Tecnología para la prevención y cuidado de personas con diabetes

In this paper we present a description about diabetes and an account of some technological developments that have been made over the years with the intention of improving the quality of life of diabetics. Diabetes being one of the first 4 non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with the highest number of patients and a high mortality rate, not only in Mexico, but worldwide. En este trabajo se presenta una descripción acerca de la diabetes y un recuento de algunos desarrollos tecnológicos que se han fabricado a lo largo de los años con la intención de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas diabéticas. Siendo la diabetes una de las primeras cuatro enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) con mayor cantidad de pacientes y una gran tasa de mortalidad, no solo en México, si no a nivel mundia

Tecnologías en apoyo al traslado y acceso a la información destinado a personas con discapacidad visual

Our current project will address an approach to people with visual impairment. The main characteristics that are typified with this condition, in addition to the different degrees of visual acuity, range from moderate difficulty with seeing clearly to total blindness. The project will address how demographic location directly impacts access to resources that would allow people to improve their condition, as well as a brief review of technological developments that can significantly improve their quality of life, allowing a degree of autonomy and, as a consequence, improve their self-esteem. Because this condition is ranked as the second most common cause of disability in Mexico and the world, after physical disabilities, it is very important to consider incorporating the use of new technologies in academic, social, and work spaces. Information and communication technologies allow access to relevant information that helps each individual improve in different areas, enhancing personal development. Another important factor is the acceptance of the technology by the user who, despite needing it, may refuse to use it because they might look different and / or suffer discrimination. Due to the fact that underdeveloped countries have larger populations of people with special needs, the trend is focused on low-cost development, making it easier for low-income groups to acquire technology, providing important tools to access information in their environment with specific contentEn el presente trabajo se hace un acercamiento a las condiciones de personas con discapacidad visual, características principales, categorías en las que se encuentran según el grado de agudeza visual, que van desde la dificultad moderada para ver con claridad hasta la ceguera total, y cómo la ubicación demográfica impacta directamente en el acceso de recursos que permiten mejorar su condición, además de un breve recuento sobre algunos desarrollos tecnológicos que se han fabricado en el tiempo con la finalidad de ofrecer herramientas que apoyen a mejorar significativamente la calidad de vida, lo que permite un grado de autonomía y como consecuencia mejoran la autoestima. Siendo la segunda causa de discapacidad en México y el mundo, después de las dificultades para moverse, es de suma importancia considerar el uso de nuevas tecnologías para la inclusión en espacios académicos, sociales y laborales, por lo que las tecnologías de información y comunicación permiten el acceso a información relevante en distintos ámbitos de desarrollo personal de cada individuo. Otro factor importante es la aceptación de la tecnología por parte del usuario que, a pesar de presentar la necesidad de usar tecnología, podría tener cierto rechazo hacia ella por el miedo a verse diferente o sufrir discriminación. Debido a que los países subdesarrollados cuentan con poblaciones mayores de personas con capacidades múltiples, la tendencia se centra en los desarrollos de bajo costo, que hacen más fácil la adquisición de tecnología por parte de grupos de bajos recursos, y otorgan herramientas importantes para acceder a información, tanto del entorno, como contenido específico para el proceso de aprendizaje

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 11

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 11, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Tecnología para la prevención y cuidado de personas con diabetes

In this paper we present a description about diabetes and an account of some technological developments that have been made over the years with the intention of improving the quality of life of diabetics. Diabetes being one of the first 4 non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with the highest number of patients and a high mortality rate, not only in Mexico, but worldwide. En este trabajo se presenta una descripción acerca de la diabetes y un recuento de algunos desarrollos tecnológicos que se han fabricado a lo largo de los años con la intención de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas diabéticas. Siendo la diabetes una de las primeras cuatro enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) con mayor cantidad de pacientes y una gran tasa de mortalidad, no solo en México, si no a nivel mundia

Early Genomic, Epidemiological, and Clinical Description of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Mexico City

Omicron is the most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant&mdash;a factor that can affect transmissibility, disease severity, and immune evasiveness. Its genomic surveillance is important in cities with millions of inhabitants and an economic center, such as Mexico City. Results. From 16 November to 31 December 2021, we observed an increase of 88% in Omicron prevalence in Mexico City. We explored the R346K substitution, prevalent in 42% of Omicron variants, known to be associated with immune escape by monoclonal antibodies. In a phylogenetic analysis, we found several independent exchanges between Mexico and the world, and there was an event followed by local transmission that gave rise to most of the Omicron diversity in Mexico City. A haplotype analysis revealed that there was no association between haplotype and vaccination status. Among the 66% of patients who have been vaccinated, no reported comorbidities were associated with Omicron; the presence of odynophagia and the absence of dysgeusia were significant predictor symptoms for Omicron, and the RT-qPCR Ct values were lower for Omicron. Conclusions. Genomic surveillance is key to detecting the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants in a timely manner, even weeks before the onset of an infection wave, and can inform public health decisions and detect the spread of any mutation that may affect therapeutic efficacy

Posters del II Coloquio Unadista en Educación a Distancia y Virtual. Calidad Educativa en la UNAD

En esta sección se define todos los poster relacionado