Overground vs. Treadmill Running: Do Runners Use the Same Strategy to Adjust Stride Length and Frequency While Running at Different Velocities?

Running speed is determined by stride frequency and stride length. As running speed is adjusted, runners make greater adjustments in stride length at slower speeds with a shift to stride frequency adjustments at the faster speeds. The relationship between stride frequency and stride length is largely based on overground research which leads to the purpose of this study to analyze whether the connection of stride frequency and stride length will adjust similar due to changes in running velocity during overground and treadmill running. The protocol was recently approved by The Institutional Review Board and data collection is currently in progress; - thus the following present abstract does not contain data. In order to compare runner’s gait pattern responses to velocity changes, two wearable technologies (Garmin Fenix2, Garmin, Kansas, USA; runScribe, Scribe Lab, San Francisco, USA) designed to measure stride length and stride frequency will be utilized. Subjects will run at a variety of velocities overground and then on the treadmill with speeds ranging from slow, preferred, and fast. The main dependent variables will be stride frequency and stride length. The null hypothesis is: The relationship between stride length and stride frequency is similar while running overground and on a treadmill at different velocities. The results of this study will be helpful to runners as well as development of wearable technology used to quantify run metrics

Is the relationship between stride length, frequency, and velocity influenced by running on a treadmill or overground?

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1067-1075, 2017. The purpose of the study was to compare the relationship between stride length (SL), stride frequency (SF), and velocity while running on a treadmill and overground. Participants (n=10; 22.3±2.6 yrs; 1.71±.08 m; 71.4±15.5 kg) completed a total of 14 runs (7 treadmill, 7 overground) with each run at a different velocity. SL, SF, and velocity data were recorded using wearable technology (Garmin, Fenix2). The outdoor trials occurred first. The treadmill velocities were selected to match the range of velocities used overgroud. SL vs. velocity plots were generated for treadmill and overground data for each participant and fit with a 2nd order polynomial in the form of SL=Av2+Bv+C. Each equation coefficient (i.e., A, B, C) was averaged across participants and compared between treadmill and overground using paired t-tests. The A coefficient (v2 term) was different treadmill vs. overground (p=0.031). Neither B (p=0.136) nor C (p=0.260) coefficients were different treadmill vs. overground. It was concluded that the A coefficient (v2 term) for SL vs. velocity was larger during overground vs. treadmill running. This is an indication that the strategy of changing SL across velocities was different when on the treadmill vs. overground. Specifically, while running on a treadmill, SL continued to increase in a more linear manner than when running overground

Junior Recital: Alicia Joy Mata Cruz, French Horn; Allison Hoffman, French Horn; Daniel G. Castillon III, French Horn; Tiffany Ogdon Smith, Piano; April 10, 2023

Kemp Recital HallApril 10, 2023Monday Evening7:30 p.m

Afectación del desarrollo psicosocial y el impacto en la incidencia de enfermedades infecciosas en niños y adolescentes a causa del confinamiento por COVID-19

The SARS-CoV virus is the agent responsible for the disease known as COVID-19, and in turn, for the pandemic that began in early 2020. During the pandemic, with the goal of slowing the spread of the virus, government officials put sanitary measures into effect, such as confinement and the closure of academic institutions. These last two sanitary measures impair the psychosocial development of children and adolescents. This article consists of a bibliographical review on the affectation of mental health in this population as a result of confinement, also, social affectation in the following areas will be reviewed; education, economy and domestic violence. Early recognition of these psychosocial affectations is of great importance in order to provide a concise approach and reference to a specialist if necessary. Additionally, using a statistical comparison of the infectious diseases reported by the National Children\u27s Hospital (NCH) in the years 2019 and 2022, determine if the sanitary measures implemented have a positive impact on the reduction of infectious diseases. Despite the fact that confinement has a negative impact on the mental health of these individuals, it was possible to conclude that the sanitary measures implemented benefit the pediatric population since there was a notable decrease in the incidence of some infectious diseases.El virus SARS-CoV es el agente culpable de la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19, y a su vez, de la pandemia que inició a principios del 2020. Durante la pandemia, con la meta de disminuir la propagación del virus, los funcionarios del gobierno pusieron en vigor las medidas sanitarias como el confinamiento y el cierre de las instituciones académicas. Estas últimas dos medidas sanitarias perjudican el desarrollo psicosocial de los niños y adolescentes. Este artículo se trata de una revisión bibliográfica de la afectación de la salud mental en niños y adolescentes como resultado del confinamiento, y además, se revisará la afectación social en las siguientes esferas; educación, economía y violencia intrafamiliar. Un reconocimiento temprano de estas afectaciones psicosociales es de gran importancia para poder aportar un abordaje conciso y referir a especialista en caso de ser necesario. También, mediante una comparación estadística de las enfermedades infecciosas reportadas por el Hospital Nacional de Niños (HNN) en los años 2019 y 2022, se determinará si las medidas sanitarias implementadas tienen un impacto positivo en la disminución de enfermedades infecciosas. A pesar de que el confinamiento tiene un impacto negativo en la salud mental de estos individuos, se pudo concluir que las medidas sanitarias implementadas benefician a la población pediátrica ya que hubo una notoria disminución en la incidencia de ciertas enfermedades infecciosas

The RAB39B p.G192R mutation causes X-linked dominant Parkinson’s disease

Objective: To identify the causal gene in a multi-incident U.S. kindred with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: We characterized a family with a classical PD phenotype in which 7 individuals (5 males and 2 females) were affected with a mean age at onset of 46.1 years (range, 29-57 years). We performed whole exome sequencing on 4 affected and 1 unaffected family members. Sanger-sequencing was then used to verify and genotype all candidate variants in the remainder of the pedigree. Cultured cells transfected with wild-type or mutant constructs were used to characterize proteins of interest. Results: We identified a missense mutation (c.574G > A; p.G192R) in the RAB39B gene that closely segregated with disease and exhibited X-linked dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance in females. The mutation occurred in a highly conserved amino acid residue and was not observed among 87,725 X chromosomes in the Exome Aggregation Consortium dataset. Sequencing of the RAB39B coding region in 587 familial PD cases yielded two additional mutations (c.428C > G [p.A143G] and c.624_626delGAG [p.R209del]) that were predicted to be deleterious in silico but occurred in families that were not sufficiently informative to assess segregation with disease. Experiments in PC12 and SK-N-BE(2)C cells demonstrated that p.G192R resulted in mislocalization of the mutant protein, possibly by altering the structure of the hypervariable C-terminal domain which mediates intracellular targeting. Conclusions: Our findings implicate RAB39B, an essential regulator of vesicular-trafficking, in clinically typical PD. Further characterization of normal and aberrant RAB39B function might elucidate important mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD and related disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-015-0045-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes journaltitle: Cell articlelink: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.046 content_type: article copyright: © 2018 Elsevier Inc

Discordance in Perceptions of Barriers to Breast Cancer Treatment Between Hispanic Women and Their Providers

Despite comparable screening and incidence rates that are 26% below that of non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic women present with breast cancer at more advanced stages of disease, representing a continuing and troubling health disparity for this population. Reducing these disparities warrant more innovative research approaches to better understand perspectives of Hispanic patients regarding barriers to treatment and how these perspectives compare to those of their providers. A pilot qualitative study was conducted at a major urban cancer center in Arizona that measured both patient and provider perspectives regarding barriers to treatment. Through a multimethod qualitative analysis, researchers surveyed patients and providers to identify perceived barriers and discordance in shared understanding. Data collection and analysis consisted of surveying patients and providers, then performing inductive qualitative analysis. Results indicated the highest concordance, or shared understanding, between patients and providers was in recognizing barriers within delivery of care, such as cost of care and insurance coverage. The greatest discordance, or gaps in shared understanding, existed in upstream barriers of the health care system, such as emotional support and trust in systems. These results underscore the gap in shared understanding between patients and providers regarding upstream barriers to care as well as the nonclinical social determinants of health Hispanic patients face in accessing breast cancer treatment. More research is warranted using this approach as a tool to reduce health disparities

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of The RAB39B p.G192R mutation causes X-linked dominant Parkinson’s disease

Pedigrees with variants of unknown significance. Pedigrees in which the RAB39B (A) c.428C>G (p.A143G) and (B) c.624_626delGAG (p.R209del) variants were observed. Individuals affected with Parkinson’s disease are represented with black symbols, unaffected individuals with open symbols. Age at onset is indicated immediately below each symbol, followed by age at last clinical evaluation. Wt = wild type; Mut = mutation. (PDF 35 kb