Fiktion und Widersprüche: eine soziologische Analyse zu Basisbildung in Österreich

Wie nehmen Expert:innen aus der Basisbildung Personen mit Basisbildungsbedarf wahr? Wie gehen sie mit Stereotypen von Lai:innen um, die in der Regel nicht gut darüber informiert sind? Wie wird Wissen über geringe schriftsprachliche Kompetenzen reproduziert und auf welche Weise wird es zurückgewiesen? Diese Forschungsfragen wurden in einem soziologischen Forschungsprojekt aufgegriffen, das 2017 bis 2018 im Rahmen eines Erasmus+-Projekts des Bildungsministeriums durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse der Studie sollten einerseits den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs um Basisbildungsbedarf bereichern und andererseits das Ministerium bei der Gestaltung einer Kampagne im Bereich Basisbildung unterstützen. Elf Fokusgruppen mit Expert:innen, die entweder an Basisbildungskursen teilnehmen oder in ihrem beruflichen Kontext mit dem Thema zu tun haben, wurden mit zwei unterschiedlichen Zugängen analysiert: Ihr explizites Wissen wurde einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen, während Aspekte ihres impliziten Wissens mittels dokumentarischer Methode rekonstruiert wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die "Öffentlichkeit" über Basisbildung(sbedarf) nicht Bescheid weiß bzw. für eine Fiktion hält, aber sehr konkrete Vorstellungen dazu hat und Personen mit geringen schriftsprachlichen Kompetenzen mit einer Reihe an negativen Stereotypen konfrontiert werden.How do people who share expert knowledge perceive individuals with few reading and writing skills? How do they handle respective stereotypes from the public, who is generally badly informed about this issue? How is knowledge on illiteracy reproduced and in which ways is it rejected? Based on these research questions a sociological research project has been conducted in the context of an Erasmus+-project by the Federal Ministry for Education from 2017 to 2018. The project aimed at adding to the scientific discourse on illiteracy and people with few reading and writing skills. A second target was to provide insights for a campaign by the ministry on courses where reading, writing, mathematical or digital basic skills can be acquired. Eleven focus-groups with experts who either participate in such courses or who have professional insights were analyzed combining two qualitative methods: Qualitative content analysis allowed to investigate the explicit knowledge the experts share, while implicit aspects of this knowledge have been reconstructed applying the documentary method. Results show that people with low reading and writing skills are confronted with a range of negative stereotypes, while at the same time the public is not aware of illiteracy in Austria, or its existence is even neglected

Fiktion und Widersprüche. Eine soziologische Analyse zu Basisbildung in Österreich

Wie nehmen Expert:innen aus der Basisbildung Personen mit Basisbildungsbedarf wahr? Wie gehen sie mit Stereotypen von Lai:innen um, die in der Regel nicht gut darüber informiert sind? Wie wird Wissen über geringe schriftsprachliche Kompetenzen reproduziert und auf welche Weise wird es zurückgewiesen? Diese Forschungsfragen wurden in einem soziologischen Forschungsprojekt aufgegriffen, das 2017 bis 2018 im Rahmen eines Erasmus+-Projekts des Bildungsministeriums durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse der Studie sollten einerseits den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs um Basisbildungsbedarf bereichern und andererseits das Ministerium bei der Gestaltung einer Kampagne im Bereich Basisbildung unterstützen. Elf Fokusgruppen mit Expert:innen, die entweder an Basisbildungskursen teilnehmen oder in ihrem beruflichen Kontext mit dem Thema zu tun haben, wurden mit zwei unterschiedlichen Zugängen analysiert: Ihr explizites Wissen wurde einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen, während Aspekte ihres impliziten Wissens mittels dokumentarischer Methode rekonstruiert wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die „Öffentlichkeit“ über Basisbildung(sbedarf) nicht Bescheid weiß bzw. für eine Fiktion hält, aber sehr konkrete Vorstellungen dazu hat und Personen mit geringen schriftsprachlichen Kompetenzen mit einer Reihe an negativen Stereotypen konfrontiert werden. How do people who share expert knowledge perceive individuals with few reading and writing skills? How do they handle respective stereotypes from the public, who is generally badly informed about this issue? How is knowledge on illiteracy reproduced and in which ways is it rejected? Based on these research questions a sociological research project has been conducted in the context of an Erasmus+-project by the Federal Ministry for Education from 2017 to 2018. The project aimed at adding to the scientific discourse on illiteracy and people with few reading and writing skills. A second target was to provide insights for a campaign by the ministry on courses where reading, writing, mathematical or digital basic skills can be acquired. Eleven focus-groups with experts who either participate in such courses or who have professional insights were analyzed combining two qualitative methods: Qualitative content analysis allowed to investigate the explicit knowledge the experts share, while implicit aspects of this knowledge have been reconstructed applying the documentary method. Results show that people with low reading and writing skills are confronted with a range of negative stereotypes, while at the same time the public is not aware of illiteracy in Austria, or its existence is even neglected

Ru(ii)-Peptide bioconjugates with the cppH linker (cppH = 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid): synthesis, structural characterization, and different stereochemical features between organic and aqueous solvents

Three new Ru(ii) bioconjugates with the C-terminal hexapeptide sequence of neurotensin, RRPYIL, namely trans,cis-RuCl2(CO)2(cppH-RRPYIL-\u3baNp) (7), [Ru([9]aneS3)(cppH-RRPYIL-\u3baNp)(PTA)](Cl)2 (8), and [Ru([9]aneS3)Cl(cppH-RRPYIL-\u3baNp)]Cl (11), where cppH is the asymmetric linker 2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid, were prepared in pure form and structurally characterized in solution. The cppH linker is capable of forming stereoisomers (i.e. linkage isomers), depending on whether the nitrogen atom ortho (No) or para (Np) to the carboxylate on C4 in the pyrimidine ring binds the metal ion. Thus, one of the aims of this work was to obtain pairs of stereoisomeric conjugates and investigate their biological (anticancer, antibacterial) activity. A thorough NMR characterization clearly indicated that in all cases exclusively Np conjugates were obtained in pure form. In addition, the NMR studies showed that, whereas in DMSO-d6 each conjugate exists as a single species, in D2O two (7) or even three if not four (8 and 11) very similar stable species form (each one corresponding to an individual compound). Similar results were observed for the cppH-RRPYIL ligand alone. Overall, the NMR findings are consistent with the occurrence of a strong intramolecular stacking interaction between the phenol ring of tyrosine and the pyridyl ring of cppH. Such stacking interactions between aromatic rings are expected to be stronger in water. This interaction leads to two stereoisomeric species in the free cppH-RRPYIL ligand and in the bioconjugate 7, and is somehow modulated by the less symmetrical Ru coordination environments in 8 and 11, affording three to four very similar species

Impact of family history for endometriosis, migraine, depression and early menopause on endometriosis symptoms, localization and stage: A case control study

Introduction Endometriosis is a common disabling pain condition in women of childbearing age, frequently showing familial clustering. Nevertheless, little is known about whether familial predispositions influence its severity or presentation. In this study, we investigate disease characteristics in endometriosis patients with a family history (FH) for endometriosis or the comorbidities migraine, depression and early menopause (EMP). Materials and methods We performed an observational case-control study enrolling women with histologically confirmed endometriosis in a tertiary center. Based on surgical findings, patient records and phone interviews, we examined the relations between a FH for endometriosis, migraine, depression or EMP and endometriotic signs and symptoms, such as response to combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) and analgesics, disease localization, infiltration depth, Enzian- and rASRM-scores. Results A positive FH for endometriosis, migraine, depression or EMP was reported by 10.2 %, 33.4 %, 32.6 % and 9.9 % of the 344 patients. A positive FH of endometriosis was associated with an increased risk for high rASRM-scores (rASRM 3 + 4: OR 2.74 (95 % CI 1.16–6.49), p = 0.017) and the presence of endometriomas (OR 2.70 (1.22–5.95), p = 0.011). A positive FH for migraine was associated with less response of endometriosis symptoms to CHC (OR 0.469 (0.27–0.82) p = 0.025). Depression in the family was linked to less severe rASRM-scores (rASRM 3 + 4: OR 0.63 (0.39–0.99), p = 0.046) and less endometriomas (OR 0.58 (0.67–0.92), p = 0.02), but increased the risk of both migraine (OR 1.66 (1.01–2.73), p = 0.043) and depression (OR 3.04 (1.89–4.89), p 5 days of non-cyclic pain (OR 3.58 (1.72–7.44), p < 0.001). Conclusions Around 30% reported a positive FH for migraine or depression. Patients with a positive FH for endometriosis, migraine, depression or EMP differ in symptoms and surgical findings when compared to controls. While a FH for endometriosis is associated with higher rASRM scores and more endometriomas, women with a FH for depression had lower rASRM scores and less endometriomas while responding better to CHC. In contrast, women with a FH for migraine showed less response to CHC

Endometriosis features and dienogest tolerability in women with depression: a case-control study

Objective Primary aim of this study was to investigate endometriosis characteristics of patients with psychiatric conditions or depression. The secondary aim was to study tolerability of dienogest in this context. Methods This observational case-control study included endometriosis data from patients visiting our clinic from 2015–2021. We collected information from patient charts and in phone interviews based on a structured survey. Patients with surgical confirmed endometriosis were included. Results 344 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria: n = 255 no psychiatric disorder, n = 119 any psychiatric disorder and n = 70 depression. Patients with depression (EM-D, p=.018; p=.035) or psychiatric condition (EM-P, p=.020; p=.048) suffered more often from dyspareunia and dyschezia. EM-P patients had more often primary dysmenorrhoea with higher pain scores (p=.045). rASRM stage or localisation of lesions did not differ. EM-D and EM-P patients discontinued dienogest treatment more often related to worsening of mood (p= .001, p=.002). Conclusion EM-D or EM-P had a higher prevalence of pain symptoms. This could not be attributed to differences in rASRM stage or location of endometriosis lesions. Strong primary dysmenorrhoea might predispose to develop chronic pain-based psychological symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are relevant. Gynaecologist should be aware of the potential impact of dienogest on mood. SHORT CONDENSATION Women with endometriosis and psychiatric disorders especially have more dyschezia and dyspareunia, independent from rASRM stage, depth of infiltration and localisation of endometriosis lesions. Dienogest has an impact on mood especially in already prone patients

Politisches Entscheiden im Kalten Krieg

Wer sich für die krisenhaften Zuspitzungen in der Politik des Kalten Kriegs interessiert, kommt um eine Analyse der hinter diesen Prozessen liegenden Kulturen des Entscheidens nicht herum. Als Spitzenereignis steht die Kubakrise dafür, wie eine falsche Weichenstellung von Seiten der beteiligten Politiker die Welt in den Atomkrieg hätte führen können. »Wer als erster schießt, ist als zweiter tot«, so resümierte ein amerikanischer General das spieltheoretische Dilemma in diesen Jahrzehnten. Aber nicht nur im Militärischen, sondern auch in vielen anderen politischen Kontexten standen sich West und Ost politisch, ökonomisch und mit Blick auf die jeweilige Gesellschaftspolitik konfrontativ gegenüber und prägten in Abgrenzung und in Parallelität zueinander eigene Stile des Entscheidens. Die Konkurrenz zum jeweiligen Gegner, der Glaube an die Machbarkeit politischer Visionen und die Steuerung der Gesellschaft trieb die theoretischen wie auch praktischen Bemühungen dazu an. Wie die Politik in Ost und West in ihren Spitzen, aber auch in den untergeordneten Instanzen den Vorgang des Entscheidens konzipierte und durchführte, wie man sich bei diesen Prozessen von Experten aus Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft beraten ließ und auf welche Weise politische Institutionen Informationen aufnahmen und verarbeiteten – das sind die Kernfragen des vorliegenden Bandes, denen die Autorinnen und Autoren anhand verschiedener Fallbeispiele aus USA und UdSSR, BRD, DDR und Tschechoslowakei nachgehen

Irinotecan and temozolomide in combination with dasatinib and rapamycin versus irinotecan and temozolomide for patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma (RIST-rNB-2011): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial

Background Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour in children. Relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma is associated with a poor outcome. We assessed the combination of irinotecan–temozolomide and dasatinib–rapamycin (RIST) in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. Methods The multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2, RIST-rNB-2011 trial recruited from 40 paediatric oncology centres in Germany and Austria. Patients aged 1–25 years with high-risk relapsed (defined as recurrence of all stage IV and MYCN amplification stages, after response to treatment) or refractory (progressive disease during primary treatment) neuroblastoma, with Lansky and Karnofsky performance status at least 50%, were assigned (1:1) to RIST (RIST group) or irinotecan–temozolomide (control group) by block randomisation, stratified by MYCN status. We compared RIST (oral rapamycin [loading 3 mg/m2 on day 1, maintenance 1 mg/m2 on days 2–4] and oral dasatinib [2 mg/kg per day] for 4 days with 3 days off, followed by intravenous irinotecan [50 mg/m2 per day] and oral temozolomide [150 mg/m2 per day] for 5 days with 2 days off; one course each of rapamycin–dasatinib and irinotecan–temozolomide for four cycles over 8 weeks, then two courses of rapamycin–dasatinib followed by one course of irinotecan–temozolomide for 12 weeks) with irinotecan–temozolomide alone (with identical dosing as experimental group). The primary endpoint of progression-free survival was analysed in all eligible patients who received at least one course of therapy. The safety population consisted of all patients who received at least one course of therapy and had at least one post-baseline safety assessment. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01467986, and is closed to accrual. Findings Between Aug 26, 2013, and Sept 21, 2020, 129 patients were randomly assigned to the RIST group (n=63) or control group (n=66). Median age was 5·4 years (IQR 3·7–8·1). 124 patients (78 [63%] male and 46 [37%] female) were included in the efficacy analysis. At a median follow-up of 72 months (IQR 31–88), the median progression-free survival was 11 months (95% CI 7–17) in the RIST group and 5 months (2–8) in the control group (hazard ratio 0·62, one-sided 90% CI 0·81; p=0·019). Median progression-free survival in patients with amplified MYCN (n=48) was 6 months (95% CI 4–24) in the RIST group versus 2 months (2–5) in the control group (HR 0·45 [95% CI 0·24-0·84], p=0·012); median progression-free survival in patients without amplified MYCN (n=76) was 14 months (95% CI 9–7) in the RIST group versus 8 months (4–15) in the control group (HR 0·84 [95% CI 0·51–1·38], p=0·49). The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were neutropenia (54 [81%] of 67 patients given RIST vs 49 [82%] of 60 patients given control), thrombocytopenia (45 [67%] vs 41 [68%]), and anaemia (39 [58%] vs 38 [63%]). Nine serious treatment-related adverse events were reported (five patients given control and four patients given RIST). There were no treatment-related deaths in the control group and one in the RIST group (multiorgan failure). Interpretation RIST-rNB-2011 demonstrated that targeting of MYCN-amplified relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma with a pathway-directed metronomic combination of a multkinase inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor can improve progression-free survival and overall survival. This exclusive efficacy in MYCN-amplified, relapsed neuroblastoma warrants further investigation in the first-line setting. Funding Deutsche Krebshilfe

The German National Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies (2012-2017)

Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software Stata® and Excel. Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1–25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0–88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE- syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%—subcutaneous; 29%—intravenous; 1%—unknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy. Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P &lt; 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P &lt; 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe