Caracterización de la durabilidad del hormigón sometido a ciclos hielo deshielo mediante modelos micromecánicos

En este trabajo se exponen los resultados previos de la caracterización de la durabilidad del hormigón frente a los ciclos hielo-deshielo mediante la micromecánica. Los modelos micromecánicos permiten estudiar las propiedades globales del material en función de las propiedades microestructurales de las fases constituyentes: propiedades elásticas, fracción de volumen, distribución y orientación de las heterogeneidades así como su geometría. El trabajo se divide en dos partes, un estudio teórico y una posterior validación experimental. En el estudio teórico se aborda el comportamiento de la velocidad a partir de la variación de las características microestructurales por este tipo de deterioro. Estas predicciones se han comparado con las medidas de velocidad ultrasónica, mostrando buenos resultados

CmVPS41 Is a General Gatekeeper for Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Phloem Entry in Melon

Melon production is often compromised by viral diseases, which cannot be treated with chemicals. Therefore, the use of genetic resistances is the main strategy for generating crops resistant to viruses. Resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in melon is scarcely described in few accessions. Until recently, the only known resistant accessions were Freeman’s Cucumber and PI 161375, cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC). Resistance to CMV in melon is recessive and generally oligogenic and quantitative. However, in SC, the resistance to CMV strains of subgroup II is monogenic, depending only on one gene, cmv1, which is able to stop CMV movement by restricting the virus to the bundle sheath cells and preventing a systemic infection. This restriction depends on the viral movement protein (MP). Chimeric viruses carrying the MP of subgroup II strains, like the strain LS (CMV-LS), are restricted in the bundle sheath cells, whereas those carrying MP from subgroup I, like the strain FNY (CMV-FNY), are able to overcome this restriction. cmv1 encodes a vacuolar protein sorting 41 (CmVPS41), a protein involved in the transport of cargo proteins from the Golgi to the vacuole through late endosomes. We have analyzed the variability of the gene CmVPS41 in a set of 52 melon accessions belonging to 15 melon groups, both from the spp melo and the spp agrestis. We have identified 16 different haplotypes, encoding 12 different CmVPS41 protein variants. Challenging members of all haplotypes with CMV-LS, we have identified nine new resistant accessions. The resistance correlates with the presence of two mutations, either L348R, previously found in the accession SC and present in other three melon genotypes, or G85E, present in Freeman’s Cucumber and found also in four additional melon genotypes. Moreover, the new resistant accessions belong to three different melon horticultural groups, Conomon, Makuwa, and Dudaim. In the new resistant accessions, the virus was able to replicate and move cell to cell, but was not able to reach the phloem. Therefore, resistance to phloem entry seems to be a general strategy in melon controlled by CmVPS41. Finally, the newly reported resistant accessions broaden the possibilities for the use of genetic resistances in new melon breeding strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CmVPS41 Is a General Gatekeeper for Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Phloem Entry in Melon

Melon production is often compromised by viral diseases, which cannot be treated with chemicals. Therefore, the use of genetic resistances is the main strategy for generating crops resistant to viruses. Resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in melon is scarcely described in few accessions. Until recently, the only known resistant accessions were Freeman’s Cucumber and PI 161375, cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC). Resistance to CMV in melon is recessive and generally oligogenic and quantitative. However, in SC, the resistance to CMV strains of subgroup II is monogenic, depending only on one gene, cmv1, which is able to stop CMV movement by restricting the virus to the bundle sheath cells and preventing a systemic infection. This restriction depends on the viral movement protein (MP). Chimeric viruses carrying the MP of subgroup II strains, like the strain LS (CMV-LS), are restricted in the bundle sheath cells, whereas those carrying MP from subgroup I, like the strain FNY (CMV-FNY), are able to overcome this restriction. cmv1 encodes a vacuolar protein sorting 41 (CmVPS41), a protein involved in the transport of cargo proteins from the Golgi to the vacuole through late endosomes. We have analyzed the variability of the gene CmVPS41 in a set of 52 melon accessions belonging to 15 melon groups, both from the spp melo and the spp agrestis. We have identified 16 different haplotypes, encoding 12 different CmVPS41 protein variants. Challenging members of all haplotypes with CMV-LS, we have identified nine new resistant accessions. The resistance correlates with the presence of two mutations, either L348R, previously found in the accession SC and present in other three melon genotypes, or G85E, present in Freeman’s Cucumber and found also in four additional melon genotypes. Moreover, the new resistant accessions belong to three different melon horticultural groups, Conomon, Makuwa, and Dudaim. In the new resistant accessions, the virus was able to replicate and move cell to cell, but was not able to reach the phloem. Therefore, resistance to phloem entry seems to be a general strategy in melon controlled by CmVPS41. Finally, the newly reported resistant accessions broaden the possibilities for the use of genetic resistances in new melon breeding strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Distribuição espacial do risco de infecções respiratórias agudas em Angola, no período 2016-2019: uma previsão de contágio por COVID-19

The increase in cases and deaths from acute respiratory infections is a social and economic problem in Angola. With the aim to stratify the occurrence of acute respiratory illnesses, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from 2016 to 2019. This study assessed how the morbidity and mortality variables changed at a national, provincial, and municipal level. Statistical sources were provided with the provincial reports, sickness forms, and district health information software. The morbidity and mortality rates were calculated, strata of high, medium, and low strata were identified. The results were presented on maps. In morbidity, 55.6% of provinces had a high risk, 22.2% with moderate risk and low in each one; in the municipalities, 50% had high risk, 35.2% moderate and 14.7% low. In 5.5% of the provinces the risk of death was high, in 55.5% moderate and in 44.4% below in the municipalities, 38.4% high risk, 33.3% moderate and 28.2% low. In the stratification, it was identified a high risk of morbidity at a provincial and municipality level, although in terms of mortality, there was a predominance of moderate risk in the provinces, and high and moderate in the municipalities. This information is useful for health authorities in the process of organizing and planning of services, in the distribution of human resources and materials for a greater coverage and effectiveness of intersectoral actions in the prevention and control of these diseases.El aumento de casos y muertes por infecciones respiratorias agudas es un problema social y económico en Angola. Para estratificar la aparición de enfermedades respiratorias agudas, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de 2016 a 2019. Se estudiaron las variables de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel nacional, provincial y municipal. Las fuentes estadísticas fueron los informes provinciales, los formularios de notificación de enfermedades y el software de información de salud del distrito. Se calcularon las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidade, se identificaron estratos de riesgo alto, medio y bajo Los resultados se presentaron en mapas. En la morbilidad, el 55.6% de las províncias tuvieron un riesgo alto, el 22.2% con riesgo moderado y bajo en cada uno;  en los municipios, el 50% tuvieron riesgo alto, el 35,2% moderado y el 14,7% bajo. En el 5,5% de las provincias el riesgo de muerte  fue alto,  en el 55,5% moderado y en el 44,4%  bajo;  en los municipios, el 38,4% tuvo alto riesgo , el 33,3% moderado y el 28,2% bajo. La estratificación, identificó que a nivel de las provincias y municipios había un alto riesgo de morbilidad, mientras que en la mortalidad,  predominó el riesgo moderado en las provincias y alto y moderado en los municípios. Esta información es útil para las autoridades sanitarias en la organización y planificación de servicios, la distribución de recursos humanos y materiales para una mayor cobertura y efectividad de las acciones intersectoriales en la prevención y control de estas enfermedades.O incremento de casos e óbitos de infecções respiratórias agudas constituem um problema social e económico em Angola. Com o objectivo de estratificar a ocorrência das doenças respiratórias agudas, realizou-se um estudo descritivo transversal no período de 2016 a 2019. Foram estudadas as variáveis de morbilidade e mortalidade a nível nacional, provincial e municipal. As fontes estatísticas foram os relatórios provinciais, fichas de notificação de doenças e o Software Distrital de Informação em Saúde. A estratificação de risco da morbilidade e mortalidade das infecções respiratórias agudas, nos níveis provincial e municipal baseou-se no cálculo das taxas e foram identificados estratos de alto risco, médio e baixo e os resultados foram apresentados em mapas. Na morbilidade, 10 províncias tiveram um risco maior, representando 55,6%, o moderado e baixo em 4 (22,2%) para cada; nos municípios, 50 % tiveram maior risco, 35,2 % com risco moderado e 14,7 % com baixo risco. O maior risco de morrer foi em 5,5% das províncias, moderado em 55,5% e baixo em 44,4%; nos municípios, 38,4% tiveram maior risco, 33,3% com moderado e 28,2% com baixo risco. Na estratificação, identificou-se que a nível das províncias e municípios houve maior risco da morbilidade. Quanto a mortalidade, observou-se predomínio de risco moderado nas províncias e o risco alto e moderado, foi observado nos municípios. Esta informação é útil para as autoridades sanitárias na organização e planificação dos serviços, na distribuição de recursos humanos e materiais para uma maior cobertura e efectividade de acções intersectoriais na prevenção e controlo destas doenças

Increased risk of MAFLD and liver fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease independent of classic metabolic risk factors

ackground & Aims There is conflicting evidence regarding the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to determine MAFLD prevalence and risk factors in IBD patients. Methods Cross-sectional, case-control study included all consecutive IBD patients treated at 2 different university hospitals. Controls were subjects randomly selected from the general population and matched by age, sex, type 2 diabetes status, and body mass index in a 1:2 ratio. MAFLD was confirmed by controlled attenuation parameter. Liver biopsies were collected when MAFLD with significant liver fibrosis was suspected. In addition, age- and fibrosis stage-paired non-IBD patients with biopsy-proven MAFLD served as a secondary control group. Results Eight hundred thirty-one IBD patients and 1718 controls were included. The prevalence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis (transient elastography ≥9.7 kPa) was 42.00% and 9.50%, respectively, in IBD patients and 32.77% and 2.31%, respectively, in the general population (P < .001). A diagnosis of IBD was an independent predictor of MAFLD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.99; P < .001) and an independent risk factor for advanced liver fibrosis (adjusted odds ratio, 5.55; P < .001). Liver biopsies were obtained from 40 IBD patients; MAFLD was confirmed in all cases, and fibrosis of any degree was confirmed in 25 of 40 cases (62.5%). Body mass index and type 2 diabetes prevalence were significantly lower in IBD-MAFLD patients than in severity-paired patients with biopsy-proven MAFLD. Conclusions MAFLD and liver fibrosis are particularly prevalent in IBD patients, regardless of the influence of classic metabolic risk factors.Acknowledgements: The authors report funding support from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER Grant (FIS - PI18/01304) related to this manuscript

Long runs of homozygosity are associated with Alzheimer's disease

Altres ajuts: The Genome Research at Fundació ACE project (GR@ACE) is supported by Fundación bancaria "La Caixa," Grifols SA and Fundació ACE. L.M.R. is supported by Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (Grant PI-0001/2017).Long runs of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous stretches of homozygous genotypes, which are a footprint of inbreeding and recessive inheritance. The presence of recessive loci is suggested for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, their search has been poorly assessed to date. To investigate homozygosity in AD, here we performed a fine-scale ROH analysis using 10 independent cohorts of European ancestry (11,919 AD cases and 9181 controls.) We detected an increase of homozygosity in AD cases compared to controls [ β (CI 95%) = 0.070 (0.037-0.104); P = 3.91 × 10 −5 ; β (CI95%) = 0.043 (0.009-0.076); P = 0.013]. ROHs increasing the risk of AD (OR > 1) were significantly overrepresented compared to ROHs increasing protection (p < 2.20 × 10 −16). A significant ROH association with AD risk was detected upstream the HS3ST1 locus (chr4:11,189,482‒11,305,456), (β (CI 95%) = 1.09 (0.48 ‒ 1.48), p value = 9.03 × 10 −4), previously related to AD. Next, to search for recessive candidate variants in ROHs, we constructed a homozygosity map of inbred AD cases extracted from an outbred population and explored ROH regions in whole-exome sequencing data (N = 1449). We detected a candidate marker, rs117458494, mapped in the SPON1 locus, which has been previously associated with amyloid metabolism. Here, we provide a research framework to look for recessive variants in AD using outbred populations. Our results showed that AD cases have enriched homozygosity, suggesting that recessive effects may explain a proportion of AD heritability

Risk factors for non-diabetic renal disease in diabetic patients

Background. Diabetic patients with kidney disease have a high prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). Renal and patient survival regarding the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) or NDRD have not been widely studied. The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of NDRD in patients with diabetes and to determine the capacity of clinical and analytical data in the prediction of NDRD. In addition, we will study renal and patient prognosis according to the renal biopsy findings in patients with diabetes. Methods. Retrospective multicentre observational study of renal biopsies performed in patients with diabetes from 2002 to 2014. Results. In total, 832 patients were included: 621 men (74.6%), mean age of 61.7 6 12.8 years, creatinine was 2.8 6 2.2 mg/dL and proteinuria 2.7 (interquartile range: 1.2–5.4) g/24 h. About 39.5% (n ¼ 329) of patients had DN, 49.6% (n ¼ 413) NDRD and 10.8% (n ¼ 90) mixed forms. The most frequent NDRD was nephroangiosclerosis (NAS) (n ¼ 87, 9.3%). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05, P < 0.001], microhaematuria (OR ¼ 1.51, 95% CI: 1.03–2.21, P ¼ 0.033) and absence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) (OR ¼ 0.28, 95% CI: 0.19–0.42, P < 0.001) were independently associated with NDRD. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with DN or mixed forms presented worse renal prognosis than NDRD (P < 0.001) and higher mortality (P ¼ 0.029). In multivariate Cox analyses, older age (P < 0.001), higher serum creatinine (P < 0.001), higher proteinuria (P < 0.001), DR (P ¼ 0.007) and DN (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for renal replacement therapy. In addition, older age (P < 0.001), peripheral vascular disease (P ¼ 0.002), higher creatinine (P ¼ 0.01) and DN (P ¼ 0.015) were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusions. The most frequent cause of NDRD is NAS. Elderly patients with microhaematuria and the absence of DR are the ones at risk for NDRD. Patients with DN presented worse renal prognosis and higher mortality than those with NDRD. These results suggest that in some patients with diabetes, kidney biopsy may be useful for an accurate renal diagnosis and subsequently treatment and prognosis

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]