La novela corta en los catálogos del librero Alonso y Padilla

This article focuses on the presence of the seventeenth-century short novel in the catalogues that Pedro Joseph Alonso y Padilla handed out in his bookshop. Different versions of the catalogues that the bookseller compiled from 1720 to 1740 have been analyzed as well as the titles that he actually edited. The criteria for the selection of titles are difficult to guess, yet it is quite revealing that he drew particular attention to such prominent writers as Cervantes, Zayas, Carvajal, Castillo Solórzano or Salas Barbadillo.Este artículo sondea la presencia de la novela corta del siglo XVII en los catálogos que Pedro Joseph Alonso y Padilla fue distribuyendo en su librería. Se han tenido en cuenta las distintas versiones de lo que hizo desde 1720 a 1740, analizando después aquellos títulos que realmente editó. Por qué eligió unos y no otros se antoja difícil de averiguar, pero sí que es revelador el hecho de que se fijara en nombres tan representativos como Cervantes, Zayas, Carvajal, Castillo Solórzano o Salas Barbadillo

Imitar al que imita: Castillo Solórzano y el "Epítome a la historia de fray Tomás de Villanueva" de Quevedo

Alonso de Castillo Solórzano includes in his Sagrario de Valencia a compendium of seven stories of saints and blessed related to Valencia, including the brother Tomás de Villanueva. He confesses to have used the text written by Miguel Bartolomé Salón as a source, but nothing says about the Epítome a la vida of this Augustinian friar, written by Quevedo, which Solórzano is imitating in fact. The object of this article is to analyse this particular circumstance and the different ways of the rewriting of Castillo SolórzanoAlonso de Castillo Solórzano recoge en su Sagrario de Valencia un compedio de siete vidas de santos o beatos vinculados con esta ciudad, entre los que se encuentra fray Tomás de Villanueva. Confiesa haber tomado como fuente a Miguel Bartolomé Salón pero nada dice del Epítome a la vida de este agustino escrita por Quevedo, a quien realmente está siguiendo. Este artículo aborda esta particular circunstancia y los distintos modos de reescritura llevados a cabo por Castillo Solórzano

Development of an improved 3D in vitro intestinal model to perform permeability studies of paracellular compounds

The small intestine is the primary site of drug absorption following oral administration, making paramount the proper monitoring of the absorption process. In vitro tools to predict intestinal absorption are particularly important in preclinical drug development since they are less laborious and cost-intensive and raise less ethical considerations compared to in vivo studies. The Caco-2 model is considered the gold standard of in vitro intestinal models regarding the prediction of absorption of orally delivered compounds. However, this model presents several drawbacks, such as the expression of tighter tight junctions, not being suitable to perform permeability of paracellular compounds. Besides, cells are representative of only one intestinal cell type, without considering the role of non-absorptive cells on the absorption pathway of drugs. In the present study, we developed a new three-dimensional (3D) intestinal model that aims to bridge the gap between in vitro tools and animal studies. Our 3D model comprises a collagen layer with human intestinal fibroblasts (HIFs) embedded, mimicking the intestinal lamina propria and providing 3D support for the epithelium, composed of Caco-2 cells and mucus-producing HT29-MTX cells, creating a model that can better resemble, both in terms of composition and regarding the outcomes of drug permeability when testing paracellular compounds, the human small intestine. The optimization of the collagen layer with HIFs was performed, testing different collagen concentrations and HIF seeding densities in order to avoid collagen contraction before day 14, maintaining HIF metabolically active inside the collagen disks during time in culture. HIF morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were assessed, confirming that fibroblasts presented a normal and healthy elongated shape and secreted fibronectin and laminin, remodeling the collagen matrix. Regarding the epithelial layer, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values decreased when cells were in the 3D configuration, comparing with the 2D analogs (Caco-2 and coculture of Caco-2+HT29-MTX models), becoming more similar with in vivo values. The permeability assay with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Dextran 4 kDa showed that absorption in the 3D models is significantly higher than that in the 2D models, confirming the importance of using a more biorelevant model when testing the paracellular permeability of compounds

Lifestyle changes and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A repeated, cross-sectional web survey

This study aimed to compare self-reported changes on lifestyle behaviors during two phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, and to evaluate clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with lifestyles. Methods: Two cross-sectional web surveys were conducted during lockdown (April 15-May 15, 2020) and seven months later (November 16-December 16, 2020). Lifestyle behaviors were self-reported by a multidimensional scale (SMILE-C). Two separate samples of respondents were analyzed. A multivariate regression model was performed to evaluate the association of SMILE-C scores with demographic and clinical variables. Results: The sample comprised, 3412 participants from the first survey (S1) and in the S1 and 3635 from the second (S2). SMILE-C score decreased across surveys (p < 0.001). The rates of positive screenings for depression and anxiety were similar between the surveys, whereas those for alcohol abuse decreased (p < 0.001). Most participants in S2 reported that their lifestyle had not changed compared to those before the pandemic. Variables independently associated with an unhealthier lifestyle were working as an essential worker, lower educational level, previous mental disease, worse self-rated health, totally/moderate changes on diet, sleep or social support, as well as positive screenings for alcohol abuse, anxiety and depression. Limitations: The cross-sectional design and recruitment by non-probabilistic methods limit inferring causality and the external validity of the results.Instituto Carlos III, PI16/01770Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, PI15/00283, PI18/0080

Characterization of the chemical structure of vinyl ester resin in a climate chamber under different conditions of degradation

Due to the good strength and similar toughness of epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins are widely used as thermoset adhesives in structural adhesive joints and as composites for different industrial applications. However, vinyl ester adhesives are difficult to cure completely under environmental conditions, even after long periods of time because of gel formation slows the necessary diffusion of the catalyst across the polymer network. Several studies have used weathering chambers to investigate the degradation mechanisms of vinyl ester adhesives. However, a review of the scientific literature revealed both a wide variety of aging processes and several ambiguities between the recorded experimental results. In this work, post-cured vinyl ester resins at different aging cycles were aged under high temperature and relative humidity, and the changes in their structure, mechanical and adhesion properties were studied. Chemical and structural changes were observed in the vinyl ester resins after aging in a climatic chamber

Relationship between PASE score with anthropometrics and cardiovascular variables associated to obesity in an older Mexican population

INTRODUCTION: Obesity in Older Adults (OA) increases the risk to acquire non-communicable diseases such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Some reports indicate that sedentary habits or low physical activity is one of the main factor that induce obesity in elderly state. PURPOSE: Determine the relationship between the level of physical activity via Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) test, anthropometric and cardiovascular variables associated to obesity in an older Mexican population. METHODS: Fourteen OA (63.4 ± 1.78 years) from Ensenada city, Baja California were recruited. The PASE was applied individually, in each participants was determined the waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). In the same sense, the Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and resting Heart Rate (HR) were evaluated. Spearman correlation test was employed to determine the relationship between variables. RESULTS: The PASE score was 10.58 ± 1.52. The WC was 87.72 ± 2.15 cm. The BMI showed by the participants was 27.3 ± 0.84 kg/m2. On the other hand, the SBP was 131.07 ± 4.38 mmHg. The HR was 72.07 ± 2.50 ppm. The PASE score does not showed statistical correlation with the BMI (r=0.34; p=0.22). In the same sense, there was not significate association between PASE and WC (r=-0.06; p=0.8). The HR showed negative correlation with the PASE (r=-0.45) however, this association was not significant (p=0.1). Finally, the PASE does not correlation with the SBP (r=0.13; p=0.65). CONCLUSION: The preliminary data showed that the PASE questionnaire cannot be used to predict the variables associated to obesity in older Mexican population

La depresión infantojuvenil: prevención en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria

La infancia se acorta por la actividad a que los adultos someten a los niños/as, y la adolescencia se prolonga artificialmente, porque el período de dependencia económica y psicosocial no coincide con el de autonomía física que se consolida en la pubertad. La sociedad, las familias, la escolaridad, las circunstancias... en muchas ocasiones hacen que los niños/as y adolescentes tengan dificultades de adaptación que se manifiestan en conductas de depresión, que se prolongan o surgen en la adultez. Se proponen las bases de un Programa de (Intervención desde la) Prevención, en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria, desde el Departamento de Orientación, con la colaboración de los tutores del centro, las familias, y con la implicación de toda la comunidad educativa.Childhood is shortened by the activity that adults subject children and adolescence is extended artificially, because the period of psychological and economic dependency does not coincide with the physical autonomy which is consolidated at puberty. The society, families, schooling, the circumstances... on many occasions make that children and adolescents have difficulties of adaptation that is manifested in behavior of depression, which extend or arise in adulthood. We propose the bases of a program of (intervention from the) prevention, in an Institute of secondary education, from the guidance Department, with the collaboration of the Center, families, tutors and with the involvement of the entire educational communityEste trabajo pretende dar a conocer la importancia de la prevención de la depresión infantojuvenil en un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria, mediante la elaboración de las bases de un Programa de intervención desde el Departamento de Orientación, con la colaboración de los tutores del centro, las familias, y con la implicación de toda la comunidad educativa

Communicative interaction in natural sciences lessons. A didactic analysis based on discursive circuits

En este trabajo se discute el rol de la comunicación en el aula de ciencias y se delimita una forma de análisis relacionada con circuitos de interacción discursiva. Se comparan tres tipos de circuitos para clases de ciencias experimentales: exposición abierta, diálogo guiado e indagación dialógica problematizadora. Los datos resumen los registros de un grupo de investigaciones interpretativas desarrolladas por el equipo en los últimos diez años, las cuales analizan el diálogo asociado a temas de ciencias y ciclos de actividad. Se presenta la escala de análisis resultante y los tipos de secuencia de intervenciones de docentes y alumnos. Desde las mismas se modelizan circuitos de comunicación que van desde la clase tradicional a una constructivista.Se concluye respecto a la necesidad de incluir la problemática de la comunicación en el aula a lo largo de la práctica educativa y de los procesos de formación docente, haciéndola formar parte tanto del diseño, como del desarrollo y evaluación de la tarea docente.This work argues the role of communication in natural sciences classrooms and delimits a way of analysis in relation to interactive discursive circuits. Three types of circuits for experimental sciences lessons are compared: open exposition, guided dialog and problematic dialogic inquiry. The data summary the records of a group of interpretative research developed by the team in the last years ten years, which analyses the dialogue associated with science topics and cycles of activity. The resulting scale of analysis and types of intervention sequences held by teachers and students are presented. Based on them, communication circuits are modeled ranging from the traditional classroom to a constructivist one. It is concluded in relation to the need of including the problem of communication in the classroom throughout the educational practice and the processes of teacher training, making it part of the design, development and evaluation of the teaching task

Las especies silvestres en el mejoramiento varietal del arroz

Wild species in varietal improvement of rice In 1994 the CIAT Rice Project launched a pre-breeding program that crossed the species Oryza rufipogon, O. barthii, and O. glaberrima (O. latifolia was recently introduced) with commercial irrigated and upland rice varieties, using a backcrossing scheme that incorporates genes of interest of wild species into cultivated rice. The results emphasize the importance of wild species in improving rice cultivars using both conventional methods and marker-assisted selection. The degree of polymorphism found in crosses of wild species with O. sativa was much higher (90%) than that found in crosses of indica x japonica cultivars (46%). In conclusion, the use of new exotic germplasm in rice improvement can have a substantial impact on rice productivity, its resistance to several biotic and abiotic stresses, and its nutritional and agroindustrial quality. National rice programs of Latin America can access the genetic variability thus generated in the CIAT-ION nurseries. Programs in Bolivia, Panama, and Nicaragua, for example, identified several lines derived from crosses between O. sativa x O. glaberrima and between O. sativa x O. rufipogon that show good yield potential, tolerance to major pests and diseases, good-quality grain, and good adaptability. Some of these lines were launched as commercial varieties in 2009 and 2010.En 1994, el Proyecto de Arroz del CIAT inició un programa de pre-mejoramiento en el que se tomaron las especies Oryza rufipogon, O. barthii y O. glaberrima (recientemente se introdujo O. latifolia) para cruzarlas con variedades comerciales de arroz de riego y de secano, mediante un esquema de retrocruzamientos que incorpora genes de interés de las especies silvestres en el arroz cultivado. Los resultados subrayan la importancia de las especies silvestres en el mejoramiento de los cultivares de arroz, tanto por el método convencional como mediante la selección asistida por marcadores. El grado de polimorfismo encontrado en los cruces de especies silvestres con O. sativa fue mucho mayor (90%) que el encontrado en los cruces de cultivares índica x cultivares japónica (46%). En conclusión, el uso del nuevo germoplasma exótico en el mejoramiento del arroz puede tener un impacto sustancial en la productividad del arroz, en su resistencia a varias limitantes bióticas y abióticas, y en su calidad nutricional y agroindustrial. La variabilidad genética así generada está a disposición de los programas nacionales de arroz de América Latina en los viveros CIAT-ION. Los programas de Bolivia, Panamá y Nicaragua, por ejemplo, identificaron algunas líneas derivadas de cruces entre O. sativa x O. glaberrima y entre O. sativa x O. rufipogon, con buen potencial de rendimiento, tolerancia a las principales plagas y enfermedades, producción de grano de buena calidad y buena capacidad de adaptación. Algunas de estas líneas fueron liberadas como variedades comerciales en 2009 y 2010