A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses

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Theme: Directly-elected mayors-international perspectives on practice

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Characterization of almond processing residues from the Central Valley of California for thermal conversion

Characterization of biomass relevant to thermochemical conversion processes and other applications is critical to the design and proper operation of energy conversion, biorefining, and other facilities, especially in regard to estimating critical problems related to fouling and slagging from ash constituents. Residue feedstock from almond production was obtained from seven huller and sheller facilities located throughout the Central Valley of California. Results of proximate (moisture, ash, volatile and fixed carbon content), ultimate (C, H, N, S, O composition), heating value, major and trace elements, and melting behavior analyses (all reported on a wt.% dry basis) reveal many similarities and also differences that potentially affect their utilization. The moisture content of air-dried feedstock is an average of 9.7% with only the separated hull material having a higher value (12.2%) and the fine component (1100 degrees C) suggested by pellet fusibility test. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.California Energy Commission; California Institute for Energy and the EnvironmentWe thank Kelly Covello of the Almond Hullers & Processors Association for arranging visits to member facilities throughout the state for interviews and sample collection. This work was funded in part by the California Energy Commission and the California Institute for Energy and the Environment. The XRF analyses were done by Activation Laboratories Ltd, Ontario, Canada, the INAA analyses at the UC Davis McClellan Nuclear Research Center, and the ICPMS analyses at the UC Davis Interdisciplinary Center for Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy