Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Genetic and phenotypic parameters in intervarietal hybrids in corn VPAs in RS.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is among the cultivated species of greatest socioeconomic importance, considered a staple food, especially in underdeveloped or developing countries. In scientific terms, the species is widely studied due to its genetic variability, which can be explored for the identification of favorable genes and / or alleles or for the selection of superior plants for the formation of hybrids. Thus, determining the population to be used is crucial to obtain selection gains. Studies concerning the combinatorial capacity of these open pollination varieties and the heterosis existing in intervarietal hybrids originating from such varieties are important tools for breeding programs. Given the above, the present study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters in half-sib families of open pollinated varieties of corn via mixed models (REML / BLUP), as well as to evaluate the combinatory capacity and its reciprocal effect on such varieties, and still, through heterosis studies, to identify promising intervarietal hybrids formed from these VPA's. For the estimates of genetic parameters, combinatorial capacities and effects of heterosis, fifteen open pollination varieties were used: AL 25, AL 30, Argentino Amarelo, Argentino Branco, Bico de Ouro, BR 5202, BR 473, BRS Missões, BRS Planalto, Cateto Amarelo, Dente de Ouro, Pampeano, Sangria Branca, Sete Sanga e Taquarão, grown in a randomized block design with three replications. For the studies of combinatorial capacity and heterosis, crossings between eight VPA’s were performed, in a complete diallel scheme. The intervarietal hybrids were conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Both experiments were carried out in the experimental area of the Genomics and Phyto-improvement of the Federal University of Pelotas, in the municipality of Capão do Leão / RS, in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons. According to the estimates of the genetic parameters, it was possible to observe the existence of genetic variability between and within the IMF of the populations under study. Such parameters also showed that the varieties Sete Sanga and Taquarão have the highest values of average heritability for most of the evaluated characters. Regarding the combinatorial capacity of the varieties, the genetic action that prevailed was that of non-additive effects, that is, the specific combination capacity showed greater prominence among the populations. As for heterosis, hybrids superior to the parents were identified, being the populations Argentino Amarelo and BRS Missões, the most promising in hybrid combinations for traits related to grain yield.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqO milho (Zea mays L.) está entre as espécies cultivadas de maior importância socioeconômica, considerado um alimento básico, principalmente em países subdesenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. Em termos científicos, a espécie é amplamente estudada devido a sua variabilidade genética, a qual pode ser explorada para a identificação de genes e/ou alelos favoráveis ou ainda para a seleção de plantas superiores para a formação de híbridos. Estudos referentes à capacidade combinatória destas variedades de polinização aberta e a heterose existente nos híbridos intervarietais originados de tais variedades, são importantes ferramentas para os programas de melhoramento. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estimar os parâmetros genéticos em famílias de meios-irmãos de variedades de polinização aberta de milho via modelos mistos (REML/BLUP), bem como avaliar a capacidade combinatória e seu efeito recíproco em tais variedades, e ainda, por meio de estudos de heterose, identificar híbridos intervarietais promissores formados a partir destas VPA’s. Para as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos, capacidades combinatórias e efeitos de heterose foram utilizadas quinze variedades de polinização aberta: AL 25, AL 30, Argentino Amarelo, Argentino Branco, Bico de Ouro, BR 5202, BR 473, BRS Missões, BRS Planalto, Cateto Amarelo, Dente de Ouro, Pampeano, Sangria Branca, Sete Sanga e Taquarão, cultivadas em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Para os estudos da capacidade combinatória e heterose foram realizados os cruzamentos entre oito VPA’s, em esquema de dialelo completo. Os híbridos intervarietais foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Ambos os experimentos foram realizados na área experimental do Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no município Capão do Leão/RS, nas safras 2017/2018 e 2018/2019. De acordo com as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos foi possível observar a existência de variabilidade genética entre e dentro das FMI das populações em estudo. Tais parâmetros evidenciaram ainda que as variedades Sete Sanga e Taquarão possuem os valores mais elevados de herdabilidade média para a maior parte dos caracteres avaliados. Com relação à capacidade combinatória das variedades, a ação gênica que prevaleceu foi a de efeitos não aditivos, ou seja, a capacidade específica de combinação apresentou maior destaque entre as populações. Quanto à heterose, foram identificados híbridos superiores aos genitores, sendo as populações Argentino Amarelo e BRS Missões, as mais promissoras em combinações híbridas para caracteres relacionados ao rendimento de grãos

Os impactos da implementação do SAP R/3 em uma empresa do setor de laticínios

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar os impactos da implantação de um ERP, o SAP R/3, em uma empresa de grande porte do setor de laticínios, localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, analisando o histórico de informatização da empresa, como foi realizada a implementação do ERP e quais suas consequências. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada a partir de um estudo de caso, desenvolvido por meio de entrevista com os responsáveis pela adoção do sistema

Trabalho, socialização e identidade: um estudo com professoras gerentes de uma universidade pública

ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi o de compreender como a socialização, principalmente, a organizacional, atua na dinâmica identitária de professoras que assumiram/assumem cargos gerenciais em uma universidade pública. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma abordagem de caráter qualitativo, com o método de pesquisa história de vida, na qual foram entrevistadas sete professoras gerentes. Percebeu-se que as experiências e as memórias resgatadas desde a infância, assim como os processos de socialização, contribuem para a compreensão da dinâmica identitária delas. Verificou-se que alguns traços adquiridos e comportamentos aprendidos no espaço familiar ainda perduram no cotidiano de algumas. Para outras, as conquistas ao longo da vida e, principalmente, as atuais na esfera profissional, ganham sentido de superação de vivências do passado e de identidades ligadas a elas

Omission and Resupply of Nitrogen Affect Physiological and Enzymatic Activities and the Gene Expression of Eucalypt Clones

ABSTRACT: The mineral nutrient uptake of plants in the field occurs in pulses, due to variations in the substance concentrations at the root surface. The fluctuations in nutrient supply probably induce changes in the plant, which are to date unknown for Eucalyptus. This study evaluated these changes in plant growth, nutritional status, photosynthesis, and gene expression, which can serve as biomarkers of the nitrogen status, of four eucalypt clones exposed to N omission and resupply. A greenhouse experiment with four Eucalyptus clones was installed, and after initial growth exposed to N omission for 21 d, followed by N resupply in nutrient solution for 14 d. Nitrogen omission decreased the total N and photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthesis and photochemical dissipation, and increased enzyme activity especially in leaves and the gene expression in leaves and roots. Nitrogen resupply decreased these variations, indicating recovery. The total N concentration was highly and significantly correlated with net photosynthesis, enzyme activity, expression of genes GS2;1 and Gln1;3 in the leaves and AMT1;2 in the roots, contents of chlorophyll a and b, and photochemical energy dissipation. The enzymes GS and NR in the leaves and the genes AMT1;2, GS2;1 and Gln1;3 proved to be sensitive N indicators