9 research outputs found
State-of-the-art Review : Vol. 2B. Integrated Building Concepts:NNEX 44 : Integrating Environmentally Responsive Elements in Buildings
State-of-the-art Review : Vol. 2B. Methods and Tools for Designing Integrated Building Concepts:NNEX 44 : Integrating Environmentally Responsive Elements in Buildings
Benzoquinone synthesis-related genes of Tribolium castaneum confer the robust antifungal host defense to the adult beetles through the inhibition of conidial germination on the body surface
Asymmetric Alkylthienyl Thienoacenes Derived from Anthra[2,3‑<i>b</i>]thieno[2,3‑<i>d</i>]thiophene for Solution-Processable Organic Semiconductors
Anthra[2,3-<i>b</i>]thieno[2,3-<i>d</i>]thiophene
(ATT), which is readily accessed from thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene and 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, allows for
selective substitution at the terminal thiophene ring, thereby providing
asymmetric monoalkyl and monoalkylthienyl thienoacenes. Alkyl-substituted
ATT (CnATT, <i>n</i> = 6, 8, 10, 12) has characteristics
of a p-type field-effect transistor (FET), with mobility on the order
of 0.01 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>, which is the same as ATT. Conversely, alkylthienyl-substituted
ATT (CnTATT, <i>n</i> = 6, 8, 10, 12) exhibits FET mobility
of 0.15–1.9 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>, which is up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of ATT and
CnATT. Moreover, CnTATT forms crystalline thin films both by spin
coating and drop casting, and C8TATT in particular exhibits a mobility
of up to 1.6 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> in the drop-cast film. X-ray diffraction patterns of CnTATT thin
films indicate that the molecules become oriented edge-on at the substrate
surface with a highly ordered structure in the in-plane direction.
Accordingly, CnTATT serves as a solution-processable p-type organic
field-effect transistor, where the additional thiophene ring contributes
significantly to the highly ordered thin-film structure and the high
carrier mobility
Asymmetric Alkylthienyl Thienoacenes Derived from Anthra[2,3‑<i>b</i>]thieno[2,3‑<i>d</i>]thiophene for Solution-Processable Organic Semiconductors
Anthra[2,3-<i>b</i>]thieno[2,3-<i>d</i>]thiophene
(ATT), which is readily accessed from thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene and 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, allows for
selective substitution at the terminal thiophene ring, thereby providing
asymmetric monoalkyl and monoalkylthienyl thienoacenes. Alkyl-substituted
ATT (CnATT, <i>n</i> = 6, 8, 10, 12) has characteristics
of a p-type field-effect transistor (FET), with mobility on the order
of 0.01 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>, which is the same as ATT. Conversely, alkylthienyl-substituted
ATT (CnTATT, <i>n</i> = 6, 8, 10, 12) exhibits FET mobility
of 0.15–1.9 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>, which is up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of ATT and
CnATT. Moreover, CnTATT forms crystalline thin films both by spin
coating and drop casting, and C8TATT in particular exhibits a mobility
of up to 1.6 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> in the drop-cast film. X-ray diffraction patterns of CnTATT thin
films indicate that the molecules become oriented edge-on at the substrate
surface with a highly ordered structure in the in-plane direction.
Accordingly, CnTATT serves as a solution-processable p-type organic
field-effect transistor, where the additional thiophene ring contributes
significantly to the highly ordered thin-film structure and the high
carrier mobility
Benzoquinone synthesis-related genes of Tribolium castaneum confer the robust antifungal host defense to the adult beetles through the inhibition of conidial germination on the body surface
Iridium-catalyzed dehydrogenative lactonization of 1,4-butanediol and reversal hydrogenation: New hydrogen storage system using cheap organic resources
Impact of pretreatment whole-tumor perfusion computed tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography measurements on local control of non–small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy
A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance
We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.Funding: the Tri-I Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (CBM) funded by NIH grant 1T32GM083937; GitHub; Philip Blood and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant number ACI-1548562 and NSF award number ACI-1445606; NASA (NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G), the NIH (R01AI151059, R25EB020393, R21AI129851, R35GM138152, U01DA053941); STARR Foundation (I13- 0052); LLS (MCL7001-18, LLS 9238-16, LLS-MCL7001-18); the NSF (1840275); the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151054); the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2015-13964); Swiss National Science Foundation grant number 407540_167331; NIH award number UL1TR000457; the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Stockholm Health Authority grant SLL 20160933; the Institut Pasteur Korea; an NRF Korea grant (NRF-2014K1A4A7A01074645, 2017M3A9G6068246); the CONICYT Fondecyt Iniciación grants 11140666 and 11160905; Keio University Funds for Individual Research; funds from the Yamagata prefectural government and the city of Tsuruoka; JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K10436; the bilateral AT-UA collaboration fund (WTZ:UA 02/2019; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, UA:M/84-2019, M/126-2020); Kyiv Academic Univeristy; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine project numbers 0118U100290 and 0120U101734; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017; the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya; the CRG-Novartis-Africa mobility program 2016; research funds from National Cheng Kung University and the Ministry of Science and Technology; Taiwan (MOST grant number 106-2321-B-006-016); we thank all the volunteers who made sampling NYC possible, Minciencias (project no. 639677758300), CNPq (EDN - 309973/2015-5), the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science – MOE, ECNU, the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through project 11215017, National Key RD Project of China (2018YFE0201603), and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) (L.S.