PHYTO-MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI ON DIABETES: A REVIEW

Diabetes is a major public health problem which has been increasing day by day throughout the world with an alarming rate. In recent years, several plant extracts have been examined for their anti-diabetic properties to identify alternative treatment strategies that pose less risk for diabetes. It has been shown that different parts of these plants are collected from diverse regions and administered in different pharmaceutical preparations. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the phytochemicals present in S. cumini plants and their potent anti-diabetic activity, toxicological and biological effects of these plant extracts, their current state, limitation and future prospects in developing countries that are not included in the European Pharmacopoeia. In addition, a prospective research result of synergistic use of this plant with other plant (Ficus racemosa) done presently in our laboratory has been included. Based on the available evidence, we highlight the ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed and provide scientific evidence for the discovery of novel leads for herbal drug development

Factors Affecting the Job Satisfaction of the Bank Employees in Bangladesh: A Study in Mymensingh City

Job satisfaction is when an employee has a positive attitudes or feelings towards his work and shows strong interest in working to achieve an organization goal.  Employee job gratification is very indispensable for every organization because its triumphcompletely depend on worker’s veneration towards the organization. As the backbone of a country’s economy is the banking institution, this paper tries to inquire the factors which affecting employees job satisfaction of bank in Mymensingh city, Bangladesh. A structured form of questionnaire is conducted to gather information for this paper. A regression analysis is conducted using SPSS version 26 to discoverthe factors contributing towards the employee’s job satisfaction by the researchers.  Reliability test has been applied for ensuring the relevance of data and descriptive statistics has been employed identify the condition of the variables. This study revealed that salary, training facilities, recognition, benefits, working environment, incentives, career growth opportunities, and relationship with co-workers have a straightconnection with the satisfaction of employees in the job. The findings of this investigation will help the decision makers to formulate policy in the development of banking sector. Besides, the future research direction will help the academics to find out the new endeavor regarding job satisfaction. Keywords: Job Satisfaction, Bank Employee, Banking Industry, Bangladesh, Regression Analysis. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-12-04 Publication date:June 30th 202

Performances of improved and traditional rice based jhum cultivation in a hill district of Bangladesh

Jhum is a customary farming which is very important for the livelihood of the alpine people of Bangladesh. Total productivity of the traditional practice of jhum cultivation is very low. The study was conducted to identify the yield gap between improved and local practices in Bandarban district of Bangladesh during March to September; 2017.The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with ten replications. Improved jhum practice produced the higher yields of rice (3113kg/ha), seed cotton (456 kg/ha), sesame (478 kg/ha) and maize (627 kg/ha) than traditional local jhum. Rice Equivalent Yield (REY) was also higher (40.23%) in improved jhum (6786.8kg/ha) than local jhum (4339.8 kg/ha). Improved jhum’s rate of returns (2.15) was higher than traditional jhum’s rate of returns (1.56). Improved practice in jhum cultivation increased yield and it was economically profitable over traditional practice

Magnitudes of households’ carbon footprint in Iskandar Malaysia: Policy implications for sustainable development

The carbon footprint of households is a significant contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 24% of total emissions. As a result, it is critical to quantify a household’s carbon footprint in order to reduce it over time. One of the best ways to measure carbon emitted from various sectors of the economy, including household daily activities, is to calculate a country’s carbon footprint (CF). This study statistically examined the magnitude of households’ carbon footprints and their relationships with household daily activities and certain socio-economic demographic variables in Malaysia. Results revealed that the average household carbon footprint amounted to 11.76 t-CO2. The average also showed that the primary carbon footprint, 7.02 t-CO2 or 59.69% was higher compared to the secondary carbon footprint which was 4.73 t- CO2 or 40.22% and assessment revealed significant differences among household types. The largest carbon footprint was evident in a medium-high cost urban area, estimated at 20.14 t-CO2, while the carbon footprint found in a rural area was 9.58 t-CO2. In the latter, the primary carbon footprint was almost double the figure of 5.84 t-CO2 (61%) than the secondary carbon footprint of 3.73 t-CO2 (39%). The study reveals a higher carbon footprint in urban areas compared to rural ones depicting the effects of urbanisation and urban sprawl on household lifestyles and carbon footprints. Despite some limitations, the findings of this study will help policymakers design and implement stronger policies that enforce low-carbon activities and energy-saving goods and services in order to reduce urban Malaysia’s carbon footprint dramatically

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Hazardous effects of smoke and smokeless mosquito coils on the fertility and respiratory functions in rats

Although the same pyrethroid insecticide is impregnated in smoke and non-smoke coils, the non-smoke one emits fewer PICs (products of incomplete combustion) due to its different base materials, hence gaining popularity among the enlightened. However, the impacts of non-smoke mosquito coils on the respiratory and male reproductive systems in an insufficiently ventilated room simulating human's closed bedrooms is yet to reveal. In this experiment, a total of eighteen male rats (age: 10-12 weeks) were randomly divided into three groups, each group containing six animals. The control group was exposed to normal environmental air, the non-smoke coil group inhaled D-transallethrin based coil smoke in a closed atmosphere and the smoke group was exposed to meperfluthrin based coil smoke in a well-ventilated room, for 8 hours per night. After 4 weeks of exposure, sperm parameters as well as testicular and pulmonary histopathology were accessed. The findings indicated that both mosquito coils considerably deteriorated sperm quality along with testicular and pulmonary architecture, with little distinction between them. Furthermore, the degenerated seminiferous tubules and distorted respiratory bronchioles lead us to conclude that if the room is not well-ventilated, the pollutants produced by burning non-smoke mosquito coils greatly exceed and it becomes as deleterious as conventional smoke emitting ones for the respiratory and male reproductive system. [J Bangladesh Agril Univ 2022; 20(4.000): 407-412

SYZYGIUM CUMINI DEPARTS THE NEGATIVES OF THE ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETES IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

Background: Because of the unfavorable side effects and higher cost of synthetic anti-diabetic medicines, an alternative approach to manage diabetes mellitus from an herbal source would be safe and within the affordability of the common people. Hence we investigated the hypoglycemic and pancreatic islets restoration effect of Syzygium cumini seed extract using glibenclamide as positive control. Methods: Six (06) normal control mice and eighteen (18) alloxan induced diabetic mice grouped as diabetic control, Syzygium cumini and standard drug, were used for this experiment. In comparison to a reference drug-glibenclamide (@600μg/kg body weight), Syzygium cumini seed ethanolic extract (@500mg/kg body weight) was given orally once daily for thirty days to counteract alloxan induced alteration in blood glucose level and pancreatic cells morphology. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was evaluated at 15 days intervals, whereas mice were ethically sacrificed to collect pancreas at the completion of the experiment and processed for histological examination. Results: Research results revealed that in both the Syzygium cumini and standard drug treated groups, FBG level were significantly lower than the diabetic control group (P < 0.05). Histologically, smaller islets and necrosis, present in the pancreas of diabetic mice were returned to normal following treatment with Syzygium cumini seed extract and standard anti-diabetic drug. Conclusion: Syzygium cumini seed extract could be recommended as anti-diabetic for humans and animals especially in developing and under developed countries where this plant is readily available and affordable

Climate change and COVID-19: shared challenges, divergent perspectives, and proposed collaborative solutions

Pandemics leave their mark quickly. This is true for all pandemics, including COVID-19. Its multifarious presence has wreaked havoc on people's physical, economic, and social life since late 2019. Despite the need for social science to save lives, it is also critical to ensure future generations are protected. COVID-19 appeared as the world grappled with the epidemic of climate change. This study suggests policymakers and practitioners address climate change and COVID-19 together. This article offers a narrative review of both pandemics' impacts. Scopus and Web of Science were sought databases. The findings are reported analytically using important works of contemporary social theorists. The analysis focuses on three interconnected themes: technology advancements have harmed vulnerable people; pandemics have macro- and micro-dimensions; and structural disparities. To conclude, we believe that collaborative effort is the key to combating COVID-19 and climate change, while understanding the lessons learnt from the industrialised world. Finally, policymakers can decrease the impact of global catastrophes by addressing many socioeconomic concerns concurrently

Climate Change Adaptation Policy Guidelines for Agricultural Sector in Malaysia

Climate Projection shows the impacts of climate change on agricultural sustainability and relevant livelihood sustainability is vulnerable in Malaysia. Here mitigation is necessary but adapting to future risk is more important for immediate and long term action relating to the larger number of stakeholders in local scale. Generally adaptation policy has different levels and approaches that related with different challenges. Several countries have already prepared their adaptation approaches in their own way. Malaysia is on the way to develop its adaptation policy for last couple of years. This paper focuses on few guidelines that need to examine carefully while determining the climatic change adaptation approach for agricultural sector in Malaysia