Emergencia del paradigma de gobernabilidad en América Latina : aprendizajes de la transición y consolidación democrática para la gobernabilidad en Chile

This study searches for explanations for problems of quality and depth of democracies in Latin America in the configuration of a governance paradigm that has conditioned political models, institutional formulas, and a set of strategic public policies, that have been adopted by political leaders to resolve problems facing their governments. Given this paradigm, however, these leaders have not been capable of meeting the social and political demands of society.The study focuses on Chile which is considered to be the most successful country in Latin America in terms of governance. This dissertation explores the application of the governance paradigm in the Chilean case, and how this paradigm is applied to resolve three interrelated problems: (i) to assure the stability of the civilian democratic regime given the potential to return to authoritarianism, (ii) to confront the centrifugal tendencies of political actors, and (iii) to contain the overflowing of societal demands. The study concludes that the defining elements of the democratic transition in that country played a central role in featuring the process that created the incentives and restrictions on the governance model. The result has been a “transition via transaction” that has established the rules of the political and economic game.LEI Universiteit LeidenPolitical Culture and National Identit

Future journalists’ fight against disinformation: analysis of university training offers and challenges in the Spanish context

Disinformation has become a global problem affecting mass media, governments and citizens globally. Besides the loss of trust in the media and its weakening influence, exposure to all manner of messages on social media in recent years has paved the way for disinformation, which has become a considerable challenge for journalism. According to the 2022 Edelman Trust Barometer, Spain is one of the countries most concerned about this phenomenon (Edelman, 2022). However, is this concern shared by Spanish journalist associations? What training initiatives are being carried out for future journalists to counter the spread of disinformation? How should fact-checking be taught in university? This study aims to answer these questions by using a dual methodology. First, a review and analysis were undertaken on the different training initiatives for bachelor’s and university-specific master’s degree students. Then, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted with experts, including fact-checkers, experienced journalists and representatives of sectoral associations, to ascertain their views on fact-checking and disinformation. The main results show that Spanish universities offer few training fact-checking-related initiatives, particularly at bachelor’s degree level, although more and more university-specific degrees and master’s degrees on this topic are becoming available. Furthermore, most interviewees view specialised training for the next generation of journalists as a key factor for fighting disinformation, and they provide guidelines to achieve this

Feasibility of Vermicomposting of Spent Coffee Grounds and Silverskin from Coffee Industries: A Laboratory Study

In the coffee industry, several by-products are generated during the production and consumption of coffee and represent an important waste from an environmental viewpoint. For improving the knowledge about this issue, a laboratory vermicomposting study of coffee silverskin (CS) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) spiked with mature horse manure (HM) in different proportions and using earthworm Eisenia andrei was carried out. The 60-day study focused on biological parameters such as total biomass gain, growth rate, cocoon production, and mortality. This study also investigated whether the vermicompost obtained could be useful and lacked toxicity through a seed germination test using hybrid wheat seeds. Results showed a disparity depending on the type of residue and the mixture used. Best options were those treatments with a medium–low amount of residue; 25% for SCG and 25% or 50% for CS. In addition, lack of toxicity was confirmed in all treatments. In conclusion, it is possible to carry out a vermicomposting of SCG and CS with some specific features.This research was funded by Government of Navarre and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) grant number VERMICOMPOSTAJE 4.0—VERMIOT (0011-1365-2019-000110), research project. The APC was funded by Fundación Euskoiker

Residuos Peligrosos Biológico-Infecciosos en el área de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas

Los Residuos Biológicos Infecto Contagiosos (RPBI), son generados de actividades asistenciales a la salud, sea en humanos o animales, y que por su contenido pueden ser un riesgo para la salud o para el medio ambiente. Según la OMS estos residuos se clasifican en: Generales, patológicos, radioactivos, quími-cos, infecciosos, punzocortantes y farmacéuticos. El interés sanitario y medioambiental en los RPBI, fue a partir de los 80’s, tras la aparición del HIV-SIDA. En México, se comienza a reglamentar el manejo de los RPBI en 1998, el proyecto de ley del equilibrio ecológico y la protección al ambiente en materia de residuos peligrosos. En abril de 2003, se publica la Norma Oficial Mexicana, para el control de los RPBI. En este mismo año se publica la “Guía para el manejo de RPBI en unidades de salud”. La principal vía de eliminación de los RPBI en México, es por incineración (en un 85%), pero ello trae consecuencias a la salud y altera al medio ambiente mundial.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Residuos Peligrosos Biológico-Infecciosos en el área de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas

Los Residuos Biológicos Infecto Contagiosos (RPBI), son generados de actividades asistenciales a la salud, sea en humanos o animales, y que por su contenido pueden ser un riesgo para la salud o para el medio ambiente. Según la OMS estos residuos se clasifican en: Generales, patológicos, radioactivos, quími-cos, infecciosos, punzocortantes y farmacéuticos. El interés sanitario y medioambiental en los RPBI, fue a partir de los 80’s, tras la aparición del HIV-SIDA. En México, se comienza a reglamentar el manejo de los RPBI en 1998, el proyecto de ley del equilibrio ecológico y la protección al ambiente en materia de residuos peligrosos. En abril de 2003, se publica la Norma Oficial Mexicana, para el control de los RPBI. En este mismo año se publica la “Guía para el manejo de RPBI en unidades de salud”. La principal vía de eliminación de los RPBI en México, es por incineración (en un 85%), pero ello trae consecuencias a la salud y altera al medio ambiente mundial.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Residuos Peligrosos Biológico-Infecciosos en el área de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas

Los Residuos Biológicos Infecto Contagiosos (RPBI), son generados de actividades asistenciales a la salud, sea en humanos o animales, y que por su contenido pueden ser un riesgo para la salud o para el medio ambiente. Según la OMS estos residuos se clasifican en: Generales, patológicos, radioactivos, quími-cos, infecciosos, punzocortantes y farmacéuticos. El interés sanitario y medioambiental en los RPBI, fue a partir de los 80’s, tras la aparición del HIV-SIDA. En México, se comienza a reglamentar el manejo de los RPBI en 1998, el proyecto de ley del equilibrio ecológico y la protección al ambiente en materia de residuos peligrosos. En abril de 2003, se publica la Norma Oficial Mexicana, para el control de los RPBI. En este mismo año se publica la “Guía para el manejo de RPBI en unidades de salud”. La principal vía de eliminación de los RPBI en México, es por incineración (en un 85%), pero ello trae consecuencias a la salud y altera al medio ambiente mundial.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Perrault syndrome with neurological features in a compound heterozygote for two TWNK mutations : Overlap of TWNK-related recessive disorders

Altres ajuts: This research was supported with cofounding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), "A way to make Europe") (to IdC); S2017/BMD‑3721‑RAREGENOMICS‑CM from the Consejería de Educación e Investigación de la Comunidad de Madrid (to MAMP).Background: Perrault syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by the association of sensorineural hearing impairment and ovarian dysgenesis in females, whereas males have only hearing impairment. In some cases, patients present with a diversity of neurological signs. To date, mutations in six genes are known to cause Perrault syndrome, but they do not explain all clinically-diagnosed cases. In addition, the number of reported cases and the spectra of mutations are still small to establish conclusive genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods: Affected siblings from family SH19, who presented with features that were suggestive of Perrault syndrome, were subjected to audiological, neurological and gynecological examination. The genetic study included genotyping and haplotype analysis for microsatellite markers close to the genes involved in Perrault syndrome, whole-exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing of the coding region of the TWNK gene. Results: Three siblings from family SH19 shared similar clinical features: childhood-onset bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment, which progressed to profound deafness in the second decade of life; neurological signs (spinocerebellar ataxia, polyneuropathy), with onset in the fourth decade of life in the two females and at age 20 years in the male; gonadal dysfunction with early cessation of menses in the two females. The genetic study revealed two compound heterozygous pathogenic mutations in the TWNK gene in the three affected subjects: c.85C>T (p.Arg29∗), previously reported in a case of hepatocerebral syndrome; and a novel missense mutation, c.1886C>T (p.Ser629Phe). Mutations segregated in the family according to an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Conclusions: Our results further illustrate the utility of genetic testing as a tool to confirm a tentative clinical diagnosis of Perrault syndrome. Studies on genotype-phenotype correlation from the hitherto reported cases indicate that patients with Perrault syndrome caused by TWNK mutations will manifest neurological signs in adulthood. Molecular and clinical characterization of novel cases of recessive disorders caused by TWNK mutations is strongly needed to get further insight into the genotype-phenotype correlations of a phenotypic continuum encompassing Perrault syndrome, infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia, and hepatocerebral syndrome

Ultrasonic evidence of an uncorrelated cluster formation temperature in manganites with first-order magnetic transition at T_C

Ultrasonic attenuation and phase velocity measurements have been carried out in the ferromagnetic perovskites La_{2/3}Ca_{1/3}MnO_3 and La_{2/3}Sr_{1/3}MnO_3. Data show that the transition at the Curie temperature, T_C, changes from first- to second-order as Sr replaces Ca in the perovskite. The compound with first-order transition shows also another transition at a temperature T* > T_C. We interpret the temperature window T_C < T < T* as a region of coexistence of a phase separated regime of metallic and insulating regions, in the line of recent theoretical proposals.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure