Composición de dinoflagelados epífitos y forófitos en la Costa norte del golfo de Morrosquillo, Sucre, Colombia

To determinate the species composition and specificity of the epiphytic dinoflagellates to phorophytes of the northern coast of the Gulf of Morrosquillo (Sucre-Colombia), were established transects at five points where were collected macrophytes and floating elements for four months. From these, samples of epiphytes dinoflagellates were identified and quantified, in order to establish richness and abundance; In addition, a cluster analysis with Bray-Curtis distance was implemented to establish similarity between the sampling points. Six taxa were found: Prorocentrum lima, P. emarginatum, Ostreopsis ovata, O. lenticularis, Cabra cf. aremorica y Coolia sp. Cabra cf. aremorica which is a new record for Colombia and the South Caribbean. Ostreopsis was the most abundant genus, being a rare trend in the Caribbean, where the highest values are provided by Prorocentrum species. Four of the species found are potentially toxic, as they can cause diarrheal intoxication and ciguatera. Assemblages of epiphyte dinoflagellates from the northern coast of the Gulf of Morrosquillo were characterized by a low number of species and the dominance of Ostreopsis species.Con el objetivo de determinar la composición de especies y especificidad de los dinoflagelados epífitos hacia forófitos de la costa norte del Golfo de Morrosquillo (Sucre-Colombia), se establecieron transectos en cinco puntos donde fueron recolectadas macrófitas y elementos flotantes durante cuatro meses. A partir de estas, muestras de dinoflagelados epífitos fueron identificados y cuantificados, con el fin de establecer la riqueza y abundancia; además se implementó un análisis de conglomerados con distancia de Bray-Curtis para establecer similitud entre los puntos de muestreo. Se encontraron seis taxones: Prorocentrum lima, P. emarginatum, Ostreopsis ovata, O lenticularis, Cabra cf. aremorica y Coolia sp. Cabra cf. aremorica la cual es un nuevo registro para Colombia y el Caribe sur. El género que mayor abundancia aportó fue Ostreopsis, siendo una tendencia poco común en el Caribe, donde los mayores valores son aportados por especies de Prorocentrum. Cuatro de los taxones encontrados son potencialmente tóxicos (pueden ocasionar intoxicación diarreica y ciguatera). Los ensamblajes de dinoflagelados epífitos de la costa norte del Golfo de Morrosquillo, se caracterizaron por un bajo número de especies y la dominancia de las especies de Ostreopsis

Nuevas aportaciones a la flora de Andalucía: Sierra de Gádor, Almería (Andalucía, España). Nota II

New floristic records in Andalusia: Sierra de Gádor, Almería (Andalucía, Spain). Note II.Palabras clave. Flora, corología, Almería, Andalucía.Key words. Flora, corology, Almería, Andalusia

Biological control agents against Fusarium wilt of banana

Open Access JournalIn the last century, the banana crop and industry experienced dramatic losses due to an epidemic of Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) race 1. An even more dramatic menace is now feared due to the spread of Foc tropical race 4. Plant genetic resistance is generally considered as the most plausible strategy for controlling effectively such a devastating disease, as occurred for the first round of FWB epidemic. Nevertheless, with at least 182 articles published since 1970, biological control represents a large body of knowledge on FWB. Remarkably, many studies deal with biological control agents (BCAs) that reached the field-testing stage and even refer to high effectiveness. Some selected BCAs have been repeatedly assayed in independent trials, suggesting their promising value. Overall under field conditions, FWB has been controlled up to 79% by using Pseudomonas spp. strains, and up to 70% by several endophytes and Trichoderma spp. strains. Lower biocontrol efficacy (42–55%) has been obtained with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Bacillus spp., and non-pathogenic Fusarium strains. Studies on Streptomyces spp. have been mostly limited to in vitro conditions so far, with very few pot-experiments, and none conducted in the field. The BCAs have been applied with diverse procedures (e.g., spore suspension, organic amendments, bioformulations, etc.) and at different stages of plant development (i.e., in vitro, nursery, at transplanting, post-transplanting), but there has been no evidence for a protocol better than another. Nonetheless, new bioformulation technologies (e.g., nanotechnology, formulation of microbial consortia and/or their metabolites, etc.) and tailor-made consortia of microbial strains should be encouraged. In conclusion, the literature offers many examples of promising BCAs, suggesting that biocontrol can greatly contribute to limit the damage caused by FWB. More efforts should be done to further validate the currently available outcomes, to deepen the knowledge on the most valuable BCAs, and to improve their efficacy by setting up effective formulations, application protocols, and integrated strategies

Tolerancia a diferentes factores antinutritivos en lechones alimentados con guisantes de invierno (Pisum sativum) y alberjón (Vicia narbonensis) en la fase estárter

Se realizaron dos ensayos para evaluar el efecto de dietas con diferentes niveles de factores antinutritivos: inhibidores de tripsina y quimotripsina (UTI, UQI respectivamente, como unidades) de guisantes de invierno y ¿Glutamyl-S-Ethenyl-Cysteine de alberjón, en el rendimiento de lechones durante el periodo estárter. En cada uno se utilizaron 192 machos castrados, híbridos Duroc x (Large-White x Landrace), con 11,23 y 11,55 kg de peso medio respectivamente, e igual diseño: cuatro tratamientos y ocho réplicas cada una de seis lechones. Los tratamientos del Ensayo 1 fueron: Control: harina de soja 47 y soja extrusionada (0,97 UTI-1,94 UQI/mg de pienso); P-CAR: soja extrusionada y guisante Cartouche (1,62 UTI-3,16 UQI/mg de pienso); P-ICE: soja extrusionada y guisante Iceberg (3,09 UTI-4,95 UQI/mg de pienso); P-LUN: soja extrusionada y guisante Luna (3,19 UTI-5,56 UQI/mg de pienso). Los lechones del tratamiento P-CAR crecieron significativamente más que el resto, con igual consumo y conversión. No hubo diferencias entre Control, P-ICE y P-LUN. El pienso del Ensayo 2 incluía diferentes niveles de alberjón: 0%, 5%, 15% y 25%, y en consecuencia de ¿Glutamyl-S-Ethenyl-Cysteine (1,52% del grano). Los lechones del tratamiento 5% comieron y crecieron más, con igual conversión que los del tratamiento 0%. El rendimiento empeoró con porcentajes del 15% o mayores. Se concluye que lechones de 40 a 61 días de vida mantienen o mejoran el rendimiento con la ingesta de inhibidores de proteasas que exceden 3,28 y 2,86 veces, UTI y UQI respectivamente, los de una dieta de soja, y que la inclusión de 5% de alberjón en el pienso aumenta el consumo y el crecimiento. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of diets with different levels of anti-nutritional factors: trypsin (TIU) and chymotrypsin (CIU) inhibitors units of peas and ¿Glutamyl-S-Ethenyl-Cysteine (GEC) of narbon vetch, in productive performance of pigs from 40 to 61 days of age. 192 barrows were used in each test, Duroc hybrid x (Large White x Landrace), with 11.23 and 11.55 kg body weight respectively, and the same experimental design: four treatments and eight replicates with six piglets in each case. In trial 1 treatments were: Control: soybean meal 47 and soybean extruded (0.97 TIU-1.94 CIU/mg feed); P-CAR: soybean extruded and pea Cartouche (1.62 TIU-3.16 CIU/mg feed); P-ICE: soybean extruded and pea Iceberg (3.09 TIU-4.95 CIU/mg feed); P-LUN: soybean extruded and pea Luna (3.19 TIU-5.56 CIU/mg feed). The piglets of P-CAR treatment grew significantly faster than the others, with the same intake and feed conversion. No significant differences between Control, P-ICE and P-LUN. In trial 2 the feedstuff had different levels of narbon vetch: 0%, 5%, 15% and 25%, and consequently of ¿Glutamyl-S-Ethenyl-Cysteine (1.52% of the grain). The piglets that consumed the treatment of 5% had higher intake and growth, and the same conversion that piglets feeding with the treatment of 0%. The performance worsened significantly with increasing 15%. We conclude that piglets in starter period maintain or improve the performance with intake of proteases inhibitors in feedstuff that exceed 3.28 (TIU) and 2.86 (CIU) times those of a control diet, and that the inclusion of 5% of narbon vetch in feedstuff increases feed intake and growth

Invasión de la especie exótica Rugulopteryx okamurae en Andalucía: Estudios preliminares de la actividad fotosintética

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The ecology of peace : preparing Colombia for new political and planetary climates

ABSTRACT: Colombia, one of the world’s most species-rich nations, is currently undergoing a profound social transition: the end of a decadeslong conflict with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, known as FARC. The peace agreement process will likely transform the country’s physical and socioeconomic landscapes at a time when humans are altering Earth’s atmosphere and climate in unprecedented ways. We discuss ways in which these transformative events will act in combination to shape the ecological and environmental future of Colombia. We also highlight the risks of creating perverse development incentives in these critical times, along with the potential benefits – for the country and the world – if Colombia can navigate through the peace process in a way that protects its own environment and ecosystems

The competitiveness and sustainability of Scale-ups in Latin America

Este estudio es una revisión bibliográfica centrada en la relación de la competitividad y sostenibilidad de las Scale-Up en Latinoamérica, concepto entendido como la dinámica de crecer aceleradamente en función de la habilidad de mantener un desempeño similar o mayor en el modelo de negocio, ya sea incrementando o reduciendo los componentes y recursos. Se describe su tipología, en las cuales se encuentran la competitividad de las naciones, la competitividad empresarial y la competitividad industrial y se abordan sus diferentes dimensiones, la sostenibilidad económica, social y ecológica, dando alcance a una comprensión general y punto de vista global acerca de sus conceptualizaciones de manera unificada; dentro de este estudio también se analiza el emprendimiento asociado a la competitividad y a la dinámica empresarial

Role of small-sized phytoplankton in triggering an ecosystem disruptive algal bloom in a Mediterranean hypersaline coastal lagoon

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