Estudio de transferencia de spin utilizando nanocontactos

Anais do VI Encontro de Iniciação Científica e II Encontro Anual de Iniciação ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação – EICTI 2017 - 04 a 06 de outubro de 2017 - temática Coências Exatas e da TerraEl avance tecnológico de las últimas décadas está directamente relacionado al progreso de técnicas capaces de trabajar con propiedades de estructuras a escala nanométrica. Este estudio aplicado a sólidos nanoestructurados han contribuido bastante para entender el comportamiento de la materia, donde la evolución trae consigo un estímulo para adentrarse al mundo de las dimensiones más bajas, los efectos cuánticos, que asumen un papel importante en el área, así como para el desenvolvimiento nuevos materialesUniversidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Fundação Araucária; Parque Tecnológico Itaipu (PTI) e Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR

The womens' perpetrated murder experience

This research focuses on the experience of the perpetration of a murder in a population composed of four women. For this study, we used the qualitative research method of Amedeo Giorgi. We focused the study analysis in the cognitive processes, associated with the decision to commit the murder, and in the context in which this phenomenon emerges. The results are consistent with the perspective of murder as a multifactorial phenomenon. We have further found that the resolution of the homicide not always precedes the practice thereof.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Application of the physical habitat simulation for fish species to assess environmental flows in an Atlantic Forest Stream in South-eastern Brazil

The physical habitat simulation sub-routine of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) uses hydraulic modeling and suitability indices of target fish species to predict how differences in-stream flows affect the microhabitat occupation by fish species. This habitat modelling approach was adopted to assess the ecological effects of running flows on three neotropical fish species of different orders (Bryconamericus ornaticeps, Ancistrus multispinis and Geophagus brasiliensis).The study encompassed two reaches of an Atlantic Forest stream in Southeastern Brazil where topographic and hydraulic (depth, velocity and type of substrate) characteristics were measured to implement one-dimensional hydraulic simulation. Sub aquatic observation of fish was performed to collect data on microhabitat use and these data were used to develop habitat suitability curves that were used in the habitat simulation to obtain the habitat suitability index (HSI) and weighted usable area (WUA) versus flow curves. Upon these curves minimum and optimum environmental flows for the target fish species were proposed. Bryconamericus ornaticeps and A. multispinis selected microhabitats around 0.6 m depth, whereas G. brasiliensis showed a wider suitable range (0.35-0.9 m). All the three species were mainly observed in microhabitat with low flow velocity (0.1 m/s). Bryconamericus ornaticeps selected more frequently coarse substrate (e.g. boulders) but it appeared also over sandy substrate, whereas A. multispinis and G. brasiliensis selected preferably boulders. The range of 0.65-0.85 m3/s was found as the optimum to meet the needs of the three fish species. Our results agree with the necessary objective information to perform grounded management actions in the frame of a management program aiming at ecosystem conservation. Thereby it can be considered a successful pilot study in environmental flow assessment in an Atlantic Forest stream of Brazil.The authors wish to thank Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado so Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ / CAPES - Federal Supporting Research of the Brazilian Government for providing scholarships for the first author. We thank the director of CTUR R. C. Albieri for the loan of surveying equipment to carry out the field work.Da Costa, MR.; Mattos, TM.; Fernandes, VH.; Martinez-Capel, F.; Muñoz Mas, R.; Araujo, FG. (2015). Application of the physical habitat simulation for fish species to assess environmental flows in an Atlantic Forest Stream in South-eastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology. 13(4):685-698. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140170S685698134Acreman, M. C., & Dunbar, M. J. (2004). Defining environmental river flow requirements – a review. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 8(5), 861-876. doi:10.5194/hess-8-861-2004Ahmadi-Nedushan, B., St-Hilaire, A., Bérubé, M., Robichaud, É., Thiémonge, N., & Bobée, B. (2006). A review of statistical methods for the evaluation of aquatic habitat suitability for instream flow assessment. River Research and Applications, 22(5), 503-523. doi:10.1002/rra.918Angermeier, P. L., & Schlosser, I. J. (1989). Species-Area Relationship for Stream Fishes. Ecology, 70(5), 1450-1462. doi:10.2307/1938204Arthington, A. H., & Pusey, B. J. (2003). Flow restoration and protection in Australian rivers. River Research and Applications, 19(5-6), 377-395. doi:10.1002/rra.745Assis, H. C. da S. de, Nicareta, L., Salvo, L. M., Klemz, C., Truppel, J. H., & Calegari, R. (2009). Biochemical biomarkers of exposure to deltamethrin in freshwater fish, Ancistrus multispinis. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 52(6), 1401-1407. doi:10.1590/s1516-89132009000600012Barletta, M., Jaureguizar, A. J., Baigun, C., Fontoura, N. F., Agostinho, A. A., Almeida-Val, V. M. F., … Corrêa, M. F. M. (2010). Fish and aquatic habitat conservation in South America: a continental overview with emphasis on neotropical systems. Journal of Fish Biology, 76(9), 2118-2176. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02684.xBLANCK, A., TEDESCO, P. A., & LAMOUROUX, N. (2007). Relationships between life-history strategies of European freshwater fish species and their habitat preferences. Freshwater Biology, 52(5), 843-859. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01736.xBowen, B. W., Bass, A. L., Rocha, L. A., Grant, W. S., & Robertson, D. R. (2001). PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TRUMPETFISHES (AULOSTOMUS): RING SPECIES COMPLEX ON A GLOBAL SCALE. Evolution, 55(5), 1029. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1029:pottar]2.0.co;2BUNN, S. E., & ARTHINGTON, A. H. (2002). Basic Principles and Ecological Consequences of Altered Flow Regimes for Aquatic Biodiversity. Environmental Management, 30(4), 492-507. doi:10.1007/s00267-002-2737-0Castro, M. A. de, Santos, H. de A., Sampaio, F. A. C., & Pompeu, P. S. (2010). Swimming performance of the small characin Bryconamericus stramineus (Characiformes: Characidae). Zoologia (Curitiba), 27(6), 939-944. doi:10.1590/s1984-46702010000600015Copp, G. H., & Jurajda, P. (1993). Do small riverine fish move inshore at night? Journal of Fish Biology, 43(sa), 229-241. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb01190.xCosta, R. M. S., Martínez-Capel, F., Muñoz-Mas, R., Alcaraz-Hernández, J. D., & Garófano-Gómez, V. (2011). HABITAT SUITABILITY MODELLING AT MESOHABITAT SCALE AND EFFECTS OF DAM OPERATION ON THE ENDANGERED JúCAR NASE, PARACHONDROSTOMA ARRIGONIS (RIVER CABRIEL, SPAIN). River Research and Applications, 28(6), 740-752. doi:10.1002/rra.1598Costa, M. R. da, Mattos, T. M., Borges, J. L., & Araújo, F. G. (2013). Habitat preferences of common native fishes in a tropical river in Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11(4), 871-880. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000400015Da Costa, M. R., Moreti, T., Uehara, W., dos Santos, H. K., & Araújo, F. G. (2015). Length-weight relationships for 15 fish species from Atlantic rain forest streams, southeastern Brazil. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 31(4), 809-810. doi:10.1111/jai.12788Crook, D. A., & Robertson, A. I. (1999). Relationships between riverine fish and woody debris: implications for lowland rivers. Marine and Freshwater Research. doi:10.1071/mf99072Ferreira, K. M. (2007). Biology and ecomorphology of stream fishes from the rio Mogi-Guaçu basin, Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 5(3), 311-326. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252007000300012De Jalón, D. G. (2003). The Spanish Experience in Determining Minimum Flow Regimes in Regulated Streams. Canadian Water Resources Journal, 28(2), 185-198. doi:10.4296/cwrj2802185Geerinckx, T., Verhaegen, Y., & Adriaens, D. (2008). Ontogenetic allometries and shape changes in the suckermouth armoured catfish Ancistrus cf. triradiatus Eigenmann (Loricariidae, Siluriformes), related to suckermouth attachment and yolk-sac size. Journal of Fish Biology, 72(4), 803-814. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01755.xGore, J. A., & Nestler, J. M. (1988). Instream flow studies in perspective. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 2(2), 93-101. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020204Grossman, G. D., & de Sostoa, A. (1994). Microhabitat use by fish in the lower Rio Matarrana, Spain, 1984-1987. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 3(3), 123-136. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0633.1994.tb00114.xHeggenes, J., Brabrand, Åg., & Saltveit, S. (1990). Comparison of Three Methods for Studies of Stream Habitat Use by Young Brown Trout and Atlantic Salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119(1), 101-111. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1990)1192.3.co;2King, J., & Brown, C. (2006). Environmental Flows: Striking the Balance between Development and Resource Protection. Ecology and Society, 11(2). doi:10.5751/es-01682-110226Lambert, T. R., & Hanson, D. F. (1989). Development of habitat suitability criteria for trout in small streams. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 3(1), 291-303. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450030128LAMOUROUX, N., & CAPRA, H. (2002). Simple predictions of instream habitat model outputs for target fish populations. Freshwater Biology, 47(8), 1543-1556. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00879.xLamouroux, N., Capra, H., Pouilly, M., & Souchon, Y. (1999). Fish habitat preferences in large streams of southern France. Freshwater Biology, 42(4), 673-687. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00521.xLeal, C. G., Junqueira, N. T., & Pompeu, P. S. (2010). Morphology and habitat use by fishes of the Rio das Velhas basin in southeastern Brazil. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 90(2), 143-157. doi:10.1007/s10641-010-9726-6Lee, P.-Y., & Suen, J.-P. (2011). Niche partitioning of fish assemblages in a mountain stream with frequent natural disturbances - an examination of microhabitat in riffle areas. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 21(2), 255-265. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00544.xLytle, D. A., & Poff, N. L. (2004). Adaptation to natural flow regimes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19(2), 94-100. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2003.10.002MARTÍNEZ-CAPEL, F., GARCÍA DE JALÓN, D., WERENITZKY, D., BAEZA, D., & RODILLA-ALAMÁ, M. (2009). Microhabitat use by three endemic Iberian cyprinids in Mediterranean rivers (Tagus River Basin, Spain). Fisheries Management and Ecology, 16(1), 52-60. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2400.2008.00645.xMouton, A. M., Schneider, M., Peter, A., Holzer, G., Müller, R., Goethals, P. L. M., & De Pauw, N. (2008). Optimisation of a fuzzy physical habitat model for spawning European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) in the Aare river (Thun, Switzerland). Ecological Modelling, 215(1-3), 122-132. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.02.028Mouton, A. M., Alcaraz-Hernández, J. D., De Baets, B., Goethals, P. L. M., & Martínez-Capel, F. (2011). Data-driven fuzzy habitat suitability models for brown trout in Spanish Mediterranean rivers. Environmental Modelling & Software, 26(5), 615-622. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.12.001Muñoz-Mas, R., Martínez-Capel, F., Garófano-Gómez, V., & Mouton, A. M. (2014). Application of Probabilistic Neural Networks to microhabitat suitability modelling for adult brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Iberian rivers. Environmental Modelling & Software, 59, 30-43. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.05.003Muñoz-Mas, R., Martínez-Capel, F., Schneider, M., & Mouton, A. M. (2012). Assessment of brown trout habitat suitability in the Jucar River Basin (SPAIN): Comparison of data-driven approaches with fuzzy-logic models and univariate suitability curves. Science of The Total Environment, 440, 123-131. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.074Naiman, R. J., Latterell, J. J., Pettit, N. E., & Olden, J. D. (2008). Flow variability and the biophysical vitality of river systems. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 340(9-10), 629-643. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2008.01.002Paredes-Arquiola, J., Martinez-Capel, F., Solera, A., & Aguilella, V. (2011). IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS IN COMPLEX WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS - CASE STUDY: THE DUERO RIVER BASIN, SPAIN. River Research and Applications, 29(4), 451-468. doi:10.1002/rra.1617Paredes-Arquiola, J., Solera, A., Martinez-Capel, F., Momblanch, A., & Andreu, J. (2014). Integrating water management, habitat modelling and water quality at the basin scale and environmental flow assessment: case study of the Tormes River, Spain. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59(3-4), 878-889. doi:10.1080/02626667.2013.821573POFF, N. L., RICHTER, B. D., ARTHINGTON, A. H., BUNN, S. E., NAIMAN, R. J., KENDY, E., … WARNER, A. (2010). The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 147-170. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.xPoff, N. L., Allan, J. D., Bain, M. B., Karr, J. R., Prestegaard, K. L., Richter, B. D., … Stromberg, J. C. (1997). The Natural Flow Regime. BioScience, 47(11), 769-784. doi:10.2307/1313099Power, M. E. (1984). Depth Distributions of Armored Catfish: Predator-Induced Resource Avoidance? Ecology, 65(2), 523-528. doi:10.2307/1941414RABENI, C. F., & JACOBSON, R. B. (1993). The importance of fluvial hydraulics to fish-habitat restoration in low-gradient alluvial streams. Freshwater Biology, 29(2), 211-220. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00758.xRichter, B. D., Warner, A. T., Meyer, J. L., & Lutz, K. (2006). A collaborative and adaptive process for developing environmental flow recommendations. River Research and Applications, 22(3), 297-318. doi:10.1002/rra.892Rincon, P. A., Correas, A. M., Morcillo, F., Risueno, P., & Lobon-Cervia, J. (2002). Interaction between the introduced eastern mosquitofish and two autochthonous Spanish toothcarps. Journal of Fish Biology, 61(6), 1560-1585. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02498.xCosta Sampaio, F., Santos Pompeu, P., de Andrade e Santos, H., & Lopes Ferreira, R. (2012). Swimming performance of epigeal and hypogeal species of Characidae, with an emphasis on the troglobiotic Stygichthys typhlops Brittan & Böhlke, 1965. International Journal of Speleology, 41(1), 9-16. doi:10.5038/1827-806x.41.1.2Schneider, K. N., & Winemiller, K. O. (2008). Structural complexity of woody debris patches influences fish and macroinvertebrate species richness in a temperate floodplain-river system. Hydrobiologia, 610(1), 235-244. doi:10.1007/s10750-008-9438-5Schwartz, J. S., & Herricks, E. E. (2008). Fish use of ecohydraulic-based mesohabitat units in a low-gradient Illinois stream: implications for stream restoration. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 18(6), 852-866. doi:10.1002/aqc.905Strakosh, T. R., Neumann, R. M., & Jacobson, R. A. (2003). Development and assessment of habitat suitability criteria for adult brown trout in southern New England rivers. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 12(4), 265-274. doi:10.1046/j.1600-0633.2003.00022.xTeresa, F. B., & Casatti, L. (2013). Development of habitat suitability criteria for Neotropical stream fishes and an assessment of their transferability to streams with different conservation status. Neotropical Ichthyology, 11(2), 395-402. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013005000009Tharme, R. E. (2003). 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Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

The Boston criteria version 2.0 for cerebral amyloid angiopathy:a multicentre, retrospective, MRI–neuropathology diagnostic accuracy study

BACKGROUND: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an age-related small vessel disease, characterised pathologically by progressive deposition of amyloid β in the cerebrovascular wall. The Boston criteria are used worldwide for the in-vivo diagnosis of CAA but have not been updated since 2010, before the emergence of additional MRI markers. We report an international collaborative study aiming to update and externally validate the Boston diagnostic criteria across the full spectrum of clinical CAA presentations. METHODS: In this multicentre, hospital-based, retrospective, MRI and neuropathology diagnostic accuracy study, we did a retrospective analysis of clinical, radiological, and histopathological data available to sites participating in the International CAA Association to formulate updated Boston criteria and establish their diagnostic accuracy across different populations and clinical presentations. Ten North American and European academic medical centres identified patients aged 50 years and older with potential CAA-related clinical presentations (ie, spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage, cognitive impairment, or transient focal neurological episodes), available brain MRI, and histopathological assessment for CAA diagnosis. MRI scans were centrally rated at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA, USA) for haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic CAA markers, and brain tissue samples were rated by neuropathologists at the contributing sites. We derived the Boston criteria version 2.0 (v2.0) by selecting MRI features to optimise diagnostic specificity and sensitivity in a prespecified derivation cohort (Boston cases 1994-2012, n=159), then externally validated the criteria in a prespecified temporal validation cohort (Boston cases 2012-18, n=59) and a geographical validation cohort (non-Boston cases 2004-18; n=123), comparing accuracy of the new criteria to the currently used modified Boston criteria with histopathological assessment of CAA as the diagnostic standard. We also assessed performance of the v2.0 criteria in patients across all cohorts who had the diagnostic gold standard of brain autopsy. FINDINGS: The study protocol was finalised on Jan 15, 2017, patient identification was completed on Dec 31, 2018, and imaging analyses were completed on Sept 30, 2019. Of 401 potentially eligible patients presenting to Massachusetts General Hospital, 218 were eligible to be included in the analysis; of 160 patient datasets from other centres, 123 were included. Using the derivation cohort, we derived provisional criteria for probable CAA requiring the presence of at least two strictly lobar haemorrhagic lesions (ie, intracerebral haemorrhages, cerebral microbleeds, or foci of cortical superficial siderosis) or at least one strictly lobar haemorrhagic lesion and at least one white matter characteristic (ie, severe visible perivascular spaces in centrum semiovale or white matter hyperintensities in a multispot pattern). The sensitivity and specificity of these criteria were 74·8% (95% CI 65·4-82·7) and 84·6% (71·9-93·1) in the derivation cohort, 92·5% (79·6-98·4) and 89·5% (66·9-98·7) in the temporal validation cohort, 80·2% (70·8-87·6) and 81·5% (61·9-93·7) in the geographical validation cohort, and 74·5% (65·4-82·4) and 95·0% (83·1-99·4) in all patients who had autopsy as the diagnostic standard. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0·797 (0·732-0·861) in the derivation cohort, 0·910 (0·828-0·992) in the temporal validation cohort, 0·808 (0·724-0·893) in the geographical validation cohort, and 0·848 (0·794-0·901) in patients who had autopsy as the diagnostic standard. The v2.0 Boston criteria for probable CAA had superior accuracy to the current Boston criteria (sensitivity 64·5% [54·9-73·4]; specificity 95·0% [83·1-99·4]; AUC 0·798 [0·741-0854]; p=0·0005 for comparison of AUC) across all individuals who had autopsy as the diagnostic standard. INTERPRETATION: The Boston criteria v2.0 incorporate emerging MRI markers of CAA to enhance sensitivity without compromising their specificity in our cohorts of patients aged 50 years and older presenting with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage, cognitive impairment, or transient focal neurological episodes. Future studies will be needed to determine generalisability of the v.2.0 criteria across the full range of patients and clinical presentations. FUNDING: US National Institutes of Health (R01 AG26484)

Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Funding: Data collection was largely funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project TREMOR (NE/N004655/1) to D.G., E.G. and O.P., with further funds from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001) to J.V.T. and a University of Leeds Climate Research Bursary Fund to J.V.T. D.G., E.G. and O.P. acknowledge further support from a NERC-funded consortium award (ARBOLES, NE/S011811/1). This paper is an outcome of J.V.T.’s doctoral thesis, which was sponsored by CAPES (GDE 99999.001293/2015-00). J.V.T. was previously supported by the NERC-funded ARBOLES project (NE/S011811/1) and is supported at present by the Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsrådet (grant no. 2019-03758 to R.M.). E.G., O.P. and D.G. acknowledge support from NERC-funded BIORED grant (NE/N012542/1). O.P. acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Grant and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. R.S.O. was supported by a CNPq productivity scholarship, the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Microsoft 11/52072-0) and the US Department of Energy, project GoAmazon (FAPESP 2013/50531-2). M.M. acknowledges support from MINECO FUN2FUN (CGL2013-46808-R) and DRESS (CGL2017-89149-C2-1-R). C.S.-M., F.B.V. and P.R.L.B. were financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001). C.S.-M. received a scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 140353/2017-8) and CAPES (science without borders 88881.135316/2016-01). Y.M. acknowledges the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (GEM-TRAITS, 321131) for supporting the Global Ecosystems Monitoring (GEM) network (gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk), within which some of the field sites (KEN, TAM and ALP) are nested. The authors thank Brazil–USA Collaborative Research GoAmazon DOE-FAPESP-FAPEAM (FAPESP 2013/50533-5 to L.A.) and National Science Foundation (award DEB-1753973 to L. Alves). They thank Serrapilheira Serra-1709-18983 (to M.H.) and CNPq-PELD/POPA-441443/2016-8 (to L.G.) (P.I. Albertina Lima). They thank all the colleagues and grants mentioned elsewhere [8,36] that established, identified and measured the Amazon forest plots in the RAINFOR network analysed here. The authors particularly thank J. Lyod, S. Almeida, F. Brown, B. Vicenti, N. Silva and L. Alves. This work is an outcome approved Research Project no. 19 from ForestPlots.net, a collaborative initiative developed at the University of Leeds that unites researchers and the monitoring of their permanent plots from the world’s tropical forests [61]. The authros thank A. Levesley, K. Melgaço Ladvocat and G. Pickavance for ForestPlots.net management. They thank Y. Wang and J. Baker, respectively, for their help with the map and with the climatic data. The authors acknowledge the invaluable help of M. Brum for kindly providing the comparison of vulnerability curves based on PAD and on PLC shown in this manuscript. They thank J. Martinez-Vilalta for his comments on an early version of this manuscript. The authors also thank V. Hilares and the Asociación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Integral (AIDER, Puerto Maldonado, Peru); V. Saldaña and Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) for local field campaign support in Peru; E. Chavez and Noel Kempff Natural History Museum for local field campaign support in Bolivia; ICMBio, INPA/NAPPA/LBA COOMFLONA (Cooperativa mista da Flona Tapajós) and T. I. Bragança-Marituba for the research support.Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, Ψ50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3-5, little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters Ψ50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both Ψ50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe