Oral manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus. A systematic review

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has become a global epidemic and presents many complications, usually proportional to the degree and duration of hyperglycemia. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the different oral manifestations associated with Diabetes Mellitus. Material and Methods: A MEDLINE search for “Diabetes Mellitus and oral manifestations” was performed. A further search was conducted for “diabetes” and its individual oral manifestation. Inclusion criteria were as follows: human clinical studies with a minimum of 30 patients; studies published in relevant scientific journals between January 1998 and January 2016. Nineteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed, assessing the strength of scientific evidence according to recommendations made by the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford (OCEBM), which permits adequate assessment of prevalence studies. Results: A total 3,712 patients (2,084 diabetics) were included in the studies reviewed. Of the 19 studies analyzed, 4 were longitudinal studies and 15 cross-sectional studies. Periodontal disease, periapical lesions, xerostomia and taste disturbance were more prevalent among diabetic patients. An association between diabetes and caries and mucosal lesions proved positive in 5 out of 10 studies. Conclusions: Despite multiple oral manifestations associated with DM, awareness of the associations between diabetes, oral health, and general health is inadequate. It is necessary for doctors and dentists to be aware of the various oral manifestations of diabetes in order to make an early diagnosis. Key words:Diabetes Mellitus, oral manifestations, oral pathology

Self-assembly and properties of a discrete water-soluble Prussian blue analogue FeII/CoIII cube: confinement of a water molecule in aqueous solution

Novel types of water-soluble anionic cubic cages, K4[{CoIII(Me3-Tacn)}4{FeII(CN)6}4] and Na4[{CoIII(Me3-Tacn)}4{FeII(CN)6}4] (Me3-Tacn = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), were prepared by means of a mechanistically designed self-assembly process between [Co(Me3-Tacn)Cl3] and A4[FeII(CN)6] (M = Na or K), consisting of a rate-limiting outer-sphere redox step, followed by a fast substitution/inner-sphere redox reaction sequence. These compounds show remarkable stability in aqueous solution at different pH ranges, displaying neat protonation processes and reversible oxidation with peroxodisulfate to its neutral {FeIII4CoIII4} form. Furthermore, the cages behave as a robust and water-soluble molecular Prussian Blue analogue capable of encapsulating {Na-OH2}+ pairs and K+ cations in aqueous solution, with the cubic structure of the complex being preserved. Substitution of the {Na-OH2}+ pairs by K+ is easily accomplished, and the electrochemical properties of the sodium and potassium salts of the new cages have been found to be dramatically dependent on the encapsulated units

Estado de salud y demanda de servicios de salud de la población ecuatoriana en España

Análisis del estado de salud y del grado de acceso a los servicios de salud de los inmigrantes ecuatorianos en la provincia de Alicante. La finalidad es descriptiva y práctica: realizar un diagnóstico comunitario de salud básico y una aproximación al nivel de demanda de los servicios sanitarios. El análisis se centra en la evaluación de la hipótesis del inmigrante sano, pero vulnerable, y en el tipo de consumo de servicios de salud realizado. Para valorar esta hipótesis se ha procedido a comparar los datos obtenidos en una encuesta a población ecuatoriana residente en la provincia de Alicante, con los de la última Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2003 y el PHOGUE (2000). Los resultados indican que el estado de salud de la población ecuatoriana es similar al de la población española que participa en el mismo mercado de trabajo que la inmigración económica (trabajadores con baja cualificación), aunque se observan algunos elementos de vulnerabilidad (en especial, en términos de salud emocional).La presente investigación ha sido financiada por el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ref. PI042287

High Temperature Long Period Grating Thermo-Mechanically Written

An optical fiber transducer able to work in high temperature environments is experimentally demonstrated in the laboratory. It is based on a permanent long period grating (LPG) written using a new technique based on a thermo-mechanical approach. Device precision was experimentally checked by means of repetitive thermal cycles between 25 and 950 °C. In addition device stability was assured by maintaining the temperature in steady state at 800 °C during 23 hours

The Network of Scientific Collaborations within the European Framework Programme

We use the emergent field of Complex Networks to analyze the network of scientific collaborations between entities (universities, research organizations, industry related companies,...) which collaborate in the context of the so-called Framework Programme. We demonstrate here that it is a scale--free network with an accelerated growth, which implies that the creation of new collaborations is encouraged. Moreover, these collaborations possess hierarchical modularity. Likewise, we find that the information flow depends on the size of the participants but not on geographical constraints.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Effects of occipital-atlas stabilization in the upper cervical spine kinematics: an in vitro study

This study compares upper cervical spine range of motion (ROM) in the three cardinal planes before and after occiput-atlas (C0–C1) stabilization. After the dissection of the superficial structures to the alar ligament and the fixation of C2, ten cryopreserved upper cervical columns were manually mobilized in the three cardinal planes of movement without and with a screw stabilization of C0–C1. Upper cervical ROM and mobilization force were measured using the Vicon motion capture system and a load cell respectively. The ROM without C0–C1 stabilization was 19.8° ± 5.2° in flexion and 14.3° ± 7.7° in extension. With stabilization, the ROM was 11.5° ± 4.3° and 6.6° ± 3.5°, respectively. The ROM without C0–C1 stabilization was 4.7° ± 2.3° in right lateral flexion and 5.6° ± 3.2° in left lateral flexion. With stabilization, the ROM was 2.3° ± 1.4° and 2.3° ± 1.2°, respectively. The ROM without C0–C1 stabilization was 33.9° ± 6.7° in right rotation and 28.0° ± 6.9° in left rotation. With stabilization, the ROM was 28.5° ± 7.0° and 23.7° ± 8.5° respectively. Stabilization of C0–C1 reduced the upper cervical ROM by 46.9% in the sagittal plane, 55.3% in the frontal plane, and 15.6% in the transverse plane. Also, the resistance to movement during upper cervical mobilization increased following C0–C1 stabilization

Does the persistence of sweet chestnut depend on cultural inputs? Regeneration, recruitment, and mortality in Quercus- and Castanea-dominated forests

[EN]Quercus secondary forests show a gradual transition toward mixed forests, with sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) becoming increasingly abundant in the western Spanish Central System.It shows a certain resistance to competitive displacement by Quercus pyrenaica.Sweet chestnut, Castanea sativa, is a component of European broadleaf forests and is one of the most managed trees.Our work aimed to identity the main factors that limit the establishment of C. sativa and to analyze the recruitment and mortality processes of C. sativa trees. The age, growth ring patterns, regeneration density, and the spatial structure of trees and saplings in 11 plots in the Spanish Central System were analyzed.s Chestnut seedling density increased with C. sativa basal area, but transition toward the sapling stage appeared limited owing to light availability. In Quercus pyrenaica secondary forests, sparse canopies did not constrain chestnut regeneration, and in old chestnut stands, C. sativa showed a certain resistance to competitive displacement. By contrast, mixed young coppices showed a high mortality, most likely due to competition with other vigorous resprouter

Conceptual maps as an instrument of continuous evaluation in the Organic Chemistry course of the First Year of Engineering

[ES] El aprendizaje de un contenido científico requiere tanto el conocimiento de los diferentes conceptos que éste incluye como la adecuada relación entre los mismos. Se hace pues necesaria la búsqueda de metodologías didácticas que favorezcan esa construcción de relaciones y significados. Los mapas de conceptos suponen una técnica sencilla que permite visualizar la estructura de conceptos, y de sus relaciones, que poseen los alumnos en una parcela determinada de conocimiento. Pueden ser, por tanto, un instrumento eficaz para valorar su evolución a lo largo de dicho proceso. En este trabajo se analiza la utilización de los mapas de conceptos como recurso didáctico para la evaluación continua  en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Química Orgánica del primer curso del Grado en Ingeniería Química Industrial de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena.[EN] The learning of a scientific content requires both the knowledge of the different concepts it includes and the proper relationship between them. It is therefore necessary to search for didactic methodologies that favour this construction of relationships and meanings. The concept maps suppose a simple technique that allows to visualize the structure of concepts, and of their relations, that the students possess in a determined plot of knowledge. They can be, therefore, an effective instrument to assess their evolution throughout this process. This paper analyzes the use of concept maps as a didactic resource for continuous assessment in the teaching-learning process of Organic Chemistry at the first year of the Degree in Industrial Chemical Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Cartagena.León Albert, G.; Angosto, J.; Miguel, B.; Fernández-López, J. (2020). Los mapas conceptuales como instrumento de evaluación continua en la asignatura Química Orgánica de Primer Curso de Ingeniería. Modelling in Science Education and Learning. 13(1):45-52. https://doi.org/10.4995/msel.2020.12404OJS4552131Ausubel, D. P. (2000). The acquisition and retention of knowledge: A cognitive view. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 212 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9454-7Feldine, J. (1983). "Concept mapping: A method for detection of possible student misconceptions". In Helm, H.; Novak, J.D. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Misconceptions in Science and Mathematics. Ithaca (USA): Cornell University Press.Glenn W. Ellis, Al Rudnitsky, Becky Silverstein. Using Concept Maps to Enhance Understanding in Engineering Education. Int. J. Eng. Ed., 2004, 20, 1012-1021.Hagell, P., Edfors, E., Hedin, G., Westergren, A. Group concept mapping for evaluation and devel-opment in nursing education. Nurse Educ. Pract., 2016, 20, 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.08.006Kelly, G.A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs. New York: Norton & Co. Inc. 556 pp.Kiliç, M., Çakmak, M. Concept maps as a tool for meaningful learning and teaching in chemistry education. Int. J. New Trends Educ.Implicat., 2013, 4, 152-164.Lopez, E., Kim, J., Nandagopal, K., Cardin, N., Shavelson, R. J., Penn, J. H. Validating the use of concept-mapping as a diagnostic assessment tool in organic chemistry: Implications for teaching. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2011, 12, 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1RP90018HMcClure, J.R., Sonak, B., Suen, H.K. Concept map assessment of classroom learning: reliability, validity and logistical practicality. J. Res. Sci. Teach., 1999, 36, 475-492. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2736(199904)36:43.0.CO;2-OMejri, A., Ghannouchi, S.A., Martinho, R.. Representing Business Process Flexibility using Concept Maps. Proced, Comp. Sci., 2016, 100, 1260-1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.164Novak, D., Gowin, D.B. (1988) Aprendiendo a aprender. Ed. Martínez Roca S.A. Barcelona. 228 pp.Öçal, M.F., Güler, G. Pre-service mathematics teachers' views about proof by using concept maps. Proced. Social Behav. Sci., 2010, 9, 318-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.157Robinson, W.R. A view from the science education research literature: Concept map assessment of classroom learning. J. Chem. Educ., 1999, 76, 1179-1180. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed076p1179Ruiz Primo, M.A,; Shavelson, R.J. Problems and issues in the use of concept maps in science assessment. J. Res. Sci. Teach., 1996, 33, 569-600. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2736(199608)33:63.0.CO;2-MTaşkin, M., Pepe, H., Taşkin, C., Gevat, C., Taşkin, H. The effect of concept maps in teaching sportive technique. Proced. Soc. Behav. Sci., 2011, 11, 141-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.01.049Torre, D. M., Durning, S. J., Daley, B. J. Twelve tips for teaching with concept maps in medical education. Medical Teacher, 2013, 35, 201-208. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2013.759644Turan-Oluk, N., Ekmekci, G. The effect of concept maps as individual learning tool on the success of learning the concepts related to gravimetric analysis. Chem. Educ. Res. Prac., 2018, 19, 819-833. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RP00079DWatson, M.K, Pelkey, J., Noyes, C., Rodgers, M. Assessing impacts of a learning-cycle-based module on students' conceptual sustainability knowledge using concept maps and surveys. J. Clean. Product., 2016, 133, 544-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.063Willerman, M., Mac Harg, R.A. The concept map as an advance organizer. J. Res. Sci. Teach., 1991, 28, 705-711. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.366028080

Dynamics of novel photoactive AgCl microstars and their environmental applications

In the field of micromotors many efforts have been taken to find a substitute for peroxide as fuel. While most approaches turn towards other toxic high energy chemicals such as hydrazine, we introduce here an energy source that is widely used in nature: light. Light is an ideal source of energy and some materials, such as AgCl, have the inherent property to transform light energy for chemical processes, which can be used to achieve propulsion. In the case of silver chloride, one process observed after light exposure is surface modification, which leads to the release of ions, generating chemo-osmotic gradients. Here we present endeavors to use those processes to propel uniquely shaped micro-objects of microstar morphology with a high surfaceto- volume ratio, study their dynamics and present approaches to go towards real environmental applications

Artistas y fotógrafos catalanes en Ecuador (1860-1939)

La presencia de migrantes catalanes en el Ecuador en el siglo pasado, si bien no fue numerosa, fue importante y trascendente en la vida social, económica, política y cultural del país. El objetivo de la presente investigación es explicar la trayectoria y principales obras de los artistas y fotógrafos catalanes en el primer tercio del siglo XX. Es una investigación de corte cualitativo y de carácter histórico, en la que se utilizó el método biográfico narrativo porque se analizó varias obras de artistas catalanes en el Ecuador y su influencia en el contexto en el que estos estuvieron inmersos. La técnica bibliográfica fue la empleada durante la investigación y dos son las preguntas científicas que la guiaron: ¿Cuál es la trayectoria de los artistas catalanes en el Ecuador? ¿Cuáles fueron las obras relevantes desarrolladas en el Ecuador por los artistas catalanes? La investigación concluye la presencia de diez artistas y fotógrafos catalanes destacados en el pais entre 1900 y 1939, quienes jugaron roles importantes en la definición del arte ecuatoriano contemporáneo