Automatización del Test de Bechdel-Wallace

A movie is considered to pass the Bechdel-Wallace if it satisfy three conditions: 1) there are at least two women characters that 2) talk to each other at some point 3) about something that is not related to a men. It is believed that about 40% of movies fail to pass the test. In spite of the great potential of this tool to make visible the gender inequality in cinema, since its introduction in 1995, an automatic version of it is still to be developed. That was the purpose of this work. The developed test enabled us, through the analysis of movie scripts obtained from the site imdb.com, obtain evidence that the number of movies that pass the test is even lower than previous estimations. Also, this program allows to analyse large sets of scripts as a function of the cinematographic genre.Una película pasa el Test de Bechdel-Wallace si cumple que 1) hay al menos dos mujeres en ella que 2) en algún momento hablan entre sí 3) acerca de algo que no es un hombre. Se cree que aproximadamente el 40 % de las películas actuales falla en el Test. A pesar del enorme potencial que tiene esta herramienta para hacer visible la desigualdad de género en el cine, no se ha desarrollado, desde su creación en 1985, una versión automática de la misma. Ese fue el propósito de este trabajo. El test desarrollado permitió, a través del análisis de los guiones del sitio imsdb.com, obtener evidencia de que la cantidad de películas que pasan el test es incluso menor a estimaciones previas. Además, este programa permite analizar grandes corpus de guiones en función del género cinematográfico

Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the measles resurgence in the Republic of Serbia in 2014-2015

The Republic of Serbia is a country with ongoing endemic transmission of measles. The aim of this study is to summarize the main characteristics of the measles resurgence that occurred in Serbia in 2014-2015. The national surveillance data on measles was analysed in relation to the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data. Between November 2014 and December 2015 a measles resurgence with 420 cases was observed in Serbia. Measles virus was initially introduced by and spread among citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina with temporary residence in Serbia, before spreading to the resident population. Of the 223 patients with available medical records, 173 (77.6%) were unvaccinated. The overall measles incidence during the outbreak was 5.8/100.000. The highest age-specific incidence rate was recorded in children aged lt = 4 years (25.9/100.000), but most cases (67.9%) were gt = 20 years old. Hospitalization rate was high (32.9%) and included two cases of encephalitis associated with measles. In total, 42 health-care workers and 22 related cases including hospitalized patients (n = 13) contracted measles. The overall percentage of laboratory confirmed cases was 81.7% (n = 343/420). All measles virus sequences except one (D9) belonged to genotype D8, suggesting interruption of transmission after the previous outbreak in 2010-2011 caused by genotype D4 viruses. The growing number of adult patients as compared to previous epidemics, suggests an urgent need for supplementary immunization activities targeting susceptible health care workers, unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated adults as well as people without vaccination records. The comprehensive investigation of the 2014/2015 measles resurgence will contribute to decisions about appropriate countermeasures to stop the future measles resurgences in Serbia

Eficácia e segurança da sedação consciente com óxido nitroso no tratamento pediátrico odontológico: uma revisão de estudos clínicos

Métodos: foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados do Pubmed/Medline e uma busca manual nas principais revistas da área. Toda via, não avaliando somente eficácia e segurança, mas também, comparando a sedação com óxido nitroso com as demais técnicas tradicionais, sendo usado este como complemento de técnicas ou analisando a diferenças na aplicação do óxido nitroso. Resultados: os estudos, demonstraram que a sedação consciente foi eficaz no tratamento odontopediátrico, sendo seguro quando realizado por profissionais treinados e qualificados para exercer esta aplicação em determinados pacientes, sendo que os mesmos devem ser corretamente avaliados se estão aptos a receber a sedação, nos demais resultados, foi obtido um bom atendimento, com diminuição do choro e estado alerta da criança, ao combinar por exemplo gestão comportamental com óxido nitroso, o medo diminuiu ainda mais, entretanto, não foi apresentado efeitos analgésicos na maioria dos casos e não houve diminuição no tempo de consulta com o uso do óxido nitroso, embora, também não requereu um número maior de seções. Conclusão: A sedação consciente com oxido nitroso foi uma técnica segura e eficaz para ser realizada em crianças, desde que o profissional seja habilitado e a criança apta para passar pelo processo de sedação

Measles situation in Serbia in an era of measles elimination (2007-2009)

Following the introduction of measles immunization in Serbia in 1971, measles outbreaks were recorded every 3 to 5 years until 1997. The outbreak in 1997 with 4000 cases was the last large outbreak in Serbia. In 2007, an outbreak with 191 laboratory confirmed or epidemiologically linked cases was reported in Vojvodina. In 2008 and 2009, only 3 cases were confirmed. From 2007-2009, measles infections were most frequently detected in the Roma population but also in non-immunized or partially immunized persons from the general population

Avaliação do nível de conhecimento de alunos de pós-graduação em radiologia e imaginologia sobre mucosite oral

Objetivo: este estudo observacional transversal objetivou avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas, alunos de pósgraduação em Radiologia e Imaginologia da Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic – Campinas sobre diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento de mucosite oral induzida pelo tratamento do câncer, por meio da aplicação um questionário. Metodologia: participaram da pesquisa 54 voluntários, cirurgiões dentistas, alunos de especialização e mestrado, que responderam um questionário desenvolvido para esta pesquisa, composto de questões para caracterização do entrevistado e questões para avaliar os conhecimentos sobre mucosite. Após a coleta, os dados obtidos foram tabulados no editor de planilhas Microsoft Office Excel e submetidos a uma análise estatística descritiva e analítica das variáveis coletadas. Resultados: revelaram que quanto à autoavaliação do conhecimento específico sobre mucosite oral foi “Regular” (44,6%) a resposta mais prevalente, seguida de “Bom” com 30,4%, “Insuficiente” com 17,9% e “Ótimo”, com 7,1%. Questionados sobre o contato com a mucosite oral na prática clínica, 62,5% dos voluntários (n:35) responderam não ter tido contato e 35,7% responderam ter tido contato com a mucosite oral (n:20). O local de conhecimento da condição foi na graduação (75%); e quanto à conduta 12,5% realizaria o tratamento e 64,3% encaminharia para um estomatologista; e 50% dos investigados relataram não ter tido orientação de prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral durante o curso de Graduação. Conclusão: pode se concluir que os entrevistados têm conhecimento teórico em nível médio (54,97%) sobre os conceitos mais gerais de mucosite oral; e a grande maioria (62,5%) não teve experiência clínica com esta patologi

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of Five Lichen Species

The antioxidative, antimicrobial and antiproliferative potentials of the methanol extracts of the lichen species Parmelia sulcata, Flavoparmelia caperata, Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes and Cladonia foliacea were evaluated. The total phenolic content of the tested extracts varied from 78.12 to 141.59 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GA)/g of extract and the total flavonoid content from 20.14 to 44.43 mg of rutin equivalent (Ru)/g of extract. The antioxidant capacities of the lichen extracts were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging. Hypogymnia physodes with the highest phenolic content showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging effect. Further, the antimicrobial potential of the lichen extracts was determined by a microdilution method on 29 microorganisms, including 15 strains of bacteria, 10 species of filamentous fungi and 4 yeast species. A high antimicrobial activity of all the tested extracts was observed with more potent inhibitory effects on the growth of Gram (+) bacteria. The highest antimicrobial activity among lichens was demonstrated by Hypogymnia physodes and Cladonia foliacea. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of the lichen extracts was explored on the colon cancer adenocarcinoma cell line HCT-116 by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) viability assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. The methanol extracts of Hypogymnia physodes and Cladonia foliacea showed a better cytotoxic activity than the other extracts. All lichen species showed the ability to induce apoptosis of HCT-116 cells

Strand-specific miR-28-5p and miR-28-3p have distinct effects in colorectal cancer cells

The authors thank Sue Moreau from the Department of Scientific Publications at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center for English language editing of the manuscript. Author contributions: Study concept and design: M.I.A., P.A.Z, G.A.C. Acquisition of data: M.I.A., L.Z., X.Z. Drafting of the manuscript: M.I.A., M.N., R.S., M.F., R.M.R., P.A.Z, G.A.C. Analysis and interpretation of data: M.I.A., M.N., R.S., R.M., P.A.Z, G.A.C. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: M.I.A., M.N., R.S., M.F., R.M.R., P.A.Z, G.A.C. Statistical analysis: M.I.A., C.I., L.X. Obtained funding: G.A.C. Administrative, technical, or material support: R.G., I.V., F.F., M.F., G.L. Study supervision: G.A.C. Drs Nicoloso and Spizzo are currently at the Division of Experimental Oncology, CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, ItalyBackground & Aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can promote or inhibit tumor growth and are therefore being developed as targets for cancer therapies. They are diverse not only in the messenger RNAs (mRNA) they target, but in their production; the same hairpin RNA structure can generate mature products from each strand, termed 5p and 3p, that can bind different mRNAs. We analyzed the expression, functions, and mechanisms of miR-28-5p and miR-28-3p in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods We measured levels of miR-28-5p and miR-28-3p expression in 108 CRC and 49 normal colorectal samples (47 paired) by reverse transcription, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The roles of miR-28 in CRC development were studied using cultured HCT116, RKO, and SW480 cells and tumor xenograft analyses in immunodeficient mice; their mRNA targets were also investigated. Results miR-28-5p and miR-28-3p were down-regulated in CRC samples compared with normal colon samples. Overexpression of miRNAs in CRC cells had different effects and the miRNAs interacted with different mRNAs: miR-28-5p altered expression of CCND1 and HOXB3, whereas miR-28-3p bound NM23-H1. Overexpression of miR-28-5p reduced CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, whereas miR-28-3p increased CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro. CRC cells overexpressing miR-28 developed tumors more slowly in mice compared with control cells, but miR-28 promoted tumor metastasis in mice. Conclusion miR-28-5p and miR-28-3p are transcribed from the same RNA hairpin and are down-regulated in CRC cells. Overexpression of each has different effects on CRC cell proliferation and migration. Such information has a direct application for the design of miRNA gene therapy trials.M.I.A. is supported by a PhD fellowship (SFRH/BD/47031/2008) from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal. G.A.C. is supported as a fellow by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Research Trust, The University of Texas System Regents Research Scholar, and the Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Global Research Foundation. Work in Dr Calin’s laboratory is supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA135444), the US Department of Defense, the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (2009 Seena Magowitz AACR Pilot Grant), and the US-European Alliance for the Therapy of Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia. STR DNA fingerprinting was done by the Cancer Center Support grant funded Characterized Cell Line core, NCI # CA16672