Avaliação objetiva do nível de atividade física, do comportamento sedentário e da aptidão cardiorrespiratória de bombeiros militares

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, 2018.Introdução: A atividade profissional de bombeiros é reconhecida pela exposição constante a riscos ocupacionais, intenso estresse físico e emocional. Entretanto inexistem estudos nacionais que avaliem objetivamente o nível de atividade física e o esforço cardiovascular a que bombeiros são expostos no período de 24 horas de atividade ocupacional de rotina. Objetivos: Avaliar a atividade física (ATF), comportamento sedentário (CS) e intensidade de esforço imposta ao sistema cardiovascular de bombeiros militares em prontidão no quartel pelo período de 24 horas. Indivíduos: Foram avaliados 33 bombeiros do sexo masculino, com mediana de idade de 35 (28 – 47) anos sem restrições médicas para o desempenho profissional. Métodos: Avaliaram-se a ATF de intensidade leve, moderada-vigorosa (MV), o CS e o esforço cardiovascular durante o período de 24 horas de atividade operacional. A ATF foi avaliada por meio da acelerometria e a sobrecarga cardiovascular por meio do comportamento da frequência cardíaca (FC). A análise foi realizada em conjunto (n= 33) e por sub-grupos: G1: atividades diversas; G2: atuação em combate a incêndio florestal de pequeno a médio porte no Distrito Federal; e G3: atuação em combate a incêndio florestal de grande porte na Chapada dos Veadeiros. Foram descritos os tempos de permanência em CS, em ATF leve, ATF-MV, o número de passos e o gasto energético. Também foram calculados os tempos absolutos e relativos de permanência em quatro zonas de intensidade de esforço físico (leve, moderada, vigorosa e muito vigorosa) de acordo com a FC. Resultados: Observou-se que durante o período de prontidão no quartel os voluntários acumularam em média 35% tempo em CS, 52% em ATF leve, 12% em ATF-MV, foram acumulados média de 13.444 passos e o gasto energético estimado foi de 1.404 kcal. Na análise entre grupos foi demonstrado que o G3 acumulou mais ATF de intensidade leve que o G2 (p= 0,02). Foi observado que a prevalência de voluntários ativos durante o plantão de 24h variou entre 45% a 97% a depender do critério e/ou método de avaliação. De acordo com a FC foram despendidos em média 17h:26min em atividade de intensidade leve (≤64% da FCmax), 41 min em atividade moderada (64%< FC ≤76% da FCmax), 23 min em vigorosa (76%< FC <94% da FCmax) e 4 min em atividade muito vigorosa (≥94% da FCmax). Conclusão: De modo global os dados confirmam as hipóteses de que os bombeiros são uma categoria profissional ativa; com rotina de trabalho em regime de prontidão de 24h que se associa a reduzido tempo em CS e a longos períodos de ATF leve intercalados com ATF-MV. A atividade de CIF se mostrou de maior sobrecarga cardiovascular que as demais. Nossos achados reforçam a importância de realização de triagem clínica e física para a seleção e acompanhamento contínuo de bombeiros militares em atividade operacional.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).Background: Firefighters are widely recognized for having a hazardous occupation. Job activities expose firefighters to different risk factors, physical stressors and emotional stress. However, there are no national studies that objectively assess the level of physical activity (PAL) and cardiovascular strain at which firefighters are exposed within 24 hours on-duty period. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the PAL, sedentary behavior (SB) and cardiovascular strain of military firefighters during 24 hour on-duty period. Subjects: We evaluated 33 male firefighters aged 35 (28 – 47) years with no medical restrictions for firefighting activity. Methods: We evaluated the light physical activity, the moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), the SB and the cardiovascular strain during the 24-hour on-duty period. The PAL was assessed by accelerometry (ActiGraph-GT3X+®) and the cardiovascular strain was assessd by heart rate (HR) measured by an HR transmitter (H10-Polar®). The analysis was performed together (n= 33) and by sub-groups: G1: diverse activities; G2 action in small to medium size forest fire in the Distrito Federal; and G3: action in a large forest fire in the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Brazil. We analysed the time spent in SB, in light activity, in moderate to vigorous, the number of steps and the energy expenditure. We calculated the absolute and relative time spent in four intensity zones of physical activity (light, moderate, heavy and very heavy) according to the HR. Results: It was observed that on-duty period the volunteers accumulated an average of 35% on SB, 52% on light intensity activity, and 12% on MVPA. The volunteers accumulated 13,444 steps/day and expenditure 1,404 kcal/day. The analysis between groups was provided by the G3 accumulated more light physical activity than the G2 (p= 0.02). It was observed that the prevalence of active volunteers during the 24h on-duty ranged from 45% to 97% depending on the criteria and/or evaluation method. According to HR the the time spent in light intensity was 17h:26m in (≤64% of maximal HR), 41 min in moderate intensity physical activity (64%< FC ≤76% of maximal HR), 23 min in vigorous intensity (76%< FC <94% of maximal HR) and 4min on very heavy intensity (≥94% of maximal HR). Conclusion: Overall, the data confirm the hypothesis that firefighters are an active professional category; with a 24-hour on-duty period was associated with reduced CS time and long periods of light physical activity interspersed with MVPA. The firefighters during forest fire suppression activity was exposed a high cardiovascular strain. Our findings reinforce the necessity medical evaluation and regular physical training of these professionals

Nivel insuficiente de actividad física está asociado a menor calidad de vida y al estudio nocturno en universitarios del Distrito Federal

A prática de atividade física (AF) é essencial à saúde e à qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de atividade física (NAF), a QV, fatores antropométricos e socioeconômicos em universitários do Distrito Federal. Métodos: Foram avaliados aleatoriamente 392 voluntários (43,6% homens). Empregaram-se os questionários IPAQ, WHOQOL e de tempo sentado (TS). Foram avaliados preditores do NAF com o emprego de regressão logística, assim como da QV estratificada por sexo, turno, NAF e renda. Resultados: Dos pesquisados, 51,4% eram insuficientemente ativos (IA) e mostraram menor QV do que os ativos (AT), nos domínicos físico (DOMF) e psicológico (DOMPS) (p 0,05). Menor NAF associou-se com maior TS e com aulas no turno noturno. A proporção de universitários IA foi elevada e se mostrou associada com menor QV no DOMF e DOMPS, elevado TS e com estudo noturno.Physical activity (PA) practice is an essential issue for health and quality of life (QOL). Objective: We analyzed the level of physical activity (LPA) and QOL in association with anthropometric and socioeconomics factors among undergraduate students from the Distrito Federal - Brazil. Methods: We randomly evaluated 392 volunteers (43.6% men). We employed the IPAQ + reported siting time (ST), and WHOQOL questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to evaluate LPA predictors. QOL was compared between sex, class period (day vs night), LPA and income. Results: Two hundred and one volunteers (51.4%) were insufficiently active (IA) and showed lower QOL than the active (AT) ones on physical (PHD) and psychological (PSD) domains (p< 0.05). Lower LPA was associated with greater ST and with the night shift study. We found a high proportion of IA students that was associated with lower QOL on PHD and PSD, higher ST and nightshift study

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Pratos e mais pratos: louças domésticas, divisões culturais e limites sociais no Rio de Janeiro, século XIX

Reply to ten comments on a paper published in the last issue of this journal. The discussion follows along six main lines: History museums, identity, ideology and the category of nation; the need of material collections and their modalities: patrimonial, operational, virtual; theater versus laboratory; visitors and their ambiguities; Public History: the museum and the academy.Resposta aos comentários de dez especialistas que contribuíram no debate de texto publicado no último número desta revista. A discussão orientou-se segundo seis tópicos principais: museus históricos, identidade, ideologia e a categoria de nação; a necessidade de acervos materiais e suas modalidades: acervo patrimonial, operacional, virtual; teatro versus laboratório; o público e suas ambigüidades; História Pública: o museu e a Academia

Controlled release of therapeutic antibody formats

The local administration of antibodies can represent in many cases a significant improvement for antibody-based therapies. The benefits of local delivery include high drug concentrations at the target site, the possibility of lower drug dosing and less systemic drug exposure. Currently, the most relevant delivery sites for therapeutic antibodies are the posterior segments of the eye, mucosal surfaces, the articular joints and the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the oral and pulmonary route may enable non-invasive systemic antibody delivery. However, local antibody delivery to these sites is characterized by short drug residence times and a low compliance of administration. Controlled release (CR) systems can address these limitations and, thereby, enable and improve local delivery applications by achieving long lasting local drug concentrations, improved efficacy-dosing ratios and reduced treatment-associated side effects. The requirements for CR antibody formulations are more complex compared to conventional CR systems for small molecules, and their development poses an enormous technical challenge. Therefore, the review highlights experiences and challenges gathered in the development of the different CR systems for antibodies to date. Additionally, the unmet technological needs encountered in the field are described. This includes a critical evaluation of the limited capability of various CR systems to preserve antibody stability, delivery site specific considerations, as well as the processability of a CR system with a particular focus on drug loading and injectability. We believe that the success of CR and local delivery approaches could create an enormous added value for patients in the future

Encyclopédie des historiographies : Afriques, Amériques, Asies

Quels rapports les sociétés humaines entretiennent-elles avec leur passé et quels récits font-elles du temps révolu ? Pour ce premier volume de l’Encyclopédie des historiographies. Afriques, Amériques, Asies, 157 spécialistes représentant 88 institutions académiques en France et dans le monde explorent l’univers des productions humaines qui constituent des sources pour l’historien et déchiffrent les nombreuses modalités (« scientifiques », littéraires, artistiques, monumentales…) de l’écriture du passé. Évoquant tour à tour l’Afrique, l’Amérique latine, l’Asie, l’Océanie, les 216 notices de l’ouvrage présentent des matériaux historiques de toute nature, issus de toutes les époques, souvent méconnus, ainsi que l’histoire de leurs usages. L’entreprise collective qu’est l’Encyclopédie se veut novatrice : il s’agit de susciter une réflexion historiographique résolument non-occidentalo-centrée qui complète utilement les démarches épistémologiques traditionnelles. Nouvel outil de connaissance historique forgé à l’heure de la mondialisation, l’Encyclopédie des historiographies est aussi une véritable invitation au voyage.What are the different types of relations that non-Western societies upkeep with their past and how are narratives about the past produced by them? In this first volume of the Encyclopaedia of Historiography: Africa, America, Asia, 157 specialists from 88 international academic institutions explore the wealth of evidence that constitutes source material for historians. They also examine the immensely diverse modes or genres of narrated history: “scientific”, literary, artistic, architectural, etc. 216 entries dealing with Africa, Latin America, Oceania, and Asia, cover a large variety of sources, including many which are unfamiliar to the Western or non-Western reader, along with the history of how they have been exploited. By bringing together for the first time such an abundance of material the reader is offered the possibility of exploring continents and building meaningful connections across space and time. In addition to being a new tool for historical enquiry in an era of globalization, this encyclopaedia is also an invitation to travel the world

Guidance on mucositis assessment from the MASCC Mucositis Study Group and ISOO: an international Delphi studyResearch in context

Summary: Background: Mucositis is a common and highly impactful side effect of conventional and emerging cancer therapy and thus the subject of intense investigation. Although common practice, mucositis assessment is heterogeneously adopted and poorly guided, impacting evidence synthesis and translation. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Mucositis Study Group (MSG) therefore aimed to establish expert recommendations for how existing mucositis assessment tools should be used, in clinical care and trials contexts, to improve the consistency of mucositis assessment. Methods: This study was conducted over two stages (January 2022–July 2023). The first phase involved a survey to MASCC-MSG members (January 2022–May 2022), capturing current practices, challenges and preferences. These then informed the second phase, in which a set of initial recommendations were prepared and refined using the Delphi method (February 2023–May 2023). Consensus was defined as agreement on a parameter by >80% of respondents. Findings: Seventy-two MASCC-MSG members completed the first phase of the study (37 females, 34 males, mainly oral care specialists). High variability was noted in the use of mucositis assessment tools, with a high reliance on clinician assessment compared to patient reported outcome measures (PROMs, 47% vs 3%, 37% used a combination). The World Health Organization (WHO) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scales were most commonly used to assess mucositis across multiple settings. Initial recommendations were reviewed by experienced MSG members and following two rounds of Delphi survey consensus was achieved in 91 of 100 recommendations. For example, in patients receiving chemotherapy, the recommended tool for clinician assessment in clinical practice is WHO for oral mucositis (89.5% consensus), and WHO or CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (85.7% consensus). The recommended PROM in clinical trials is OMD/WQ for oral mucositis (93.3% consensus), and PRO-CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (83.3% consensus). Interpretation: These new recommendations provide much needed guidance on mucositis assessment and may be applied in both clinical practice and research to streamline comparison and synthesis of global data sets, thus accelerating translation of new knowledge into clinical practice. Funding: No funding was received