Human gut bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans

Open Access via the OUP Agreement Funding: Initial studies were funded from a Wellcome Institutional Strategic Support Fund (ISSF) Seed Corn Award [105625/Z/14/Z]. Thereafter, the research was funded by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) division. AJPB was supported by programme grants from the UK Medical Research Council (MR/M026663/1; MR/M026663/2) and by the Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology (MR/N006364/1; MR/N006364/2). Acknowledgements: We thank Dr Donna M. MacCallum for critical reading of the manuscript, the Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine at the University of Aberdeen for carrying out the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and Donna Henderson for GC analysis of bacterial fermentation acids. The authors also acknowledge the support of the Maxwell computer cluster funded by the University of Aberdeen.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Vybrane onemocneni ascendentniho kolonu s relativni indikaci pro operaci

The aim of the presented clinical study was to find out the incidence, symptomatology, diagnostics and therapy of the right dorsal colon impaction in the patients of the Clinic of Surgery and Orthopaedics. The right dorsal colon impaction was found out in the horses of various breeds, age and at both gender. The disease was found out to be a cause of acute as well as chronic and recurring colic in 7,98% of horses with colic. The intensity of abdominal pain and the degree of general health alteration varied quite considerably. Slight and intermittent abdominal discomfort with good general health condition was observed in some patients, while severe colic pain that did not resolve after analgesics was observed in the others. In some of the patients the health condition was markedly disturbed. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the rectal examination or surgical exploration of the abdominal cavity. The yield of the rectal palpation was limited by the availability of the right dorsal colon, small body dimension of some horses, severe pain and further physiologic of pathologic changes in the abdomen. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the rectal examination in 68,75% of the patients from the selected groupAvailable from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi

Chemokine Profiles Are Affected in Serum of Patients with Acute Rejection of Kidney Allograft

Kidney allograft transplantation improved the prognosis and quality of life of patients with end-stage renal diseases but the occurrence of acute rejection represents a limitation of the final outcome. Noninvasive biomarkers are needed as well as further advancements in the understanding of immune mechanisms of reaction to the allograft. Our study of 138 patients focused on one-year monitoring of serum concentrations of 12 chemokines regulating the recruitment of different immune cells into transplanted allograft and on in vitro regulation of the same chemokines release by interactions of renal proximal epithelial cells with monocyte/macrophage cell line stimulated with TNF alpha. In a group of 44 patients with acute rejection, higher serum pretransplant levels of CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL6, CCL2, CCL21, and particularly CXCL10 and CX3CL1(both p<0.001) were found suggesting their higher proinflammatory status as compared to subjects with the uncomplicated outcome. In samples collected at the day of biopsy positive for acute rejection, chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL11 attracting preferentially Th1 lymphocytes were found to be upregulated. In our in vitro model with TNF alpha induction, renal proximal epithelial cells seemed to be a more potent source of chemokines attracting neutrophils as compared to monocyte/macrophage cell line but the coculture of these cells potentiated release of neutrophilic chemokines CXCL5 and CXCL6. Similar augmentation of chemokine production was found also in the case of CCL2. On the other hand, adding of monocytes/macrophages to a culture of renal epithelial cells suppressed the release of CXCL10 and CXCL11 attracting T lymphocytes. We assume from our data that in kidney allograft transplantation, chemokines attracting neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and monocytes are induced simultaneously and measurement some of them in combination might be used as biomarkers of acute rejection. Mutual cell-cell interactions of immune cells with renal parenchyma seem to be important for fine regulation of chemokine release