La Fitoterapia hoy: evidencias

II Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Avances en Nutrición y Dietética Clínica: Prevención, Tratamiento y Gestión - Rol del Dietista-Nutricionist

La reforma de la LEC en relación a la ocupación ilegal de viviendas y propuesta de enfoque interdisciplinar del fenómeno 'okupa'

Análisis del fenómeno de la ocupación ilegal de viviendas, añadiendo a la perspectiva de la reforma procesal civil una visión constitucional, penal y civi

La Fitoterapia hoy: evidencias

II Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Avances en Nutrición y Dietética Clínica: Prevención, Tratamiento y Gestión - Rol del Dietista-Nutricionist

Impact of Hydroxytyrosol-Rich Extract Supplementation in a High-Fat Diet on Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Lipid Metabolism

High-fat diets (HFDs) enhance fish growth by optimizing nutrient utilization (i.e., protein-sparing effect); however, their potential negative effects have also encouraged the search for feed additives. This work has investigated the effects of an extract rich in a polyphenolic antioxidant, hydroxytyrosol (HT), supplemented (0.52 g HT/kg feed) in a HFD (24% lipid) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Fish received the diet at two ration levels, standard (3% of total fish weight) or restricted (40% reduction) for 8 weeks. Animals fed the supplemented diet at a standard ration had the lowest levels of plasma free fatty acids (4.28 ± 0.23 mg/dL versus 6.42 ± 0.47 in the non-supplemented group) and downregulated hepatic mRNA levels of lipid metabolism markers (ppara, pparb, lpl, fatp1, fabp1, acox1, lipe and lipa), supporting potential fat-lowering properties of this compound in the liver. Moreover, the same animals showed increased muscle lipid content and peroxidation (1.58- and 1.22-fold, respectively, compared to the fish without HT), suggesting the modulation of body adiposity distribution and an enhanced lipid oxidation rate in that tissue. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering this phytocompound as an optimal additive in HFDs for gilthead sea bream to improve overall fish health and condition

Actividad de albendazol y los aceites esenciales de menta (Mentha piperita) y manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) frente Anisakis tipo I

Objetivos: Estudiar la posible actividad sinérgica de los aceites esenciales de Mentha piperita y Matricaria chamomilla frente Anisakis tipo I. Material y métodos: Se ensayó tanto in vitro como in vivo, la actividad larvicida de la mezcla de los aceites esenciales utilizando albendazol como fármaco de referencia y midiéndo su eficacia mediante un modelo estadístico. Resultados: En los ensayos in vitro, a las concentraciones de 250 y 187.5 μg/ml, la mortalidad de las larvas fue del 100% mientras que albendazol no mostró eficacia. In vivo, la mezcla de aceites esenciales fue más eficaz, reduciendo las lesiones en ratas en comparación con las tratadas con albendazol y control. Albendazol no redujo de forma significativa el porcentaje de lesiones producidas por las larvas frente al control. Conclusión: La mezcla de aceite esencial de menta y manzanilla podría ser candidata para su uso en el tratamiento/profilaxis de la anisakiasis humana.Aim: We have studied the possible synergistic activity of the essential oils of Mentha piperita and Matricaria chamomile against Anisakis type I. Materials and methods: the larvicidal activity of the mixture of essential oils was tested in vitro and in vivo, using as a reference the drug Albendazole and effectiveness measured through a statistical model. Results: The in vitro and in vivo experiments both evidenced that the larvicidal activity of essential oils, was higher than the Albendazole activity. In the in vitro assay, at concentrations of 250 and 187.5 μg/ml, the mortality was 100% with the mixture of essential oils while albendazole was ineffective at the concentrations studied. In the in vivo assay, the mixture of essential oils, was significantly more effective in the reduction of numbers of lesions with rats in comparison to albendazole treatments and control. Albendazole did not significantly reduce the percentage of lesions caused by larvae vs. control. Conclusion: Considering the results, we have come to the conclusion that the mixture of peppermint essential oils and chamomile could be used in the treatment/prophylaxis of human Anisakis.Trabajo financiado por el proyecto: P07-CVI-03249

In vivo larvicidal activity of menthol against Anisakis type I

Se ha estudiado la actividad larvicida in vivo de mentol, principal componente del aceite esencial de Mentha pipperita, frente a larvas de Anisakis tipo I aisladas del hospedador Micromesistius poutassou (bacaladilla), adquiridas en diversas pescaderías de la ciudad de Granada. Los resultados obtenidos en el ensayo muestran que en el grupo tratado con mentol no se apreciaron lesiones en el aparato digestivo, mientras que en el grupo control estas lesiones fueron observadas en el 93’3% de los animales de experimentación. En este mismo grupo se encontraron larvas que habían perforado la pared gástrica, localizándose libres en la cavidad corporal.We have studied the in vivo larvicidal activity of menthol, the main component of the essential oil of Mentha pipperita, against Anisakis type I larvae isolated from the host Micromesistius poutassou (blue whiting), acquired in several fishmongers in the city of Granada. The in vivo test results showed no gastric wall lesions in the group treated with menthol, while in the control group, 93.3% of infected rats showed those lesions. In the same control group were found larvae that had drilled the gastric wall, located free in the abdominal cavity.Trabajo financiado por el proyecto: P07-CVI-03249

Light bosons and photospheric solutions to the solar abundance problem

It is well known that current spectroscopic determinations of the chemical composition of the Sun are starkly at odds with the metallicity implied by helioseismology. We investigate whether the discrepancy may be due to conversion of photons to a new light boson in the solar photosphere. We examine the impact of particles with axion-like interactions with the photon on the inferred photospheric abundances, showing that resonant axion-photon conversion is not possible in the region of the solar atmosphere in which line-formation occurs. Although non-resonant conversion in the line-forming regions can in principle impact derived abundances, constraints from axion-photon conversion experiments rule out the couplings necessary for these effects to be detectable. We show that this extends to hidden photons and chameleons (which would exhibit similar phenomenological behaviour), ruling out known theories of new light bosons as photospheric solutions to the solar abundance problem.Comment: 11 pages, PDFLaTeX. v2: Major revision. Inclusion of refractive index effect on photon-ALP conversion strengthens our conclusion that such an effect cannot explain the solar abundance problem with a coupling allowed by experimental axion-like particle searches. We now include a discussion of chameleons and hidden photons, with similar conclusion

IN VIVO activity of essential oil Origanum elongatum against larva L3 of Anisakis pegreffii

En este trabajo se aborda la posible actividad larvicida in vivo del aceite esencial de Origanum elongatum, recolectado en Marruecos, frente a las larvas L3 de Anisakis pegreffii, que parasitan distintas especies marinas. Los resultados obtenidos son demostrativos del interés potencial de este aceite esencial como preventivo de la infección por Anisakis, tras ingestión del pescado parasitado.Anisakiasis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by species of the genus Anisakis. In humans, this parasite is manifested by digestive symptoms. In the virtual absence of effective treatments against this infection, our working group has initiated a series of investigations aimed at finding natural products such as essential oils and their major components, which might be of interest in the treatment of the infectious form of these zoonoses. OBJECTIVE: Establishment of the possible in vivo activity of essential oil of O. elongatum, against L3 larva of Anisakis pegreffii. METHODOLOGY: For the study in vivo, parasites were isolated from the host Scomber japonicus (mackerel) and Trachurus trachurus (horse mackerel). The experimental animals (female Wistar rats) were infected with 6 Anisakis larva by gastric catheter, this technique was used also for the administration of O. elongatum (46.9 mg / 0.5 ml of olive oil), according to the following guidelines: infection and joint treatment and sacrifice at 4 hours. Parallel to this, a control test was performed, administering 0.5 ml olive oil together with six larvae of the parasite to a group of animals. The identification of the larvae was carried out using molecular techniques (PCR-RFLP). The identification of the main components of essential oil was performed by GC-MS.Trabajo financiado por el proyecto: P07-CVI-0324

Adaptive remodeling of the bacterial proteome by specific ribosomal modification regulates Pseudomonas infection and niche colonisation

Post-transcriptional control of protein abundance is a highly important, underexplored regulatory process by which organisms respond to their environments. Here we describe an important and previously unidentified regulatory pathway involving the ribosomal modification protein RimK, its regulator proteins RimA and RimB, and the widespread bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP (cdG). Disruption of rimK affects motility and surface attachment in pathogenic and commensal Pseudomonas species, with rimK deletion significantly compromising rhizosphere colonisation by the commensal soil bacterium P. fluorescens, and plant infection by the pathogens P. syringae and P. aeruginosa. RimK functions as an ATP-dependent glutamyl ligase, adding glutamate residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein RpsF and inducing specific effects on both ribosome protein complement and function. Deletion of rimK in P. fluorescens leads to markedly reduced levels of multiple ribosomal proteins, and also of the key translational regulator Hfq. In turn, reduced Hfq levels induce specific downstream proteomic changes, with significant increases in multiple ABC transporters, stress response proteins and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases seen for both ΔrimK and Δhfq mutants. The activity of RimK is itself controlled by interactions with RimA, RimB and cdG. We propose that control of RimK activity represents a novel regulatory mechanism that dynamically influences interactions between bacteria and their hosts; translating environmental pressures into dynamic ribosomal changes, and consequently to an adaptive remodeling of the bacterial proteome

Long-term evolution of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and b-cell mass after radiofrequency-assisted transection of the pancreas in a controlled large animal model

Background: Pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) has been used as a model of chronic pancreatitis and as a model to increase β-cell mass. However, studies in mice have demonstrated acinar regeneration after PDL, questioning the long-term validity of the model. We aim to elucidate whether RF-assisted transection (RFAT) of the main pancreatic duct is a reliable PDL model, both in short (ST, 1-month) and long-term (LT, 6-months) follow-ups. Methods: Eleven pigs were subjected to RFAT. Biochemical (serum/peripancreatic amylase and glucose) and histological changes (including a semiautomatic morphometric study of over 1000 images/pancreas and IHC analysis) were evaluated after ST or LT follow-up and also in fresh pancreas specimens that were used as controls for 1 (n=4) and 6 months (n=6). Results: The distal pancreas in the ST was characterized by areas of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (56%) which were significantly reduced at LT (21%) by fibrotic replacement and adipose tissue. The endocrine mass showed a normal increase. Conclusion: RFAT in the pig seems to be an appropriate PDL model without restoration of pancreatic drainage or reduction of endocrine mass."This work was supported by the Spanish "Plan Estatal de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad" under Grant TEC2014-52383-C3 (TEC2014-52383-C3-3-R). RQ, EB, FB declare stock ownership in Apeiron Medical S.L., a company that has a license for the patent US 8.303.584.B2, on which the device have been employed.Quesada-Diez, R.; Andaluz, A.; Cáceres, M.; Moll, X.; Iglesias, M.; Dorcaratto, D.; Poves, I.... (2016). Long-term evolution of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and b-cell mass after radiofrequency-assisted transection of the pancreas in a controlled large animal model. Pancreatology. 16:38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2015.10.014S38431