Impact of water stress and nutrition on Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Albariño’: Soil-plant water relationships, cumulative effects and productivity

The objective of the present study is to apply different systems of fertigation (rainfed, R; surface drip irrigation, DI, and subsurface drip irrigation, SDI) in Vitis vinifera (L.) cv. ‘Albariño’ to evaluate the cumulative effect of water stress (water stress integral) on yield parameters and to establish the relationship between indices and production. The study was conducted over four years (2010-2013) in a commercial vineyard (Galicia, NW Spain). The volumetric soil water content (θ) (with TDR) and predawn (ψp), midday (ψm) and stem (ψstem) leaf-water potential were determined with a water activity meter during the growing stages (flowering-harvest) from 2010-2013. The number of clusters, their weight and yield/vine were determined at harvest. Must composition was studied to evaluate nutrition treatments. Ψp is presented as the best indicator of the water status of the plant, and the sole use of θ is not recommended as a reference. The soil-plant water status variables were strongly correlated, especially between foliar variables (0.91<R2<0.98), with θ presenting the lowest reliability (0.28<R2<0.81). SDI was the treatment with the highest hydric comfort and greater yield/vine (6.1 kg) and weight per cluster (95.0 g), but lower elements concentration in must. The water stress integral showed that the veraison and harvest stages were very sensitive to water stress in vines. Linear relationships were established between Sψp and W (R2=0.65) and Y (R2=0.56) at veraison. The water stress integral is presented as a useful working tool for vine growers because it allows the prediction of future yield at early phenological statesResearch Network of the ‘Xestión Sostible da Empresa Agroalimentaria’ (IGSEA) of the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) (R2014/023)S

Proyecto de Innovación Docente en la materia de Estancias Clínicas I del Grado en Enfermería a través de la metodología “Flip Teaching”

[Resumen] Contextualización: La asignatura Estancias Clínicas I es el primer paso práctico para la inmersión de los alumnos en las técnicas de Enfermería. Actualmente se organiza con presentaciones orales en aula (parte teórica) y posteriormente, con gran carga práctica, en laboratorios, con simulación para cada técnica de 2 h, en grupos pequeños de 10 alumnos. Limitaciones: transmisión de la información teórica y su relación con la parte práctica (distanciadas en tiempo y forma), desmotivación del alumnado, falta de horas prácticas para las técnicas. Objetivos: mejorar la motivación y el aprendizaje de las competencias marcadas dentro y fuera del aula (previo a la simulación) a través de la metodología Flipped Classroom. Metodología: Cuasiexperimental. Se formarán dos grupos de alumnos (experimental implantando el Flip Teaching y control) de 30 alumnos cada uno, seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se distribuirán en grupos de 10 para la simulación en laboratorio. Grupo control: seguirá la metodología tradicional. Grupo experimental: recibirá para cada técnica, presentaciones locutadas de 20 min y videos educativos elaborados por los docentes; realizarán obligatoriamente un resumen y un foro de participación y un documento de dudas (no obligatorio); finalmente, tendrán que acertar 7 preguntas de 10 aleatorias (pull de 100), con 3 intentos posibles en un autotest. Todo ello trabajado con Moodle antes de la simulación. ¿Qué esperamos?: Mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y la motivación. Flexibilizar del aprendizaje previo a la sesión de simulación en laboratorio de las técnicas de enfermería. Ganar horas de simulación práctica al eliminar las clases teóricas presenciale

E-Health Interventions for Adult and Aging Population With Intellectual Disability: A Review

[EN]To answer the question about which e-health and e-therapy applications are being used with people with intellectual disabilities, we searched the PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. This is an extensive search. Inclusion criteria were academic journals and any design type that addressed the topic of interest. Studies that do not include adults or elderly, and studies that do not focus on people with disabilities but on third parties, were excluded. After an initial selection of 515 articles, 32 full-text articles were subjected to in-depth analysis leading to the final selection of 18 articles. We used the AAID framework definition of intellectual disability to analyze the dimensions explored by the selected studies and found that the majority of studies focused on the use of technology as supports to instrumental activities of daily life. The ISO classification of assistive products allowed us to identify that many e-health products are aimed at providing psychological or medical treatment. In summary, this review suggests that there is a very small number of studies focusing on the use of technology by older persons with intellectual disabilities. The studies present substantial limitations regarding generalization and replication and pay little attention to the maintenance of cognitive abilities in this population. These aspects, together with premature aging generally associated with many conditions that lead to intellectual disability, underscore the need to pay more attention to and develop e-health interventions for cognitive stimulation for this group

Spatiotemporal variations of organochlorine pesticides in an apex predator: Influence of government regulations and farming practices

Background: Intensification of agricultural practices has caused several negative effects to the environment. The use of fertilizers and pesticides may alter geochemical cycles or cause direct wildlife intoxication. Detrimental effects of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have forced the authorities to ban or restrict its use. This study evaluates the variation in levels of OCPs in a sentinel species in relation to changes in government regulations and the spatial configuration of agricultural practices around the nests. Methods: Between 2003 and 2007, we analysed OCP levels in 256 blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) chicks nesting in area of intensive commercial agriculture with historical frequent use of pesticides, in South-eastern Spain. We studied year-to-year variations in OCP concentrations and their relation with land use configuration around raptor nests by Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). Results: OCPs were detected in 100% samples surveyed in 2003 and 2004, while dropped to 27% in 2005, 6.8% in 2006 and 6.3% in 2007, coinciding with the ban of OCPs. The presence of the main OCPs was related to agricultural practices. In particular, endosulfan and lindane were related to irrigated crops and urban areas, while DDT-related compounds and dieldrin were associated with dry land farming. Conclusions: OCP concentrations in blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owls may respond quickly to the implementations of new regulations about the use of agricultural products. This raptor was confirmed as a good sentinel species allowing rapid detection of changes in pesticides use

Determinantes socioeconómicos de la salud en Andalucía: estudio comparado del impacto de la crisis económica en la salud de los andaluces (Proyecto IMPACT-A)

Los estudios sobre determinantes socioeconómicos de la salud se han centrado fundamentalmente en el análisis de los factores de carácter económico, es decir, en las diferencias de salud generadas por los ingresos. Sin embargo, la relación entre los ingresos y las desigualdades de salud parece ser algo más compleja. Como se ha puesto de manifiesto en recientes estudios, la inclusión de los ingresos como factor explicativo de las desigualdades de salud, aunque resulta necesaria, no es suficiente para entender la diversidad y la complejidad de otras dimensiones sociales como la educación o la clase social, que resultan igualmente relevantes en la explicación de estas desigualdades. En línea con este conjunto de consideraciones, el objetivo del presente trabajo se dirige a comparar el impacto de diferentes medidas del estatus socioeconómico (educación, clase social, ocupación e ingresos) sobre la salud auto-percibida (self-rated health - SRH) en las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas españolas, a partir de datos de los Barómetros Sanitarios del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. Adicionalmente, se estudia el efecto contextual de indicadores macroeconómicos, de servicios sanitarios, y calidad de vida mediante el diseño de diferentes modelos de regresión logística ordinal multinivel. Los datos del presente trabajo revelan que, a pesar de que España es un país que goza de una auto-percepción de la salud positiva, se observan desigualdades en la salud a nivel interregional. Si bien en nuestro país no existen grandes diferencias en la salud, los datos ponen de manifiesto que factores socioeconómicos como los ingresos, clase social, la ocupación o la educación pueden tener un importante impacto sobre la salud de los grupos en riesgo de exclusión social. En el nivel contextual, el riesgo de pobreza y el desempleo se encuentran negativamente relacionados con la auto-percepción de la salud de los españoles. Unos resultados que tienen implicaciones muy claras en el reciente contexto de crisis económica. El presente análisis aporta claros indicios de la importancia de tener unas condiciones vitales dignas para poder mantener la salud. Sin lugar a dudas vivir en la pobreza o en una condición de riesgo de caer en un estado de privación material, aumenta la probabilidad de tener una mala salud, y esta misma relación se aplica a la falta de trabajo. En este sentido, es necesario considerar el impacto socioeconómico de la actual crisis económica y los actuales recortes del gasto público en la salud de los grupos más desfavorecidos de nuestra sociedad

Efeitos da rega superficial e subsuperficial sobre a fisiologia e produção da variedade ‘Godello’ na Galiza, Noroeste de Espanha

Irrigation has been considered a controversial practice in European traditional viticulture due to potential alterations in the balance between vegetative growth and yield. In this regard, the influence of surface (DI) and subsurface (SDI) drip irrigation on physiological performance of the ‘Godello’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar was compared with a non-irrigated control (R) over three consecutive growing seasons (2012- 2014) in NW Spain. Irrigation improved vine water status; R plants reached a minimum of midday leaf water potential of –1.5 MPa, whereas DI and SDI plants reached –1.3 MPa. Stomatal conductance was unaffected by irrigation as well as chlorophyll a fluorescence. However, photosynthetic pigments were present at higher concentrations in leaves from irrigated plants than in those from R plants in 2013. In addition, R plants showed higher values for the indicators of oxidative damage. No significant yield improvements were observed for irrigated plants, although the trend was to obtain slightly higher yields under irrigation in years with low rainfall amounts. This may not encourage growers to establish irrigation systems on their vineyards. However, these results may be important with the objectives of stabilizing yield from year to yearA rega tem sido considerada uma prática controversa na viticultura tradicional Europeia devido a potenciais alterações no equilíbrio entre crescimento vegetativo e rendimento. A este respeito, a influência da irrigação por gotejamento superficial (DI) e subsuperficial (SDI) sobre o desempenho fisiológico da variedade ‘Godello’ (Vitis vinifera L.) foi comparada com uma testemunha em condições de sequeiro (R) ao longo de três anos consecutivos (2012-2014) no noroeste de Espanha. A rega melhorou o estado hídrico da videira; as plantas do tratamento R atingiram potenciais hídricos foliares ao meio-dia de –1.5 MPa, comparativamente a um valor de –1.3 MPa para as plantas dos tratamentos DI e SDI. A conductância estomática e a fluorescência da clorofila a não foram afectadas pela rega. No entanto, os pigmentos fotossintéticos apresentaram maiores concentrações em folhas de plantas regadas quando se comparam com as plantas do tratamento R em 2013. Além disso, as plantas do tratamento R apresentaram valores superiores para os indicadores de danos oxidativos. Não foi detectado nenhum incremento do rendimento nas plantas regadas, embora se tenha observado uma tendência para obtenção de rendimentos ligeiramente mais elevados sob rega em anos com baixa pluviosidade. Tal poderá não encorajar aos viticultores a implementar sistemas de rega nas suas vinhas. No entanto, estes resultados podem ser importantes para a estabilização do rendimento de ano para anoThis research was supported by the Spanish Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Project nº RTA2011-00041-C02-00, with 80% FEDER funds. J.M. Mirás-Avalos and E.M. Martínez thank Xunta de Galicia for funding their contracts through the “Isidro Parga Pondal” and “Isabel Barreto” Programmes. E. Trigo-Córdoba thanks INIA for their PhD scholarship (FPI-INIA)S

Construcción de la interculturalidad crítica en una cooperativa artesanal de mujeres rarámuri y mestizas

Due to the historical coloniality in inter-ethnic relationships between the (dominant) Mestizo population and the (subaltern), Rarámuri population in Chihuahua, Mexico, it was of interest to examine the organizational experience of a handicraft cooperative made up of 21 women from the Rarámuri and Mestizo-Western cultures in the city of Chihuahua from the standpoint of critical interculturality (as opposed to the simple recognition of multicultural presence). The objective was to identify the practice of elements of critical interculturality or expressions of coloniality in the social relationships of its members. The study employed a qualitative research approach, including first-hand observation and in-depth interviews. It identified components of the practice of critical interculturality in inter-ethnic, intra-gender and labor relationships in the organizational processes of the cooperative, for example: knowledge exchange, horizontal decision-making, mutual recognition, and capacity strengthening. It also found the presence of colonizing elements associated with market mechanisms for handicraft products and norms foreign to the Rarámuri culture. The study shows the democratizing potential of the practice of critical interculturality in sorority and exchange of cultural elements, which do not threaten the preservation of the ethnic-cultural identities of the participants.Por la existencia de la colonialidad histórica en las relaciones interétnicas entre población mestiza (dominante) y población rarámuri (subalternizada), en Chihuahua, México, interesó conocer una experiencia organizativa desde la intercultural crítica (opuesta al simple reconocimiento de la presencia multicultural), en una cooperativa artesanal integrada por 21 mujeres de las culturas rarámuri y mestiza-occidental, en la ciudad de Chihuahua. El objetivo fue identificar la práctica de elementos de la interculturalidad crítica o de expresiones de la colonialidad en las relaciones sociales de sus integrantes. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo de investigación con el uso de la observación y aplicación de entrevistas en profundidad. Se identificaron componentes de la práctica de la interculturalidad crítica en las relaciones, interétnicas, intragenéricas y laborales en procesos organizativos de la cooperativa, como: intercambio de saberes, toma de decisiones horizontales, reconocimiento mutuo, fortalecimiento de capacidades. También, presencia de elementos colonizadores asociados a mecanismos de mercado de productos artesanales y normatividades ajenas a la cultura rarámuri. El potencial democratizador de la práctica de la interculturalidad crítica se visibilizó en la sororidad e intercambio de elementos culturales, que no atentan la preservación de las identidades étnico culturales de las participantes

Subscapular and triceps skinfolds reference values of Hispanic American children and adolescents and their comparison with the reference of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Introduction: the assessment of the skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. Therefore, it is a useful tool for nutritional diagnosis and prevention of metabolic risk associated with excess fat in chilhood and adolescence. Objective: to provide percentiles of subscapular and triceps skinfolds for Hispanic American schoolchildren and compare them with those published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from United States, that it have been commonly used as a reference in most of these countries. Methods: subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 9.973 schoolchildren 4-19 aged from Spain, Argentina, Cuba, Venezuela and Mexico with Holtain caliper with 0.2 mm accuracy. Percentiles were obtained with the LMS statistical method and were presented in tables divided in stages of 6 months and in curves graphics. The difference between Hispanic American and CDC mean values were provided for P3, P50 and P97 in mm and also were graphically represented. Results: skinfolds measurements obviously increased with age in both sexes but, in boys, this increase is much more marked in highest percentiles between 8 and 13 years; this maximum is reached earlier than what occurs in CDC reference. In both sexes, all percentiles analized in Hispanic American schoolchildren were higher than the CDC reference except P97 up to 10 or 13 years that was notably smaller. Conclusions: the skinfolds percentiles of Hispanic American children and adolescents differ from CDC that are usually used as reference. The values of subscapular and triceps skinfolds provided in this study, could be applied to populations of a similar ethnic background, especially in comparative studies of body composition

Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain)

[EN] The Mediterranean region is a climate change hotspot, especially concerning issues of hydrological planning and urban water supply systems. In this context, the Jucar River Basin (Spain) presents an increase of frequency, intensity and duration of extreme meteorological phenomena, such as torrential rains, droughts or heat waves, which directly affect the quantity and quality of raw water available for drinking. This paper aims to analyze the effects of climate change on the raw water quality of the Jucar River Basin District, which mainly supplies the city of Valencia and its metropolitan area, in order to adapt drinking water treatments to new conditions and opportunities. For this purpose, we used observed data of water quality parameters from four stations and climate drivers from seven Earth system models of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 6. To model water quality (turbidity and conductivity) in the past and future scenarios, this study employs a backward stepwise regression taking into account daily values of mean temperature, maximum temperature, total rainfall and minimum and maximum relative humidity. Results showed that the model performance of the water quality simulation is more adequate for short moving-average windows (about 2-7 days) for turbidity and longer windows (about 30-60 days) for conductivity. Concerning the future scenarios, the most significant change was found in the projected increase of conductivity for the station of the Jucar river, between 4 and 11% by 2100, respectively, under the medium (SSP2-4.5) and pessimistic (SSP5-8.5) emission scenarios. The joint use of these types of management and monitoring tools may help the managers in charge of carrying out the different water treatments needed to apply a better plan to raw water and may help them identify future threats and investment needs to adapt the urban water supply systems to the changing conditions of raw water, such as turbidity or conductivity, as a consequence of climate change.This research was co-funded by the Agencia Valenciana de la Innovacio, through the study "Aplicacion de los servicios climaticos para el desarrollo de una estrategia de adaptacion al cambio climatico de los sistemas urbanos de abastecimiento" (INNTA3/2020/14), as well as by EIT Climate-KIC, financing the CRISI-ADAP-II project (EIT-CKIC-TC_2.13.7_190799), and supported by the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO) of the Spanish Government under the "IMpacts of climate change on wetlands Affected by GroUndwAter (IMAGUA)" project.Gómez-Martínez, G.; Galiano, L.; Rubio, T.; Prado-López, C.; Redolat, D.; Paradinas Blázquez, C.; Gaitán, E.... (2021). Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain). Water. 13(17):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172424S117131