertation will bring attention to the subtle and precise gameplay moments where the player’s physical inputs interact with the sound and music from the game and redefine the agency the player has over music. For analysis, this study will introduce new analytical approaches, such as the study of rhythm in stereo audio and the formal looping structures of video game music. Broadly, the PAI Model will continue discussions on the ways music can interact with people and the ways people can play with music

Weddell Sea iceberg drift: Five years of observations

Since 1999, 52 icebergs have been tagged with GPS buoys in the Weddell Seato enable monitoring of their position. The chosen icebergs were of small tomedium size, with a few icebergs larger than 10 km associatedwith the calving of icebergs A38 and A43 from the Ronne Ice Shelf.The majority of icebergs were tagged off Neumayer Station (8E, 70S).It was found that smaller bergs with edges shorter than 200 m had the shortestlife cycle (< 0.5 yr). Iceberg and thus freshwater export out of theWeddell Sea was found to be highly variable. In one year the majority of buoysdeployed remained in the Weddell Sea, constituting about 40 % of the NCEP P-Efreshwater input, whereas in other years all of the tagged icebergs were exported.The observed drifts of icebergs and sea-ice showed a remarkably coherent motion.The analysis of an iceberg - sea-ice buoy array in the western Weddell Seaand an iceberg array in the eastern Weddell Sea showed a coherent sea-iceiceberg drift in sea-ice concentrations above 86 %. Dynamic kinematic parameter(DKP) during the course of coherent movement were low and deviations from the meancourse associated with the passage of low-pressure system. The length scale ofcoherent movement was estimated to be less than 250km; about half the value found forthe Arctic Ocean

China in Africa: A Critical Examination of Its Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding Activities

The objective of this analysis is to examine and critically assess the peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts of China in Africa generally. In other words, what level of support does China provide to African peacekeeping efforts? What is China\u27s rationale for engaging in peacekeeping and peacebuilding in SSA? What is the nature of its activities in those areas? What does it emphasize in its peacebuilding and peacekeeping activities

Acute kidney injury secondary to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in a pediatric patient

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children. It follows a Group-A Streptococcal skin or throat infection characterized by complement activation and immune complex deposition, leading to glomerular inflammation and impaired renal function. While PSGN typically presents with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema, cases with atypical presentations and no recent history of Strep infection, can delay diagnosis (Dhakal et al., 2023). We report the case of a 16-year-old female with AKI and acute gastroenteritis with no history of sick contacts. Specifically, she presented with a 2-day history of weakness, nausea, vomiting, and 8 hours of anuria. Viral swabs were positive for Enterovirus/Rhinovirus and negative for Group-A Streptococcus. Initial urinalysis (UA) revealed elevated WBC, and RBC, as well as muddy brown casts consistent with Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN). Subsequent serologic testing revealed elevated anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titers, confirming a preceding streptococcal infection. A diagnosis of PSGN was established, with AKI attributed to immune-mediated glomerular injury. The patient was treated with supportive care, and antibiotics and referred to nephrology for follow-up. This case highlights the variable presentations of PSGN and emphasizes the importance of considering post-infectious glomerulonephritis in pediatric patients with AKI. Prompt recognition and supportive management are crucial for optimizing renal recovery and preventing long-term sequelae

Identification of a Rare Coding Variant in Complement 3 Associated with Age-related Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is a common cause of blindness in the elderly. To identify rare coding variants associated with a large increase in risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), we sequenced 2,335 cases and 789 controls in 10 candidate loci (57 genes). To increase power, we augmented our control set with ancestry-matched exome sequenced controls. An analysis of coding variation in 2,268 AMD cases and 2,268 ancestry matched controls revealed two large-effect rare variants; previously described R1210C in the CFH gene (fcase = 0.51%, fcontrol = 0.02%, OR = 23.11), and newly identified K155Q in the C3 gene (fcase = 1.06%, fcontrol = 0.39%, OR = 2.68). The variants suggest decreased inhibition of C3 by Factor H, resulting in increased activation of the alternative complement pathway, as a key component of disease biology

Social anxiety in pre-adolescent children: what do we know about maintenance?

The cognitive theory of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most widely accepted accounts of the maintenance of the disorder in adults, yet it remains unknown if, or to what extent, the same cognitive and behavioral maintenance mechanisms that occur in adult SAD also apply to SAD among pre-adolescent children. In contrast to the adult literature, current models of SAD in children mostly account for etiology and maintenance processes are given limited attention. Consequently, their clinical utility for the treatment of SAD in children may be limited. This narrative review, first, critically examines the different theoretical conceptualizations of the maintenance of social anxiety in the child and adult literature and illustrates how these have resulted in different treatment approaches and clinical understanding. Second, it reviews the available evidence relating to hypotheses about the maintenance of SAD in children as derived from adult cognitive and etiological models. Third, it highlights the need to attend directly to child specific maintenance mechanisms in SAD, to draw on cognitive theory, and to account for the influence of childhood-specific contextual (e.g. family and school-based interactions) and developmental factors on children's social experiences