Reseña: Proyectar con la naturaleza: Ian McHarg

Peer Reviewe

Vivir con el agua: puesta en valor de las riberas del río Cauca en la ciudad de Cali

El siguiente trabajo pretende evaluar las zonas potenciales que las riberas de los ríos generan para la urbanidad de una ciudad, formando espacios de intercambio y de gran significación urbana. Así mismo las inundaciones crean espacios dinámicos, ricos en posibilidades espaciales y actividades relacionados convirtiendo el problema en oportunidad. La ciudad de Cali cuenta en su costado oriente con el río Cauca que al igual que muchos sistemas fluviales, están existiendo en medio de la ciudad, sin relacionarse con la misma pero que plantea enormes posibilidades. Esta caracterización de espacios se lleva a cabo gracias a la una nueva lectura territorial intencionada. Esta lectura se realiza a diferentes escalas para el reconocimiento de elementos de los sistemas urbanos y naturales, para la posible implementación de operaciones y actividades más amable con el río dependiendo de la capacidad del territorio. El trabajo se presenta complementariamente a otros estudios que se han presentado sobre el río Cauca, la ciudad de Cali y sus sistemas hidráulicos, con la intención de encontrar la relación entre los elementos y leer este espacio de manera conjunta. Este trabajo intenta generar conclusiones a tener en cuenta sobre el río en consonancia a la ciudad para posibles reflexiones proyectuales.The following work aims to evaluate the potential zones that riverbanks generate for the urbanity of a city, forming spaces of interchange and of great urban significance. Likewise, floods create dynamic spaces, rich in spatial possibilities and related activities, turning the problem into an opportunity. The city of Cali has the Cauca River on its eastern side, which, like many river systems, exists in the middle of the city, without being related to it, but which offers enormous possibilities. This characterization of spaces is carried out thanks to a new intentional territorial reading. This reading is done at different scales for the recognition of elements of urban and natural systems, for the possible implementation of operations and activities more friendly to the river depending on the capacity of the territory. The work is presented complementary to other studies that have been presented on the Cauca River, the city of Cali and its hydraulic systems, with the intention of finding the relationship between the elements and read this space together. This work intends to generate conclusions to be taken into account about the river in relation to the city for possible project reflections

From the economic to the social contribution of the Social Economy. Monetary assessment of the social value created for the Spanish economy

The role of the Social Economy (SE) in society is increasingly acknowledged by social agents and institutions, especially in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Commitment to SE requires the support of quantitative measurement of its contribution to society from an aggregate perspective. The difficulty in specifying it in quantitative terms is related to the assessment of the contribution of SE?s differentiating and intrinsic values. These values contribute to the fight against some structural problems that persist in modern society in terms of unemployment, inequality, territorial imbalance, environmental problems and social exclusion that surpass the economic sphere and involve the contribution to social goals, social utility and social and territorial cohesion. Our objective is an assessment in quantitative terms, including an estimation, in monetary terms, of the specific contribution of Social Market Economy (SMkE) firms to society linked to their distinctive principles, and thus their behaviour, in comparison to traditional profit-oriented firms, used as a control group. We use impact analysis techniques, with a simulation exercise, by which SMkE entities ?lose? their identity and behave like profit-oriented firms. The results obtained for Spain confirm the existence of differential behaviour that generates social value in several ways. In monetary terms, in 2017, SMkEs contributed 6,229 million Euros in benefits to Spanish society that would have been lost if SMkE entities had behaved like profit-oriented firms

Desafíos contemporáneos de la protección de los derechos humanos en el Sistema Interamericano

116 p.Este libro, denominado Desafíos contemporáneos para la protección de los derechos humanos en el Sistema Interamericano, contiene resultados del proyecto de investigación Desafíos contemporáneos para la protección de derechos humanos en escenarios de posconflicto desde enfoques interdisciplinarios, que hace parte de la línea de investigación Fundamentación e implementación de los derechos humanos, del grupo de investigación Persona, Instituciones y Exigencias de Justicia. El grupo es reconocido y categorizado como tipo B por el Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Colciencias), registrado con el código COL0120899 y vinculado con el Centro de Investigaciones Sociojurídicas de la Universidad Católica (CISJUC), adscrito y financiado por la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad.Presentación Introducción Capítulo 1. El plazo razonable a la luz de los estándares de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos Capítulo 2. Reclutamiento ilícito de niños y niñas en Colombia: marcos de protección en el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos Capítulo 3. Criterios vinculantes a la jurisdicción militar en los casos mexicanos ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos Capítulo 4. Elementos jurídicos y de legitimación para acuerdos de paz con miras al posconflicto Conclusión general. A manera de exordio Bibliografí

Effect of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Circulating Myokine Levels Compared with the Effect of Bariatric Surgery or a Low-Calorie Diet in Patients with Obesity

The preservation of muscle mass and muscle function after weight loss therapy is currently a considerable challenge in the fight against obesity. Muscle mass secretes proteins called myokines that have relevant functions in the regulation of metabolism and health. This study was aimed to evaluate whether a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet may modulate myokine levels, in addition to changes in body composition, compared to a standard, balanced low-calorie (LC) diet or bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. Body composition, ketosis, insulin sensitivity and myokines were evaluated in 79 patients with overweight/obesity after a therapy to lose weight with a VLCK diet, a LC diet or bariatric surgery. The follow-up was 6 months. The weight loss therapies induced changes in myokine levels in association with changes in body composition and biochemical parameters. The effects on circulating myokine levels compared to those at baseline were stronger after the VLCK diet than LC diet or bariatric surgery. Differences reached statistical significance for IL-8, MMP2 and irisin. In conclusion, nutritional interventions or bariatric surgery to lose weight induces changes in circulating myokine levels, being this effect potentially most notable after following a VLCK dietThis work was supported by the PronoKal Group® and grants from the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, PI17/01287 research projects and CIBERobn (CB06/03/0003, CB12/03/30007, CB12/03/30002, CB06/03/0018) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigación; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Health Department of the Government of Navarra (48/2009), Spain and Linea Especial “Nutrition, Obesity and Health” (University of Navarra LE/97). Ana B Crujeiras is funded by a research contract “Miguel Servet” (CP17/00088) from the ISCIII, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)S

Perfil profesional del revisor fiscal y el auditor respecto a la NIA 500

Introduction: the study of ISA 500 and the      professional profile of the auditor and the auditor, It has been divided into two main areas, one related to the procedural professional profile in the audit and other professional oriented profile, which refers to the skills they should acquire the auditor to comply with the provisions of the regulation to enter into force. Justification: the realization of this study comes with the intention of investigating to near the level of updating and training in the exercise of the profession. It has a theoretical and practical connotation. Antecedent: Latin America a higher level policy development in countries such as Mexico and Costa Rica, Colombia is denoted meanwhile, is in transition period and preparation about it. Methodology: It implements a non-experimental cross-sectional design is powerful and descriptive and correlational documentary. Results: analyzing information graphically and study correlation between variables is shown. Conclusions: the research work is credited with comprehensive, coherent and relevant as a tool in the process of training and updating of the profession.El estudio de la NIA 500 y el perfil profesional del revisor fiscal y el auditor en ésta, se ha dividido en dos ámbitos principales, uno relacionado con su función procedimental en la Auditoría y otro orientado en el perfil profesional, el cual hace referencia a las aptitudes que deberá adquirir el auditor para cumplir con lo establecido por la normatividad a entrar en vigor. Justificación: la realización de éste estudio surge con la intención de indagar a cerca del nivel de actualización y capacitación en el ejercicio de la profesión. Tiene una connotación teórico-práctica.  Antecedentes: a nivel Latinoamérica se denota un desarrollo normativo superior en países como México y Costa Rica, Colombia por su parte, se encuentra en periodo de transición y preparación al respecto. Metodología: implementa un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, es de alcance descriptivo y de tipo documental y correlacional. Resultados: se muestra el análisis de la información de manera gráfica y el estudio entre las variables de correlación. Conclusiones: al trabajo investigativo se le atribuye comprensivo, coherente y pertinente como instrumento en el proceso de capacitación y actualización de la profesión

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia Departamento del Huila

El presente informe tiene como fin mostrar diversas experiencias de violencia que han afectado a muchos colombianos, pues se padece un conflicto armado que hoy por hoy sigue dejando victimas perjudicadas en el ámbito multidimensional. La pérdida de la identidad, el desarraigo, el estigma por suponer que se hace parte de un grupo guerrillero, el ser perseguidos y amenazados de muerte, son emergentes psicosociales que dan fruto a raíz de esta absurda guerra. En este trabajo, se exponen dos casos resultados del conflicto armado; el relato de Carlos Arturo Bravo y el de Peñas Coloradas. En el primer caso, se realiza un análisis de relatos y se formulan preguntas de carácter reflexivo, circular y estratégicas con base en la narrativa del protagonista. Para el segundo punto en mención, se crearon estrategias de acompañamiento psicosocial de reconstrucción de memoria y de perspectiva narrativa, que permiten dar re significación en cada persona que vivió dicha experiencia traumática, así mismo, que pueden tener un equilibrio emocional, recuperar su sentido de sí mismo y de seguridad en el territorio. En la parta final del documento, se exhibe un salón de exposiciones a cerca de la actividad realizada en el paso 3, “foto voz”, donde se podrá evidenciar un trabajo realizado por cada estudiante que muestra los múltiples tipos de violencia desde cada contexto y que reflejan subjetividades de sufrimiento, pero también de resiliencia y esperanza. Palabras clave: Narrativa, Memoria, Subjetividad, Acompañamiento Psicosocial, Violencia.This report aims to show various experiences of violence that have affected many Colombians since they are suffering from an armed conflict that today continues to leave victims harmed in the multidimensional sphere. The loss of identity, uprooting, the stigma for assuming that one is part of a guerrilla group, and being persecuted and threatened with death, are psychosocial emergents that bear fruit from this absurd war. This work exposes two cases resulting from the armed conflict; the story of Carlos Arturo Bravo and Peñas Coloradas. Based on the first case, the protagonist's narrative was analyzed, and reflective, circular, and strategic questions were formulated. On the other hand, psychosocial accompaniment, strategies for memory reconstruction, and narrative perspective were created in the second case mentioned. It allows resignification for each person who lived through said traumatic experience. Likewise, it helps them to have an emotional balance and recover their sense of themselves and security in the territory. In the final part of the document, the activity carried out in step 3, "photo voice," is exhibited. There will be possible to demonstrate a work carried out by each student that shows the multiple types of violence that reflect subjectivities of suffering but also of resilience and hope. Keywords: Narrative, Memory, Subjectivity, Psychosocial Accompaniment, Violence

NKG2D-CAR-transduced natural killer cells efficiently target multiple myeloma

CAR-T-cell therapy against MM currently shows promising results, but usually with serious toxicities. CAR-NK cells may exert less toxicity when redirected against resistant myeloma cells. CARs can be designed through the use of receptors, such as NKG2D, which recognizes a wide range of ligands to provide broad target specificity. Here, we test this approach by analyzing the antitumor activity of activated and expanded NK cells (NKAE) and CD45RA− T cells from MM patients that were engineered to express an NKG2D-based CAR. NKAE cells were cultured with irradiated Clone9.mbIL21 cells. Then, cells were transduced with an NKG2D-4-1BB-CD3z-CAR. CAR-NKAE cells exhibited no evidence of genetic abnormalities. Although memory T cells were more stably transduced, CAR-NKAE cells exhibited greater in vitro cytotoxicity against MM cells, while showing minimal activity against healthy cells. In vivo, CAR-NKAE cells mediated highly efficient abrogation of MM growth, and 25% of the treated mice remained disease free. Overall, these results demonstrate that it is feasible to modify autologous NKAE cells from MM patients to safely express a NKG2D-CAR. Additionally, autologous CAR-NKAE cells display enhanced antimyeloma activity demonstrating that they could be an effective strategy against MM supporting the development of NKG2D-CAR-NK-cell therapy for MM.This study was supported by a grant from the Spanish Society for Hematology and Hemotherapy to Alejandra Leivas, the CRIS Foundation to Beat Cancer and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI18/01519)

Different HCV Exposure Drives Specific miRNA Profile in PBMCs of HIV Patients

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are essential players in HIV and HCV infections, as both viruses modulate cellular miRNAs and interact with the miRNA-mediated host response. We aim to analyze the miRNA profile of HIV patients with different exposure to HCV to explore specific signatures in the miRNA profile of PBMCs for each type of infection. We massively sequenced small RNAs of PBMCs from 117 HIV+ infected patients: 45 HIV+ patients chronically infected with HCV (HIV/HCV+), 36 HIV+ that spontaneously clarified HCV after acute infection (HIV/HCV-) and 36 HIV+ patients without previous HCV infection (HIV). Thirty-two healthy patients were used as healthy controls (HC). Differential expression analysis showed significantly differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs in HIV/HCV+ (n = 153), HIV/HCV- (n = 169) and HIV (n = 153) patients. We found putative dysregulated pathways, such as infectious-related and PI3K signaling pathways, common in all contrasts. Specifically, putatively targeted genes involved in antifolate resistance (HIV/HV+), cancer-related pathways (HIV/HCV-) and HIF-signaling (HIV) were identified, among others. Our findings revealed that HCV strongly influences the expression profile of PBMCs from HIV patients through the disruption of its miRNome. Thus, different HCV exposure can be identified by specific miRNA signatures in PBMCs.This work has been supported by grants from Institute of Health Carlos III, [PI15CIII/00031 and PI18CIII/00020/ to AFR and VB] and the Foundation Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio-Santander [grant number 1.010.932 to AFR] and the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RD16CIII/0002/0002), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CB21/13/00044). AFR is supported by the Miguel Servet programme from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII) [CP14/CIII/00010 and CPII20CIII/0001].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estimation of the allergenic potential of urban trees and urban parks: Towards the healthy design of urban green spaces of the future

The impact of allergens emitted by urban green spaces on health is one of the main disservices of ecosystems. The objective of this work is to establish the potential allergenic value of some tree species in urban environments, so that the allergenicity of green spaces can be estimated through application of the Index of Urban Green Zones Allergenicity (IUGZA). Multiple types of green spaces in Mediterranean cities were selected for the estimation of IUGZ. The results show that some of the ornamental species native to the Mediterranean are among the main causative agents of allergy in the population; in particular, Oleaceae, Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, and Platanus hispanica. Variables of the strongest impact on IUGZA were the bioclimatic characteristics of the territory and design aspects, such as the density of trees and the number of species. We concluded that the methodology to assess the allergenicity associated with urban trees and urban areas presented in this work opens new perspectives in the design and planning of urban green spaces, pointing out the need to consider the potential allergenicity of a species when selecting plant material to be used in cities. Only then can urban green areas be inclusive spaces, in terms of public health.This work has been made possible thanks to members of the Silva MediterraneaWorking Group on Urban and Peri-Urban Forestry (FAO WG7) and COST Action FP1204 Green Infrastructure approach: linking environmental with social aspects in studying and managing urban forests. Nezha Acil thanks the technical sta of ISESCO park for their help during his first visit to the park. Maria Beatrice Andreucci also thanks students Giada Di Sante, Guglielmo Pirri e Daniele Purini for her course in Environmental Technological Design of the Master degree in Landscape Architecture at Sapienza Università di Roma for participation in the tree inventory and Duilio Iamonico for the tree taxonomy classification review. The research by the Slovenian Forestry Institute was financially supported by the Program and Research group P4-0107 “Forest ecology, biology and technology” funded by the Slovenian Research Agency.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio