Leucaena leucocephala cv Perú in Association with Graminaceae in Dryland Conditions for Final Bovine Fattening Stage

To evaluate the factors that affect efficiency in a Leucaena leucocephala cv Perú association, with pastures for bovine fattening, 22 Zebu fattening cycles were studied on a farm of the Rectangulo Livestock Company, in Camagüey, Cuba, between 2002 and 2012. The local soil is brown without carbonates. The climate is tropical humid, and the annual precipitation average is 1 183mm. The factors evaluated were food balance, duration of the fattening cycle, and quantity of animals/cycle. The daily weight gain and expenses/income per operation were also analyzed. The pasture and Leucaena percentages were determined by plant counts. Food balances were estimated. The final value of the population of Leucaena cv Perú was 93% (P <0.05), with an increase in common Bermuda grass and other pastures. Short duration tests showed much higher gains (P <0.05), with values above 1.0 kg/animal/day. The number of animal/cycle (P <0.05) produced higher gains with fewer animals. Forest-grazing in association with Leucaena leucocephala cv Perú-graminaceae under dryland conditions produced mean daily gains above 0.800 kg/animal/day in the final stage of fattening bulls, based on food balances with adequate biological and economic results. The best behavior was observed in the shortest cycles, where the highest final weight/animal values were achieved, with fewer expenses and higher income

Leucaena leucocephala cv Perú asociada con gramíneas en secano para ceba final bovina

To evaluate the factors that affect efficiency in a Leucaena leucocephala cv Perú association with pastures for bovine fattening, 22 Zebu fattening cycles were studied on a farm of the Rectángulo Livestock Company, in Camagüey, Cuba, between 2002 and 2012. The local soil is brown without carbonates. The climate is tropical humid, and annual precipitation averages 1 183 mm . The factors evaluated were, food balance, duration of the fattening cycle, and quantity of animals/cycle. The daily weight gain and expenses/income per operation were also analyzed. The pasture and Leucaena percents were determined by plant counts. Food balances were made. Leucaena cv Perú reached final values of 93 % (P < 0.05) with an increase in common Bermuda grass and others. Short duration tests showed much higher gains (P < 0.05), with values above 1.0 kg/animal/day. The number of animal/cycle (P < 0.05) produced higher gains with fewer animals. Forest grazing in association with Leucaena leucocephala cv Perú-graminaeae in drylands produced mean daily gains above 0.800 kg/animal/day in the final stage of fattening bulls, according to food balances with adequate biological and economic results, and the best behavior in the shortest cycles, where the highest final weight/animal values were achieved, with fewer expenses and higher income.Con el objetivo de evaluar factores que afectan la eficiencia en una asociación de Leucaena leucocephala cv Perú con pastos para ceba final de bovinos, se analizaron desde el 2002 al 2012, 22 ciclos de ceba de toros Cebú en una finca de la Empresa Pecuaria Rectángulo de ceba en Camagüey, Cuba. El suelo es Pardo sin Carbonatos. El clima es tropical húmedo (Aw) y precipitación anual de 1 183 mm . Los factores evaluados fueron: balance alimentario, duración de ciclo de ceba y cantidad de animales/ciclo. Se analizaron índices de ganancia diaria de peso, gastos e ingresos por operación. Se determinaron los por cientos de pastos y Leucaena por conteo de plantas. Se realizaron balances alimentarios. Leucaena cv Perú alcanzó valores finales del 93 % (P < 0,05) en su población, con incremento de Guinea común y otros pastos. Las pruebas de corta duración logran ganancias muy superiores (P < 0,05) con valores por encima de 1,0 kg/animal/día. El número de animales/ciclo afectó (P < 0,05) por mayores ganancias con menos animales. La tecnología de silvopastoreo con asociación de Leucaena leucocephala cv Perú-gramíneas en secano, permitió obtener ganancias medias diarias por encima de 0,800 kg/animal/día en toros de ceba final evaluadas por balances alimentarios con resultados biológicos y económicos muy adecuados y el mejor comportamiento para los ciclos más cortos, donde se obtuvieron los mayores pesos finales/animal, con menos gastos por suplementos y mayores ingresos

Impacto bio-económico de cambios estratégicos en el manejo de búfalos de río Murrah

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of a strategy of changes to manage the bio-economic efficiency of a Murrah Buffalo production system in the province of Camagüey, Cuba, located 210 north and 770 west, 217 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical humid (Aw) plain. The mean annual precipitations average 1 180 mm (71 % between May and October), and temperature is between 24 and 29° C. The local soil is carbonated brown, brown without carbonates, and reddish-brown fersiallitic. The system comprises 5 100 ha and has 536 workers/year. A strategy to introduce management changes in agro-technology, food, reproduction, replacement, health, salary policies, and training was implemented as part of an innovation package with a systemic and participatory approach. The evaluation lasted eight years, and it was critical to increase dairy production in more than 200 000 kg/year in 2012, in comparison to 2004, with improvements in natality and reduction of operational expenses of the system. It was concluded that the strategy had a determining effect on the system's indicators.El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de una estrategia de cambios en el manejo en la eficiencia bio-económica de un sistema cooperativo de producción de Búfalos Murrah de Camagüey en Cuba, localizado en los 210 Norte y los 770 Oeste a 217 msnm. El clima es tropical húmedo (Aw) de llanura. La media anual de las precipitaciones fue de 1 180 mm (71 % de mayo a octubre) y temperaturas entre 24 y 29° C. El suelo es pardo carbonatado, pardos sin carbonatos y fersialíticos pardo rojizos. El sistema ocupa un área de 5 100 ha y emplea 536 trabajadores/año. Una estrategia de cambios en el manejo agro-técnico, alimentario, reproductivo, de reemplazos, en salud, política de salarios y determinadas acciones de capacitación fue puesta en práctica como una especie de paquete innovador con enfoque sistémico y participativo. La evaluación se desarrolló durante ocho años y fue determinante en el incremento de la producción de leche en más de 200 000 kg/año en el 2012 respecto al 2004, con una mejora en la natalidad y reducción en los gastos operacionales del sistema. Se concluye que la estrategia tuvo un efecto determinante en el comportamiento favorable de los indicadores del sistema

Veterinaria Organización España Milk production and sustainability of the dairy livestock systems with a high calving concentrate pattern at the early spring

Milk production and sustainability of the dairy livestock systems with a high calving concentrate pattern at the early spring REDVET. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria, vol. 17, núm. 5, mayo, 2016, pp. 1-7 Veterinaria Organización Málaga, España Resumen Los resultados fueron obtenidos de la informacion de 210 fincas lecheras con alta concentración de partos al inicio de la primavera (60-80% de los partos anuales) y se encontraron efectos importantes en la produccion de leche y menores volumenes de combustible/1000 kg de leche producida que en los patrones menos concentrados de los restantes sistemas lecheros. Las respuestas en produccion de leche fueron mayores en un rango de 21 506 kg a 46 250 kg respecto a los otros sistemas con un patron mas irregular. Los costos operacionales disminuyeron entre 29.7% a 35.1% en los sistemas mas concentrados. Los resultados de diferentes indicadores de sostenibilidad de los sistemas mas concentrados indican mayor eficiencia, con uso de menos suplementos, costos energeticos reducidos/ kg de leche/ vaca y por ha y menos calentamiento global por emisiones reducidas de metano entre 31-27% y una mejor relación concentrado-forrajes que en los restantes sistemas. Los balances de nitrógeno se encontraron en un rango de -7.2 kg/ha/año a 16.4 kg/ha/año y valores de 14-29 % y 11-36% de descarga de Azufre (S) y REDVET Rev. Electrón. vet. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet 2016 Volumen 17 Nº 5 -http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n050516.html Milk production and sustainability of the dairy livestock systems with a high calving concentrate pattern at the early spring http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n050516/051603.pdf 2 Fósforo (P) al ambiente. Los patrones de parición concentrada al inicio de lluvias tuvieron mayor eficiencia bio-económica y sostenibilidad que los otros sistemas lecheros en el año. Palabras clave: Vacas, estación del año, pastoreo, rendimiento lácteo, economía, ambiente, Abstract A research was development with the objective to evaluate the effects of different factors that affect the efficiency of the calving concentrate pattern at the early spring dairy systems in Cuban since 1988 until 2013. The results were obtained for the information of 210 dairy farms with high concentration of calving in early spring (60-80% of calving of annual) and find an important effects on more milk production and minor quantities of fuel oil consumed /1000 kg of milk produced than non concentrate calving pattern dairy systems. In theses cases the responses on milk production was great in the range of 21506kg to 46250kg respect to others. The operational costs were diminished in all time with pattern of early spring calving on 35.1% -29.7%. The results reached, with low supplements, minor energy costs per kg of milk produced per/cow and ha with high calving concentration in spring respect to the others systems with disorder in calving pattern are superior. The global warming potential (GWP) in the systems with high concentration of calving in early spring was approximately 31-27 % minor the methane production based in more better Forage-Concentrate relation (81% forages-19% concentrates) in the feed than the others systems, and positives balances of Nitrogen with values of -7.2 kg./ha./year to16.4 kg./ha./year and values of 14-29 % and 11-36% of minor discharge of the Sulfur (S) and Phosphorus (P) to the environment respectively than confirm the sustainability of the seasonal milk production systems in Cuban dairy farms conditions

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved