Radial and tangential migration of telencephalic somatostatin neurons originated from the mouse diagonal area

The telencephalic subpallium is the source of various GABAergic interneuron cohorts that invade the pallium via tangential migration. Based on genoarchitectonic studies, the subpallium has been subdivided into four major domains: striatum, pallidum, diagonal area and preoptic area (Puelles et al. 2013; Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas), and a larger set of molecularly distinct progenitor areas (Flames et al. 2007). Fate mapping, genetic lineage-tracing studies, and other approaches have suggested that each subpallial subdivision produces specific sorts of inhibitory interneurons, distinguished by differential peptidic content, which are distributed tangentially to pallial and subpallial target territories (e.g., olfactory bulb, isocortex, hippocampus, pallial and subpallial amygdala, striatum, pallidum, septum). In this report, we map descriptively the early differentiation and apparent migratory dispersion of mouse subpallial somatostatin-expressing (Sst) cells from E10.5 onward, comparing their topography with the expression patterns of the genes Dlx5, Gbx2, Lhx7-8, Nkx2.1, Nkx5.1 (Hmx3), and Shh, which variously label parts of the subpallium. Whereas some experimental results suggest that Sst cells are pallidal, our data reveal that many, if not most, telencephalic Sst cells derive from de diagonal area (Dg). Sst-positive cells initially only present at the embryonic Dg selectively populate radially the medial part of the bed nucleus striae terminalis (from paraseptal to amygdaloid regions) and part of the central amygdala; they also invade tangentially the striatum, while eschewing the globus pallidum and the preoptic area, and integrate within most cortical and nuclear pallial areas between E10.5 and E16.5.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant BFU2008-04156, and SENECA Foundation contract 0458/GERM/06-10891 to L.P.; and the Local Government of Castilla-La Mancha grant PII1I09-0065-8194 to C.D. Infrastructure support provided by the University of Murcia and Castilla-La Mancha is also acknowledged

Tratamiento antifúngico con posaconazol y anfotericina B en paciente con mucormicosis rinosinusal

Introducción: La mucormicosis es una infección fúngica con elevada morbilidad y mortalidad. Se requiere tanto tratamiento quirúrgico como antifúngico, siendo el antimicótico de elección anfotericina B. Posaconazol es un antimicótico derivado de triazol que presenta actividad in vitro e in vivo frente a zygomicetes y que se ha usado en pacientes refractarios o intolerantes a anfotericina B. Descripción del caso: Varón de 70 años con recidiva de mucormicosis rinosinusal ocular izquierda. Había recibido anfotericina B liposomal asociada a posaconazol 8 semanas; tras este primer ingreso fue dado de alta con dosis infraterapéuticas de posaconazol. Volvió a ingresar por recidiva de la enfermedad, se practicó cirugía y recibió anfotericina B liposomal asociada a posaconazol 5 semanas. Siete meses después del alta, el paciente estaba clínicamente estable y continuaba tratamiento con posaconazol. Discusión/Conclusiones: Anfotericina B es el tratamiento de elección en la mucormicosis. Posaconazol es una alternativa aceptable en pacientes refractarios o intolerantes, presentando un perfil de seguridad favorable

Tratamiento antifúngico con posaconazol y anfotericina B en paciente con mucormicosis rinosinusal

Introducción: La mucormicosis es una infección fúngica con elevada morbilidad y mortalidad. Se requiere tanto tratamiento quirúrgico como antifúngico, siendo el antimicótico de elección anfotericina B. Posaconazol es un antimicótico derivado de triazol que presenta actividad in vitro e in vivo frente a zygomicetes y que se ha usado en pacientes refractarios o intolerantes a anfotericina B. Descripción del caso: Varón de 70 años con recidiva de mucormicosis rinosinusal ocular izquierda. Había recibido anfotericina B liposomal asociada a posaconazol 8 semanas; tras este primer ingreso fue dado de alta con dosis infraterapéuticas de posaconazol. Volvió a ingresar por recidiva de la enfermedad, se practicó cirugía y recibió anfotericina B liposomal asociada a posaconazol 5 semanas. Siete meses después del alta, el paciente estaba clínicamente estable y continuaba tratamiento con posaconazol. Discusión/Conclusiones: Anfotericina B es el tratamiento de elección en la mucormicosis. Posaconazol es una alternativa aceptable en pacientes refractarios o intolerantes, presentando un perfil de seguridad favorable

Paleogeografía sísmica de zonas costeras en la Península Ibérica: su impacto en el análisis de terremotos antiguos e históricos en España

This paper presents three examples of ancient earthquakes occurring in coastal areas of the S and SE of the Iberian Peninsula (218 BC, AD 40-60 and AD 1048) with the aim of illustrating the use of geological and archaeological data in their macroseismic characterization. Historical information for ancient earthquakes that occurred in Spain prior to the 10th century is scarce or non-existent. This paper shows that the current state of knowledge on palaeoseismology and archaeoseismology on these ancient events clearly exceeds the existing historical information allowing the increase of macroseismic information points by using the ESI-07 scale (Environmental Seismic Intensity). Consequently, the geologic analyses of ancient earthquakes contribute to their understanding and parametric evaluations, and improve further advances in seismic hazard assessments. The most significant issue outlined in the present paper is the analysis of the ancient palaeogeography of the affected areas. The studied examples analysed were located in open estuarine areas that have been filled by fluvial sediments or anthropogenic fills over time. The effects of the 218 BC earthquake-tsunami event in the Gulf of Cadiz are analysed in estuarine areas, and especially in the ancient Roman Lagus Ligustinus (Guadalquivir Depression marshes); the effects of the earthquake in AD 40-60 is analysed in the old Roman city of Baelo Claudia located in the Bolonia Bay (Strait of Gibraltar); and the effects of the earthquake of AD 1048on the ancient Sinus Ilicitanus (Bajo Segura Depression) during Muslim times. Descriptions from Roman and Arabic geographers are cross-checked with existing palaeogeographic models based on geological data. This type of analysis results in ancient macroseismic scenarios for the interpretation of theoretical distributions of intensities and environmental effects supporting the concept of “seismic palaeogeography” proposed in this paperEl presente trabajo recoge tres ejemplos de terremotos antiguos (218 AC, 40-60 AD y 1048 AD) ocurridos en zonas litorales del S y SO de la Península Ibérica con la intención de ilustrar el uso de datos geológicos y ar¬queológicos en la caracterización macrosísmica de los mismos. En la mayor parte de los sísmos ocurridos con anterioridad al siglo X d.C. la información documental histórica que se posee es muy escasa o inexistente. El presente trabajo muestra que el actual estado de conocimiento en paleosismología y arqueosismologia sobre este tipo de terremotos sobrepasa con creces la información documental histórica, permitiendo la multiplica¬ción de los puntos de información macrosísmica mediante el uso de la escala ESI-07 (Environmental Seismic Intensity). Consecuentemente, el análisis geológico de los terremotos antiguos mejora su conocimiento y análisis paramétrico, permitiendo avanzar la evaluación de la peligrosidad sísmica de las zonas afectadas. El aspecto que se pone de especial relieve en este trabajo es el análisis de la paleogeografía existente en la antigüedad, ya que todas las zonas (afectadas) analizadas en este trabajo corresponden a zonas estuarinas abiertas que se han ido rellenado por aportes fluviales o de forma artificial con el tiempo. Se analizan los efectos del terremoto de 218 AC en las zonas estuarinas del Golfo de Cádiz y muy especialmente en el antiguo Lacus Ligustinus (marismas del Guadalquivir) durante época romana; los efectos del terremoto de 40-60 AD en la antigua Bahía de Baelo Claudia (Estrecho de Gibraltar); y los efectos del terremoto de 1048 AD en el antiguo Sinus ilicitanus (Depresión del Bajo Segura) durante época musulmana. Se han cotejado descripciones de geógrafos romanos y árabes con modelos basados en datos geológicos. Este tipo de análisis ha permitido generar antiguos escenarios macrosísmicos basados en la paleogeografía y reinterpretar las distribuciones teóricas de intensidades y los efectos ambientales de los terremotos estudiados que es a lo que se refiere el concepto de “paleogeografía sísmica” propuesto en este trabajoThis work has been funded by the Spanish-FEDER research projects CGL2012-37281 C02.01 (QTECTBETICA-USAL), CGL2012-33430 (CSIC) and CGL2013-42847-R (UNED

Approach to the Spanish continental Neogene synthesis and paleoclimatic interpretation

Integrated studies on Neogene geology have been scarce in Spain, but attemps to stratigraphic and sedimentological analysis of continental Tertiary basins have increased considerably lately. The large extent of Neogene basins in Spain, the good quality of the outcrops and the abundance of fossil provide an excellent basis for this kind of studies

Efecto del tratamiento preoperatorio con estatinas sobre los resultados de la cirugía coronaria

IntroducciónEl uso de estatinas se asocia a una reducción de accidentes coronarios en prevención primaria y secundaria y después de angioplastia primaria.ObjetivoInvestigar si el empleo de estatinas en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización coronaria (CRC) se asocia a beneficio clínico.MétodosSe incluyeron 102 pacientes consecutivos con enfermedad coronaria para CRC electiva y aislada. En el momento de la inclusión se registró el tratamiento preoperatorio y las variables clínicas basales. En el seguimiento se registró la aparición de muerte de origen cardíaco e infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) en los primeros 30 días.ResultadosRecibían estatinas 61 pacientes (60%) frente a 41 (40%) que no las recibían. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambas poblaciones respecto a las características basales. A los 30 días se produjo una muerte cardíaca (1,6%) en el grupo que recibió estatinas, frente a cinco (12,2%) en el grupo que no las recibían (p=0,02), el IAM ocurrió en cuatro (6,6%) frente a 8 (19,5%) (p=0,04) y el resultado compuesto de muerte cardíaca o IAM ocurrió en cinco (8,2%) frente a 10 (24,4%) (p=0,02). En un modelo multivariado, el tratamiento preoperatorio con estatinas se mantuvo como un factor independiente de predicción (p=0,01; odds ratio [OR]: 3,6) de la aparición de muerte de causa cardíaca o IAM durante los primeros 30 días después de la intervención.ConclusiónEl tratamiento previo con estatinas se asocia de forma significativa e independiente a un menor riesgo de IAM o muerte de origen cardíaco en pacientes sometidos a CRC.IntroductionStatin treatment diminishes adverse cardiac events both in primary and secondary prevention and also after percutaneous coronary intervention.ObjectiveTo study if preoperative statin treatment is associated with any clinical advantage after coronary artery surgery.MethodsWe enrolled 102 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease, scheduled for elective coronary artery surgery. Combined procedures were excluded. Preoperative treatment and the clinical baseline characteristics were recorded in all patients at inclusion. Cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were recorded during the first 30 days.ResultsSixty one patients (60%) were on preoperative statin treatment vs. 41 (40%) who were not. There were no differences at baseline level between both groups. There was one cardiac death at 30 days (1.6%) in the statin-treatment group vs. five deaths (12.2%) in the nostatin group (p=0.02). Acute myocardial infarction presented in four (6.6%) vs. eight (19.5%) (p=0.04). The primary combined cardiac endpoint made of cardiac death or AMI occurred in five (8.2%) vs. 10 (24.4%) (p=0.02). In a multivariate model, preoperative statin treatment remained an independent predictor (p=0.01; odds ratio [OR] 3.6) of cardiac death or AMI during the first 30 days after surgery.ConclusionPreoperative statin-treatment was significative and independently associated with less risk of AMI or cardiath death in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting

Global and Regional IUCN Red List Assessments: 3

In this contribution, the conservation status assessment of four vascular plants are presented according to IUCN categories and criteria. It includes the assessment at global level of Crepis lacera Ten subsp. titani (Pamp.) Roma-Marzio, G.Astuti & Peruzzi and Anthyllis hermanniae L. subsp. sicula Brullo & Giusso and the regional assessment of Commicarpus plumbagineus (Cav.) Standl. (Spain and Europe) and Ambrosia maritima L. (Italy)

A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by house mouse and black rat populations in Yucatan, Mexico

The house mouse (Mus musculus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus) are reservoir hosts for zoonotic pathogens, several of which cause neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Studies of the prevalence of these NTD-causing zoonotic pathogens, in house mice and black rats from tropical residential areas are scarce. Three hundred and two house mice and 161 black rats were trapped in 2013 from two urban neighbourhoods and a rural village in Yucatan, Mexico, and subsequently tested for Trypanosoma cruzi, Hymenolepis diminuta and Leptospira interrogans. Using the polymerase chain reaction we detected T. cruzi DNA in the hearts of 4.9% (8/165) and 6.2% (7/113) of house mice and black rats, respectively. We applied the sedimentation technique to detect eggs of H. diminuta in 0.5% (1/182) and 14.2% (15/106) of house mice and black rats, respectively. Through the immunofluorescent imprint method, L. interrogans was identified in 0.9% (1/106) of rat kidney impressions. Our results suggest that the black rat could be an important reservoir for T. cruzi and H. diminuta in the studied sites. Further studies examining seasonal and geographical patterns could increase our knowledge on the epidemiology of these pathogens in Mexico and the risk to public health posed by rodents.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

A chromosome-level genome assembly enables the identification of the follicule stimulating hormone receptor as the master sex determining gene in the flatfish Solea senegalensis

Sex determination (SD) shows huge variation among fish and a high evolutionary rate, as illustrated by the Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes). This order is characterized by its adaptation to demersal life, compact genomes and diversity of SD mechanisms. Here, we assembled the Solea senegalensis genome, a flatfish of great commercial value, into 82 contigs (614 Mb) combining long- and short-read sequencing, which were next scaffolded using a highly dense genetic map (28,838 markers, 21 linkage groups), representing 98.9% of the assembly. Further, we established the correspondence between the assembly and the 21 chromosomes by using BAC-FISH. Whole genome resequencing of six males and six females enabled the identification of 41 SNP variants in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) consistent with an XX / XY SD system. The observed sex association was validated in a broader independent sample, providing a novel molecular sexing tool. Fshr displayed differential gene expression between male and female gonads from 86 days post-fertilization, when the gonad is still an undifferentiated primordium, concomitant with the activation of amh and cyp19a1a, testis and ovary marker genes, respectively, in males and females. The Y-linked fshr allele, which included 24 non-synonymous variants and showed a highly divergent 3D protein structure, was overexpressed in males compared to the X-linked allele at all stages of gonadal differentiation. We hypothesize a mechanism hampering the action of the follicle stimulating hormone driving the undifferentiated gonad toward testis.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio