The debt of heroism : an initial test of the legacy attained by social transaction (last) model

Rhetoric surrounding heroes suggests their contributions create a sense of indebtedness and that they deserve to be awarded a legacy for such contributions. Utilizing a novel theoretical framework, coined the legacy attainment by social transaction (LAST) model, the psychological reality of these claims are submitted to empirical scrutiny. The question concerning heroes' potential to elicit indebtedness and efforts to clear such debt are explored via three studies. Study 1 examines whether heroic contributions that are unrepaid result in greater tolerance of a transgression. Study 2 examines whether thinking about a hero and being led to feel indebted to them prompts repayment via a legacy, and whether such indebtedness has negative consequences for self-esteem and negative affect. Finally, Study 3 examines whether heroic contributions that are unrepaid promote a greater recall of information pertaining to the hero, potentially facilitating their legacy

Domain coverage and criteria overlap across digital health technology quality assessments: a systematic review

Background: Digital health technologies (DHTs) have the potential to improve health outcomes and increase health system efficiency. However, to obtain these benefits, it is necessary to distinguish between high- and low-quality DHTs across domains such as effectiveness, clinical safety, data privacy, and usability. For this purpose, numerous DHT quality assessments have been developed. This review aimed to examine the background characteristics, domain coverage, and criteria overlap of such assessments. Methods: Assessment frameworks were identified through systematic searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and PsychINFO. Evaluation criteria of eligible assessments were extracted, and each criterion was assigned to one of twelve domains. The percentage of criteria included in each domain was compared across frameworks with different characteristics using Mann-Whitney U tests. Additionally, criteria overlap was examined among health system and government led third-party assessments. Results: The literature search identified 130 assessment frameworks that met eligibility criteria. Higher relative criteria coverage of the clinical safety and/or data privacy domains was observed for assessments that were published after, rather than in or before, 2016 (P privacy= .030), and that were developed with, rather than without, patient (P safety= .006; P privacy= .034) or healthcare professional (P safety= .005; P privacy= .015) input. Among health system and government led third-party assessments, the highest median criteria overlap was observed in the credibility domain at 78.2%, followed by the data privacy domain at 64.0%. The domains of security and technical robustness demonstrated the lowest criteria overlap at 42.1% and 30.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The observed differences in domain coverage based on stakeholder input and publication date highlight the importance of considering different perspectives and current best practices when developing and updating DHT quality assessments. Moreover, while the high criteria overlap found in some domains is encouraging, low overlap in other areas raises concerns regarding duplicated work and potential discrepancies in evaluation results, if a given DHT needs to meet varying standards across different assessments. To address these concerns, it would be beneficial for assessment owners to agree on a set of baseline criteria, which could be supplemented with separately-scored, context-specific criteria as needed. This would streamline evaluation processes and increase trust in assessment outcomes, thereby driving the adoption of high-quality DHTs and ultimately improving patient care quality and safety

Gothic Vancouver: Blood Ties and vampire television

Vancouver is not necessarily the first topic that springs to mind when discussing the production of vampire television. In an attempt to remedy this, the vampire television series Blood Ties (2007) is considered in relation to its Canadian production context. I explore the series' political economy within an international framework (its production and distribution in Canada and its scheduling/exhibition and reception in the UK), suggesting that the Canadian qualities of the series are often wilfully ignored in distribution and reception. The ultimate failure of the series (running for only one season) is then located in relationship to the recent explosion of vampire fiction on domestic screens, where I suggest that Blood Ties inspires a form of Gothic television distinct from the American vampire series True Blood (2008-)