Incidencia de la Mesofauna en el almacenamiento de Carbono Orgánico Total en los suelos del páramo de la comunidad de Guangopud parroquia Juan de Velasco cantón Colta

Se determinó la Incidencia de la mesofauna en el almacenamiento de carbono orgánico total en los suelos del páramo de la comunidad de Guangopud parroquia Juan de Velasco cantón Colta, se aplicó un diseño de muestreo de doble estratificación, se midieron diferentes variables. Para el área de estudio se estableció tres conglomerados con tres parcelas de 3600 m2 cada uno, un total de nueve parcelas permanentes de monitoreo, distribuidos sistemáticamente en toda el área de estudio. Se determinó tres zonas de estudio: alta, media y baja, el 71% de los suelos del lugar son de tipo inceptisol de origen volcánico, su textura es arena franca; estructura granular, con una pedregosidad <5%. En la mesofauna del suelo se logró identificar diez individuos, de los cuales dos pertenecen al orden Diptera, tres al Lumbricidae, dos al Coleoptera y las demás restantes están dentro de los géneros: Forficulidae, Collembola y Acaria. La variación del contenido de carbono es inversamente proporcional a la profundidad, obteniendo un valor máximo en la parcela 05 con 122 ton/ha, mientras que el contenido más bajo se ubicó en la parcela 02 con un valor de 91,72 ton/ha y un valor medio de 102 ton/ha. La mayor concentración de carbono de la mesofauna edáfica se encuentra en el primer conglomerado, con un valor máximo de 23,7 %, y carbono del suelo de 60,10 %, y el valor más bajo presente en la parcela 7, con 12,4%, para la mesofauna edáfica y para el suelo 49,5 %. Demostrando que la densidad y el aporte que la mesofauna edáfica en el almacenamiento de carbono es directamente proporcional al contenido total de carbono acumulado, la profundidad del horizonte mineral, densidad de drenaje, textura y estructura son factores esenciales para el desarrollo de la mesofauna edáfica, ayudando a una mayor densidad de especies, el grado de intervención es evidente debido a que los sitios con baja presión antrópica son aptos para el desarrollo de la mesofaua edáfica. Con los resultados obtenidos es importante que la comunidad de Guangopud elabore planes de conservación del ecosistema páramo para obtener por retribución de servicios ambientales.The mesofauna incidence in total wasteland soil organic carbon storage of Guangopud community, Juan de Velasco Parish, Colta Canton got determined. A double stratification sample design and of different variables measurement were applied. For the research areas three conglomerates with three plots of 3600m 2 each one resulting in 9 plots under permanent monitoring and distributed in the whole area. Three resear ch areas were determined: High, medium and low, 71% of soils are volcanic inceptisol and it has loamy sand texture with stony granular structure <5%. In de soil mesofauna it was possible to determine 10 mesofauna species belonging to diptera group, three t o Lumbricidae, two to Coleoptera and the remaining to Forticulidae, Collembola and Acaria. The carbon content variation is inversely proportional to depth getting a maximum value in plot 5 with 122 ton/ha, while the lowest content was found in plot 2 with 91,72 ton/ha , and a medium value of 102 ton/ha. The highest carbon concentration of edaphic mesofauna is foud in the first conglomerate with a maximum value of 23,7% and 60,10% in soil carbon. The lowest value was found in plot 7 with 12,4% for edaphic me sofauna and 49,5% for the soil. This proves that density of edaphic mesofauna in carbon storage is proportional to total carbon - accumulated content is proportional to mineral horizon depth. Drain density, texture and structure are essential factors for eda phic mesofauna growth, this provides a highest density to species and intervention level is evident due to low - anthropic areas suitable for edaphic mesofauna growth. From the results, it is important for the Guangopud community to make an ecosystem conserv ational plan for paramos in return of environmental service warranty

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the W gamma Production Cross Section in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=13 TeV and Constraints on Effective Field Theory Coefficients

A fiducial cross section for W gamma production in proton-proton collisions is measured at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 137 fb(-1) of data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The W -> e nu and mu nu decay modes are used in a maximum-likelihood fit to the lepton-photon invariant mass distribution to extract the combined cross section. The measured cross section is compared with theoretical expectations at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. In addition, 95% confidence level intervals are reported for anomalous triple-gauge couplings within the framework of effective field theory.Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Performance of the CMS muon trigger system in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

The muon trigger system of the CMS experiment uses a combination of hardware and software to identify events containing a muon. During Run 2 (covering 2015-2018) the LHC achieved instantaneous luminosities as high as 2 × 10 cm s while delivering proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV. The challenge for the trigger system of the CMS experiment is to reduce the registered event rate from about 40 MHz to about 1 kHz. Significant improvements important for the success of the CMS physics program have been made to the muon trigger system via improved muon reconstruction and identification algorithms since the end of Run 1 and throughout the Run 2 data-taking period. The new algorithms maintain the acceptance of the muon triggers at the same or even lower rate throughout the data-taking period despite the increasing number of additional proton-proton interactions in each LHC bunch crossing. In this paper, the algorithms used in 2015 and 2016 and their improvements throughout 2017 and 2018 are described. Measurements of the CMS muon trigger performance for this data-taking period are presented, including efficiencies, transverse momentum resolution, trigger rates, and the purity of the selected muon sample. This paper focuses on the single- and double-muon triggers with the lowest sustainable transverse momentum thresholds used by CMS. The efficiency is measured in a transverse momentum range from 8 to several hundred GeV

Search for long-lived particles decaying to jets with displaced vertices in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 Te V

A search is presented for long-lived particles produced in pairs in proton-proton collisions at the LHC operating at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the period from 2015 through 2018, and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 140 fb(-1). This search targets pairs of long-lived particles with mean proper decay lengths between 0.1 and 100 mm, each of which decays into at least two quarks that hadronize to jets, resulting in a final state with two displaced vertices. No significant excess of events with two displaced vertices is observed. In the context of R-parity violating supersymmetry models, the pair production of long-lived neutralinos, gluinos, and top squarks is excluded at 95% confidence level for cross sections larger than 0.08 fb, masses between 800 and 3000 GeV, and mean proper decay lengths between 1 and 25 mm.Peer reviewe

Search for top squark production in fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for production of the supersymmetric partners of the top quark, top squarks, is presented. The search is based on proton-proton collision events containing multiple jets, no leptons, and large transverse momentum imbalance. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). The targeted signal production scenarios are direct and gluino-mediated top squark production, including scenarios in which the top squark and neutralino masses are nearly degenerate. The search utilizes novel algorithms based on deep neural networks that identify hadronically decaying top quarks and W bosons, which are expected in many of the targeted signal models. No statistically significant excess of events is observed relative to the expectation from the standard model, and limits on the top squark production cross section are obtained in the context of simplified supersymmetric models for various production and decay modes. Exclusion limits as high as 1310 GeVare established at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the top squark for direct top squark production models, and as high as 2260 GeV on the mass of the gluino for gluino-mediated top squark production models. These results represent a significant improvement over the results of previous searches for supersymmetry by CMS in the same final state.Peer reviewe