Simethis mattiazzi (Vandelli) Saccardo [(= S. planifolia (G.) Gren.], redescubierta para la flora de Castilla-La Mancha (España)

Durante los trabajos de seguimiento de la regeneración natural en la zona del Rodenal de Guadalajara afectada por las llamas en el verano de 2005, se localizó una numerosa población de Simethis mattiazzi (Vandelli) Saccardo

The historical demise of Pinus nigra forests in the Northern Iberian Plateau (south-western Europe)

1.Pinus nigra Arn. forests dominated over extensive areas of the Northern Iberian Plateau (Spain) during the Holocene, but a strong decline during the historical period (c. 1300-700 cal. BP) led to the present fragmented populations. This demise has been generally attributed to land-use changes or climate, but the specific roles of disturbance regimes such as fire variability and grazing on the long-term are not fully understood yet. 2.We combine multi-proxy palaeoecological data (fossil pollen, spores, conifer stomata, microscopic and macroscopic charcoal) together with quantitative analyses (ordination and peak detection) from a high-resolution sedimentary sequence (Tubilla del Lago, 900 m a.s.l.) to assess the causes of pine forests demise. A new microscopic charcoal record from an additional sequence (Espinosa de Cerrato, 885 m a.s.l.) is used to assess burning and pine decline at a more regional (100 km radius) scale. 3.Pinus nigra forests could cope with drought and fire regime variability (FRI = 110-500 years), with forest recovery taking c. 100-200 years after fires. Only at 1300-1200 cal. BP a long-lasting irrecoverable demise of P. nigra forests occurred when human-induced fires together with arable and pastoral farming became widespread in the area. Subsequently, Quercus woodlands expanded in the remnant patchy pinewoods. This vegetation shift was primarily caused by three particularly important fire episodes in less than a century (c. 1300-1200 cal. BP). 4.Synthesis. Pinus nigra forests have shown a millennial resilience to the natural fire regime of the Northern Iberian Plateau, that was characterized by relatively frequent small-moderate fires and rare high-intensity fires. However, frequent human-caused crown fires and the onset of intensive farming caused their demise over an extensive area. Ongoing land-use abandonment in the Iberian mountains could promote the occurrence of high-intensity, severe fires due to the rapid build-up of high fuel loads. Forest management could mimic the natural fire regime by periodically reducing fuel loads for a transitional period until natural disturbance variability is fully restored, thus preserving these relict native plant communities

Aprendizaje botánico mediante el mapeo e identificación de observaciones de plantas con iNaturalist, una plataforma en línea de ciencia ciudadana

La obligada adaptación del proceso enseñanza/aprendizaje incorporando herramientas tecnológicas apoyadas en inteligencia artificial y entornos colaborativos ha motivado la incorporación de la plataforma iNaturalist en asignaturas relacionadas con la botánica en enseñanzas universitarias forestales. Mediante la implementación de la iNaturalist se han diseñado unas clases prácticas de las asignaturas de Botánica de primer curso en los grados de Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid). Se ha utilizado un espacio del campus universitario (Arboreto de Montes), realizando una presentación y puesta en común de la actividad en aula, un recurso web, un guion de buenas prácticas, y un seguimiento progresivo de los estudiantes. En la primera evaluación de su eficacia se han registrado resultados positivos en la aceptación por el alumnado. La actividad, además, permite una transición a la docencia a distancia, y muestra su capacidad de transferibilidad a otros contextos educativos universitarios

Vegetation and fire dynamics during the last 4000 years in the Cabañeros National Park (central Spain)

The Holocene vegetation dynamics of low- and mid-altitude areas of inland Iberia remain largely unknown, masking possible legacy effects of past land-use on current and future ecosystem trajectories. Here we present a 4000-year long palaeoecological record (pollen, spores, microscopic charcoal) from a mire located in the Cabañeros National Park (Toledo Mountains, central Spain), a region with key conservation challenges due to ongoing land-use changes. We reconstruct late Holocene vegetation history and assess the extent to which climate, land-use and disturbances played a role in the observed changes. Our results show that oak (Quercus) woodlands have been the main forested community of the Toledo Mountains over millennia, with deciduous Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus faginea more abundant than evergreen Quercus ilex and Quercus suber, particularly on the humid soils of the valley bottoms. Deciduous oak woodlands spread during drier periods replacing hygrophilous communities (Betula, Salix, hygrophilous Ericaceae) on the edges of the mire, and could cope with fire disturbance variability under dry conditions (e.g. ca. 3800–3000–1850–1050 BC- and 1300–100 cal BP–AD 650–1850-) as suggested by regional palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Pollen and coprophilous fungi data suggest that enhanced fire occurrence at ca. 1300–100 cal BP (AD 650–1850) was due to deliberate burning by local people to promote pastoral and arable farming at the expense of woodlands/shrublands under dry conditions. While historical archives date the onset of strong human impact on the vegetation of Cabañeros to the period at and after the Ecclesiastical Confiscation (ca. 150–100 cal BP, AD 1800–1850), our palaeoecological data reveal that land-use was already intense during the Arab period (ca. 1250–900 cal BP, AD 700–1050) and particularly marked during the subsequent City of Toledo's rule (ca. 700–150 cal BP, AD 1250–1800). Finally, we hypothesize that persistent groundwater discharge allowed the mires of the Toledo Mountains to act as interglacial hydrologic microrefugia for some hygrophilous woody plants (Betula, Myrica gale, Erica tetralix) during pronounced dry spells over the past millennia

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 12

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 12, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 17

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 17 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público

Simethis mattiazzi (Vandelli) Saccardo [(= S. planifolia (G.) Gren.], redescubierta para la flora de Castilla-La Mancha (España). Simethis mattiazzi (Vandelli) Saccardo [(= S. planifolia (L.) Gren.], a rediscovered species for the Castilla- La Mancha flora

Simethis mattiazzi (Vandelli) Saccardo[( [( [ = (= ( S. planifolia (L.) Gren.], a rediscovered species for the Castilla La Mancha flora Palabras clave. Simethis Kunth, Liliaceae, corología, Castilla-La Mancha, España. Key words. Simethis Kunth, Liliaceae, chorology, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Pinus nigra (European black pine) as the dominant species of the last glacial pinewoods in south-western to central Iberia: a morphological study of modern and fossil pollen

Aim Our aim was to discriminate different species of Pinus via pollen analysis in order to assess the responses of particular pine species to orbital and millennial-scale climate changes, particularly during the last glacial period. Location Modern pollen grains were collected from current pine populations along transects from the Pyrenees to southern Iberia and the Balearic Islands. Fossil pine pollen was recovered from the south-western Iberian margin core MD95-2042. Methods We measured a set of morphological traits of modern pollen from the Iberian pine species Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris, P. halepensis, P. pinea and P. pinaster and of fossil pine pollen from selected samples of the last glacial period and the early to mid-Holocene. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to establish a model from the modern dataset that discriminates pollen from the different pine species and allows identification of fossil pine pollen at the species level. Results The CART model was effective in separating pollen of P. nigra and P. sylvestris from that of the Mediterranean pine group (P. halepensis, P. pinea and P. pinaster). The pollen of Pinus nigra diverged from that of P. sylvestris by having a more flattened corpus. Predictions using this model suggested that fossil pine pollen is mainly from P. nigra in all the samples analysed. Pinus sylvestris was more abundant in samples from Greenland stadials than Heinrich stadials, whereas Mediterranean pines increased in samples from Greenland interstadials and during the early to mid-Holocene. Main conclusions Morphological parameters can be successfully used to increase the taxonomic resolution of fossil pine pollen at the species level for the highland pines (P. nigra and P. sylvestris) and at the group of species level for the Mediterranean pines. Our study indicates that P. nigra was the dominant component of the last glacial south-western/central Iberian pinewoods, although the species composition of these woodlands varied in response to abrupt climate changes