Crioglobulinemia esencial como causa de hemorragia alveolar - reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Presentamos el caso de una paciente quien ingresa por la presencia de lesiones petequiales, artralgias y una úlcera en miembro inferior. La presencia de azoados en ascenso progresivo se documenta durante su estancia. Se instaura manejo con corticoide IV sin respuesta y se obtienen mejoría con plasmaféresis. Posteriormente se observa la presencia de deterioro del patrón respiratorio, disnea sumado a la presencia de compromiso pulmonar en parches por medio de tomografía de tórax y con evidencia de hemorragia alveolar. Se descartan causas autoinmunes e infecciosas, así como neoplasias hematológicas. Se concluye que la presencia de crioglobulinemia es la única causa de dicha entidad

Low in‑hospital mortality rate in patients with COVID‑19 receiving thromboprophylaxis: data from the multicentre observational START‑COVID Register

Abstract COVID-19 infection causes respiratory pathology with severe interstitial pneumonia and extra-pulmonary complications; in particular, it may predispose to thromboembolic disease. The current guidelines recommend the use of thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19, however, the optimal heparin dosage treatment is not well-established. We conducted a multicentre, Italian, retrospective, observational study on COVID-19 patients admitted to ordinary wards, to describe clinical characteristic of patients at admission, bleeding and thrombotic events occurring during hospital stay. The strategies used for thromboprophylaxis and its role on patient outcome were, also, described. 1091 patients hospitalized were included in the START-COVID-19 Register. During hospital stay, 769 (70.7%) patients were treated with antithrombotic drugs: low molecular weight heparin (the great majority enoxaparin), fondaparinux, or unfractioned heparin. These patients were more frequently affected by comorbidities, such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, previous thromboembolism, neurological disease,and cancer with respect to patients who did not receive thromboprophylaxis. During hospital stay, 1.2% patients had a major bleeding event. All patients were treated with antithrombotic drugs; 5.4%, had venous thromboembolism [30.5% deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 66.1% pulmonary embolism (PE), and 3.4% patients had DVT + PE]. In our cohort the mortality rate was 18.3%. Heparin use was independently associated with survival in patients aged ≥ 59 years at multivariable analysis. We confirmed the high mortality rate of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients in ordinary wards. Treatment with antithrombotic drugs is significantly associated with a reduction of mortality rates especially in patients older than 59 years

Clinical features and outcomes of elderly hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure or both

Background and objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) mutually increase the risk of being present in the same patient, especially if older. Whether or not this coexistence may be associated with a worse prognosis is debated. Therefore, employing data derived from the REPOSI register, we evaluated the clinical features and outcomes in a population of elderly patients admitted to internal medicine wards and having COPD, HF or COPD + HF. Methods: We measured socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics, severity and prevalence of comorbidities, clinical and laboratory features during hospitalization, mood disorders, functional independence, drug prescriptions and discharge destination. The primary study outcome was the risk of death. Results: We considered 2,343 elderly hospitalized patients (median age 81 years), of whom 1,154 (49%) had COPD, 813 (35%) HF, and 376 (16%) COPD + HF. Patients with COPD + HF had different characteristics than those with COPD or HF, such as a higher prevalence of previous hospitalizations, comorbidities (especially chronic kidney disease), higher respiratory rate at admission and number of prescribed drugs. Patients with COPD + HF (hazard ratio HR 1.74, 95% confidence intervals CI 1.16-2.61) and patients with dementia (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.06-2.90) had a higher risk of death at one year. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed a higher mortality risk in the group of patients with COPD + HF for all causes (p = 0.010), respiratory causes (p = 0.006), cardiovascular causes (p = 0.046) and respiratory plus cardiovascular causes (p = 0.009). Conclusion: In this real-life cohort of hospitalized elderly patients, the coexistence of COPD and HF significantly worsened prognosis at one year. This finding may help to better define the care needs of this population

Frequency of tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV infected patients from Bogota, Colombia

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species in the HIV-infected patient population in Colombia was uncertain despite some pilot studies. We determined the frequency of isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and of non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species in diverse body fluids of HIV-infected patients in Bogota, Colombia. METHODS: Patients who attended the three major HIV/AIDS healthcare centres in Bogota were prospectively studied over a six month period. A total of 286 patients were enrolled, 20% of them were hospitalized at some point during the study. Sixty four percent (64%) were classified as stage C, 25% as stage B, and 11% as stage A (CDC staging system, 1993). A total of 1,622 clinical samples (mostly paired samples of blood, sputum, stool, and urine) were processed for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain and culture. RESULTS: Overall 43 of 1,622 cultures (2.6%) were positive for mycobacteria. Twenty-two sputum samples were positive. Four patients were diagnosed with M. tuberculosis (1.4%). All isolates of M. tuberculosis were sensitive to common anti-tuberculous drugs. M. avium was isolated in thirteen patients (4.5%), but only in three of them the cultures originated from blood. The other isolates were obtained from stool, urine or sputum samples. In three cases, direct AFB smears of blood were positive. Two patients presented simultaneously with M. tuberculosis and M. avium. CONCLUSIONS: Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium infections are frequent in HIV infected patients in Bogota. The diagnostic sensitivity for infection with tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be increased when diverse body fluids are processed from each patient

Qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde, percepção de doença, felicidade e emoções negativas em pacientes com diagnóstico de artrite reumatoide

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar as relações entre a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde (QVRS), a percepção de doença, a felicidade, a ansiedade e a depressão em 62 pacientes com diagnóstico de artrite reumatoide da cidade de Bogotá, Colômbia. O estudo foi descritivo correlacional; utilizaram-se os instrumentos Escala de qualidade de vida em artrite reumatoide (QDV-RA), Questionário de Percepção de Doença (IPQ-B), Escala Subjetiva de Felicidade (SHS) e Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HAD); e como resultados verificou-se que houve uma favorável CVRS nestes pacientes possivelmente devido à presença de algumas dimensões do QOL-RA, como o apoio, a vida social e o estado de ânimo, os quais demonstraram ter um impacto importante sobre a qualidade de vida. Com o modelo de regressão linear múltipla verificou-se um peso negativo para a ansiedade e um positivo para a felicidade com o QDV-RA. Conclui-se que estes fatores psicológicos negativos e positivos têm um peso relevante sobre a percepção de qualidade de vida dos pacientes com AR.El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar las relaciones entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), la percepción de enfermedad, la felicidad, la ansiedad y la depresión en 62 pacientes con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo correlacional; se utilizaron los instrumentos Escala de calidad de vida en artritis reumatoide (QOL-RA), Cuestionario de Percepción de Enfermedad (IPQ-B), Escala Subjetiva de Felicidad (SHS) y Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HAD); y como resultados se encontró que hubo una favorable CVRS en estos pacientes posiblemente debido a la presencia de algunas dimensiones del QOL-RA, como el apoyo, la vida social y el estado de ánimo, los cuales han demostrado tener un impacto importante sobre la calidad de vida. Con el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple se encontró un peso negativo para la ansiedad y uno positivo para la felicidad con el QOL-RA. Se concluye que estos factores psicológicos negativos y positivos tienen un peso relevante sobre la percepción de calidad de vida de los pacientes con AR.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between quality of life related to health, illness perception, happiness, anxiety and depression in 62 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The study design was descriptive correlational. Instruments: The Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis Scale -QOL-RA, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire -IPQ-B, Subjective Happiness Scale -SHS and The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale -HADS. Results: There was a high quality of life related to health in these patients, as some domains of QOL-RA such as support, social life and mood have demonstrated a significant impact on HRQOL. In the multiple linear regression model negative weight of anxiety and positive happiness with QOL-RA were appreciated. Conclusion: psychological factors such as anxiety and happiness have significant weight on the perceived quality of life of patients with RA

Colombian consensus for stratification, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in adults patients with renal transplant

El citomegalovirus es una de las principales causas de infección y enfermedad en receptores de trasplante renal, con un notorio impacto en términos de morbilidad, mortalidad y costos. Sin embargo, no existe en Colombia una práctica clínica estandarizada entre los centros de trasplante, por lo cual, es de suma importancia disponer de guías con el fin de orientar la estratificación, el diagnóstico de laboratorio, el tratamiento y la prevención de la infección y enfermedad por citomegalovirus en pacientes adultos con trasplante renal. A través de la metodología ADAPTE para la evaluación de calidad y transculturización de guías de práctica clínica a nuestro medio, un grupo multidisciplinario realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura: se seleccionaron las guías internacionales, las cuales fueron evaluadas con el instrumento AGREE II en términos de calidad. Con la guía base seleccionada se buscó la evidencia existente para contestar a las preguntas, de acuerdo con el método de desarrollo de recomendaciones GRADE. Se realizaron recomendaciones para la estratificación, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la prevención de la infección y enfermedad por citomegalovirus en pacientes adultos con trasplante renal en Colombia.Q4Artículo de revisión250-264Cytomegalovirus is a primary cause of infection and illness in patients who have had renal transplantation, with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and economic costs. However, there is no standardized clinical practice in transplant centers in Colombia, and it is important to have guidelines to stratify, diagnose, treat and prevent cytomegalovirus infection and disease. Through ADAPTE's methodology for the quality evaluation and adaptation of clinical practice guidelines in our setting, a multidisciplinary group carried out a systematic review of the medical literature, selecting international guidelines that were evaluated with the AGREE-II instrument in terms of quality. With each selected guideline, an evidence table was constructed and the GRADE strategy was performed to develop recommendations. Recommendations related to stratification, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infections and disease caused by cytomegalovirus in adult transplant patients were developed

Recomendaciones sobre la valoración integral y multidimensional del anciano hospitalizado. Posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna

Este documento de posicionamiento describe los aspectos más relevantes e imprescindibles sobre la valoración integral y multidimensional del anciano hospitalizado. El cambio del patrón demográfico y del perfil epidemiológico de las enfermedades requiere una adaptación de los Servicios de Medicina Interna, que tengan en cuenta las vulnerabilidades de las personas ancianas en este contexto. Una valoración integral y multidimensional y la elaboración multidisciplinar de un plan de atención durante el ingreso pueden tener un impacto para evitar mortalidad, discapacidad e institucionalización al alta. Es necesario que todos los internistas adquiramos competencias para mejorar la experiencia de la hospitalización en la persona mayor y obtengamos mejores resultados en salud en nuestros pacientes. Este documento lo ha desarrollado el Grupo Focal de Envejecimiento y el Grupo de Trabajo de Pluripatología y Edad Avanzada, y está avalado por la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna. This position paper describes the most relevant and essential aspects of a comprehensive, multidimensional assessment of hospitalized elderly people. The change in demographic patterns and the epidemiological profiles of diseases makes it necessary for internal medicine departments to adapt in order to take into account the vulnerabilities of the elderly in this context. A comprehensive, multidimensional assessment and the multidisciplinary development of a care plan during hospitalization can have an impact in terms of preventing mortality, disability, and institutionalization at discharge. It is necessary for all internists to acquire skills to improve the hospitalization experience in the elderly and obtain better health outcomes in our patients. This document has been developed by the Focus Group on Aging and the Polypathological and Advanced Age Working Group and endorsed by the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine