Potential use of cardoon oil for biodiesel production and its comparison with soybean oil

El cardo (silvestre y cultivado) es una especie con potencial para ser utilizado como cultivo energético con aprovechamiento integral para producción de biocombustible sólidos (pellets) y líquidos (bioetanol y biodiesel). Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron estudiar el perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de cardo mediante técnicas químicas específicas, y la comparación con el perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de soja. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el aceite de cardo presenta características adecuadas para ser destinado a la producción de biodiesel lo que permitiría la incorporación de un nuevo cultivo alternativo al circuito productivo-comercial con fines energéticos.Cardoon (wild and cultivated) is a species with potential to be fully used as an energy crop for solid (pellets) and liquid (bioethanol and biodiesel) biofuels production. The objective of this work was to study the fatty acids profile of cardoon oil by specific chemical techniques and its comparison with the fatty acids profile of Soybean oil. The results show that cardoon oil has suitable characteristics to be used for biodiesel production which would allow the incorporation of a new alternative crop to production circuit for energy purposes.Fil: Morero, Ana Carina. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, Bernardita. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Malik, Yair. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Mancini, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

Potencial utilización del aceite de cardo para producción de biodiesel y su comparación con el aceite de soja

Thistle (wild and cultivated) is a species with potential to be fully used as an energy crop whit full use for the production of solid and liquid (bioethanol and biodiesel) biofuels. The objective of this work was to study the fatty acids profile of cardoon oil by specific chemical techniques and its comparison with the fatty acids profile of Soybean oil. The results show that cardoon oil has suitable characteristics to be used for biodiesel production which would allow the incorporation of a new alternative crop to the production circuit for energy purposes.El cardo (silvestre y cultivado) es una especie con potencial para ser utilizado como cultivo energético con aprovechamiento integral para producción de biocombustible sólidos (pellets) y líquidos (bioetanol y biodiesel). Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron estudiar el perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de cardo mediante técnicas químicas específicas, y la comparación con el perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de soja. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el aceite de cardo presenta características adecuadas para ser destinado a la producción de biodiesel lo que permitiría la incorporación de un nuevo cultivo alternativo al circuito productivo-comercial con fines energéticos

Characterization of cardoon accessions as feedstock for biodiesel production

Diesel fuels have an essential function in industrial economies. In the last decade, several studies were conducted in order to find alternative sources of vegetables oils suitable to biodiesel conversion. The present work aimed to characterize the oil chemical composition in eleven different accessions of domestic and wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis and var. sylvestris, respectively) in order to evaluate its putative use as an alternative energy crop, with main focus in biodiesel production. No significant differences were measured between both botanical varieties for oil content; values of 20.80 ± 6.65% were found. The highest values were observed for the wild cardoon accessions “Uruguay Centro” (35.95%) and “Pergamino” (27.78%). The fatty acid composition was similar for both botanical varieties: palmitic (10.9%), stearic (3.0%), oleic (23.5%) and linoleic (61.3%). Comparing with traditional energy crops (soybean, sunflower and rapeseed) the cardoon fatty acid profile is similar to those obtained for soybean. Several biodiesel quality parameters were calculated or estimated over different oil samples. In this way, the acidity ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 mg OH/goil, showing differences among accessions but not between botanical varieties. “Cardo Blanco Peralta” and A-41 (cultivated cardoon) presented the lowest unsaturated degree, iodine values and oleic/linoleic acid relation in their oil; consequently, they showed the most suitable values for the biodiesel quality parameters (cetane number and kinetic viscosity). Based on seed oil composition, this characterization, allowed demonstrating that cardoon oil has appropriate characteristics to be used as feedstock for the production of biodiesel, as well as, to detect accessions with superior quality properties.Fil: Mancini, Micaela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Laboratorio de Fitovirología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, María Bernardita. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Malik, Yair Fernando. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Morero, Ana Carina. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Leskovar, Daniel Ivan. Texas A&M Agrilife Research Center; Estados UnidosFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

Comparison of different chamber techniques for measuring soil CO2 efflux

Twenty chambers for measurement of soil CO2 efflux were compared against known CO2 fluxes ranging from 0.32 to 10.01 molCO2 m−2 s−1 and generated by a specially developed calibration tank. Chambers were tested on fine and coarse homogeneous quartz sand with particle sizes of 0.05–0.2 and 0.6 mm, respectively. The effect of soil moisture on chamber measurementswas tested by wetting the fine quartz sand to about25%volumetricwater content. Non-steady-state through-flow chambers either underestimated or overestimated fluxes from−21 to+33% depending on the type of chamber and the method of mixing air within the chamber’s headspace. However, when results of all systems tested were averaged, fluxes were within 4% of references. Non-steady-state on-through-flow chambers underestimated or overestimated fluxes from –35 to +6%.On average, the underestimation was about 13–14% on fine sand and 4% on coarse sand. When the length of the measurement period was increased, the underestimation increased due to the rising concentration within the chamber headspace, which reduced the diffusion gradient within the soil. Steady-state through-flow chambers worked almost equally well in all sand types used in this study. They overestimated the fluxes on average by 2–4%. Overall, the reliability of the chambers was not related to the measurement principle per se. Even the same chambers, with different collar designs, showed highly variable results. The mixing of air within the chamber can be a major source of error. Excessive turbulence inside the chamber can cause mass flow of CO2 from the soil into the chamber. The chamber headspace concentration also affects the flux by altering the concentration gradient between the soil and the chamber