Variaciones de los Valores de Vitamina B12 en Pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus 2 y No Diabéticos con Índice Homa Elevado, en el Servicio de Especialidades Médicas, Área de Endocrinología del HNCASE ESSALUD Arequipa 2018-2019

Introducción: La Diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad prevalente en nuestro medio se estimó una prevalencia del 6.1% de adultos con diabetes. La metformina se constituye en la droga de primera línea, para resistencia a insulina y prediabetes, esta disminuye la producción de glucosa hepática y reduce la absorción intestinal de glucosa y vitamina B12, entre otras, laa vitamina B12, una cobalamina, presente en alimentos de origen animal, La Diabetes cursa entre otros con alteraciones neurológicas que en ocasiones pueden confundirse con los déficits de Vitamina B12. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizo un estudio prospectivo de corte transversal, con 20 pacientes diabéticos y 20 pacientes con HOMAir elevado que tomaban metformina entre 3 a 10 años, dosando Vitamina B12, IMC, índice HOMAir, en la unidad de endocrinología del HNCASE. Se muestran los resultados mediante estadística descriptiva, prueba Chi cuadrado y T de Student. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio no se encontró relación entre: el uso de metformina y la deficiencia de Vitamina B12; entre la deficiencia de Vitamina B12 y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2; entre el uso de metformina y la presencia de anemia; entre Diabetes Mellitus y la presencia de anemia; entre el tiempo de uso de metformina y la concentración de Vitamina B12; entre concentraciones bajas de Vitamina B12 por uso de metformina y presencia de anemia. Se encontró que: el uso de metformina afecta de forma similar a las concentraciones de B12 en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus 2 y con HOMAir Elevado que usan metformina independientemente de la edad, género y tiempo de enfermedad y que los niveles de hemoglobina no varían con el tiempo de uso de metformina. Palabras Clave: Diabetes, Metformina, Vitamina B12.Tesi

Automatic ankle angle detection by integrated RGB and depth camera system

Depth cameras are developing widely. One of their main virtues is that, based on their data and by applying machine learning algorithms and techniques, it is possible to perform body tracking and make an accurate three-dimensional representation of body movement. Specifically, this paper will use the Kinect v2 device, which incorporates a random forest algorithm for 25 joints detection in the human body. However, although Kinect v2 is a powerful tool, there are circumstances in which the device’s design does not allow the extraction of such data or the accuracy of the data is low, as is usually the case with foot position. We propose a method of acquiring this data in circumstances where the Kinect v2 device does not recognize the body when only the lower limbs are visible, improving the ankle angle’s precision employing projection lines. Using a region-based convolutional neural network (Mask RCNN) for body recognition, raw data extraction for automatic ankle angle measurement has been achieved. All angles have been evaluated by inertial measurement units (IMUs) as gold standard. For the six tests carried out at different fixed distances between 0.5 and 4 m to the Kinect, we have obtained (mean ± SD) a Pearson’s coefficient, r = 0.89 ± 0.04, a Spearman’s coefficient, ρ = 0.83 ± 0.09, a root mean square error, RMSE = 10.7 ± 2.6 deg and a mean absolute error, MAE = 7.5 ± 1.8 deg. For the walking test, or variable distance test, we have obtained a Pearson’s coefficient, r = 0.74, a Spearman’s coefficient, ρ = 0.72, an RMSE = 6.4 deg and an MAE = 4.7 deg.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) across projects RTC-2017-6321-1 AEI/FEDER, UE, PID2019-107270RB-C21 AEI/FEDER, UE and FEDER founds

La atención a los enfermos terminales

Los continuos avances de la medicina han permitido en el último siglo obtener una impresionante mejora en las condiciones sanitarias de la especie humana. Sin embargo, en los países más desarrollados ese progreso está planteando desde hace algunas décadas nuevos problemas, entre otros, aquellos ligados a la atención que se ha de prestar a personas con pronóstico infausto en la última fase de su vida, período cuya frecuencia y persistencia está en directa relación con esos mismos avances técnicos. El Instituto andaluz de Criminología de la Universidad de Málaga ha financiado una investigación interdisciplinar en la que se han querido verificar las condiciones en que se produce en estos momentos la atención a los enfermos terminales en España. Los datos obtenidos se acaban de publicar en una monografía titulada La atención a los enfermos terminales, editada por Tirant lo Blanch en 2000, y coordinada por Díez Ripollés, Santos Amaya y Garrido Santos. Lo que sigue es un breve resumen de algunos de los resultados más destacables

Mitochondrial Stress Links Environmental Triggers with Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Crohn's Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic, inflammatory disorders of the gut. The incidence and activity of IBD are determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Among these factors, polymorphisms in genes related to autophagy and the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been consistently associated with IBD. We show that NSAIDs induce mitochondrial stress and mitophagy in intestinal epithelial cells. In an altered mitophagy context simulating that observed in IBD patients, NSAID-induced mitochondrial stress leads to the release of mitochondrial components, which act as Danger Associated Molecular Patterns with pro-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, colonic organoids from Crohn's disease patients and healthy donors show activation of the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt) upon treatment with ibuprofen. Finally, colon biopsies from Crohn's disease patients in remission or with low-to-moderate activity also show expression of genes involved in UPRmt, while patients with severe activity show no increase compared to healthy donors. Our results suggest the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanisms triggering inflammation in IBD after NSAID use. Moreover, our results highlight the clinical relevance of mitochondrial stress and activation of the UPRmt pathway in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease

The Raman laser spectrometer ExoMars simulator (RLS Sim): A heavy‐duty Raman tool for ground testing on ExoMars

Producción CientíficaThe Raman laser spectrometer (RLS) instrument onboard the Rosalind Franklin rover of the ExoMars 2022 mission will analyze powdered samples on Mars to search for traces of life. To prepare for the mission, the RLS scientific team has developed the RLS ExoMars Simulator (RLS Sim), a flexible model of RLS that operates similarly to the actual instrument, both in laboratory and field conditions, while also emulating the rover operational constraints in terms of sample distribution that are relevant to the Raman analysis. This system can operate autonomously to perform RLS-representative analysis in one or several samples, making it very useful to perform heavy experimental tasks that would otherwise be impossible using a flight-representative model of the instrument. In this work, we introduce the current configuration of the RLS Sim that has incorporated new hardware elements such as the RAman Demonstrator 1 (RAD1) spectrometer with the objective of approaching its performance to that of the actual RLS instrument. To evaluate the scientific capability of the RLS Sim, we have compared it with a replica model of RLS, the RLS Flight Spare (FS). Several acquisition aspects have been evaluated based on the analysis of select samples, assessing the performance in terms of spectral range and resolution and also studying several issues related to the evolution of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with different acquisition parameters, especially the number of accumulations. This performance analysis has shown that the RLS Sim in its updated configuration will be a key model to perform support science for the ExoMars mission and the RLS instrument on the Rosalind Franklin rover. Designed to work intensively, the use of the RLS Sim in combination with the RLS FS will facilitate maximizing the scientific return of the RLS spectrometer during Martian operations.Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (grant PID2019-107442RBC31)European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant 687302

Tumor microenvironment gene expression profiles associated to complete pathological response and disease progression in resectable NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy

Background Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has improved pathological responses and survival rates compared with chemotherapy alone, leading to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of nivolumab plus chemotherapy for resectable stage IB-IIIA NSCLC (AJCC 7th edition) without ALK or EGFR alterations. Unfortunately, a considerable percentage of tumors do not completely respond to therapy, which has been associated with early disease progression. So far, it is impossible to predict these events due to lack of knowledge. In this study, we characterized the gene expression profile of tumor samples to identify new biomarkers and mechanisms behind tumor responses to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and disease recurrence after surgery. Methods Tumor bulk RNA sequencing was performed in 16 pretreatment and 36 post-treatment tissue samples from 41 patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy from NADIM trial. A panel targeting 395 genes related to immunological processes was used. Tumors were classified as complete pathological response (CPR) and non-CPR, based on the total absence of viable tumor cells in tumor bed and lymph nodes tested at surgery. Differential-expressed genes between groups and pathway enrichment analysis were assessed using DESeq2 and gene set enrichment analysis. CIBERSORTx was used to estimate the proportions of immune cell subtypes. Results CPR tumors had a stronger pre-established immune infiltrate at baseline than non-CPR, characterized by higher levels of IFNG, GZMB, NKG7, and M1 macrophages, all with a significant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) >0.9 for CPR prediction. A greater effect of neoadjuvant therapy was also seen in CPR tumors with a reduction of tumor markers and IFN gamma signaling after treatment. Additionally, the higher expression of several genes, including AKT1, BST2, OAS3, or CD8B; or higher dendritic cells and neutrophils proportions in post-treatment non-CPR samples, were associated with relapse after surgery. Also, high pretreatment PD-L1 and tumor mutational burden levels influenced the post-treatment immune landscape with the downregulation of proliferation markers and type I interferon signaling molecules in surgery samples. Conclusions Our results reinforce the differences between CPR and non-CPR responses, describing possible response and relapse immune mechanisms, opening the possibility of therapy personalization of immunotherapy-based regimens in the neoadjuvant setting of NSCLC

Metabolic reprogramming by Acly inhibition using SB-204990 alters glucoregulation and modulates molecular mechanisms associated with aging

19 Páginas.-- 7 FigurasATP-citrate lyase is a central integrator of cellular metabolism in the interface of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. The physiological consequences as well as the molecular mechanisms orchestrating the response to long-term pharmacologically induced Acly inhibition are unknown. We report here that the Acly inhibitor SB-204990 improves metabolic health and physical strength in wild-type mice when fed with a high-fat diet, while in mice fed with healthy diet results in metabolic imbalance and moderated insulin resistance. By applying a multiomic approach using untargeted metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, we determined that, in vivo, SB-204990 plays a role in the regulation of molecular mechanisms associated with aging, such as energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, mTOR signaling, and folate cycle, while global alterations on histone acetylation are absent. Our findings indicate a mechanism for regulating molecular pathways of aging that prevents the development of metabolic abnormalities associated with unhealthy dieting. This strategy might be explored for devising therapeutic approaches to prevent metabolic diseases.This work was funded by grants from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by Fondos FEDER (PI15/00134, PI18/01590, CPII19/00023 to A.M.M.) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2021-123965OB-100 to A.M.M.). A.M.M. is funded by the Junta de Andalucía P20_00480, the Spanish Society of Diabetes, and CSIC 202220I059. M.S.K. is funded by the Nordea Foundation (#02-2017-1749), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (#NNF17OC0027812), the Neye Foundation, the Lundbeck Foundation (#R324-2019-1492), the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of Denmark (#0238-00003B). V.C.G. is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CP19/00046), co-funded by FEDER. F.M. is funded by the CIBERDEM of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. A.M.M. is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. We acknowledge the support of the group of basic research on diabetes of the Spanish Society of Diabetes.Peer reviewe

Perfil clínico de los pacientes tratados con evolocumab en unidades hospitalarias de nefrología en España

Describir las características clínicas de los pacientes tratados con evolocumab, las razones del inicio de la terapia y los efectos del tratamiento en la fase inicial de disponibilidad de evolocumab en las unidades de nefrología de España

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Clave preliminar de las escamas de los peces de agua dulce de España, a nivel de familiaExito reproductor del Buitre leonado (Gyps fulvus) en NavarraAlimentación del Gavilán (Accipiter nisus) en la Isla de TenerifeEl Verdecillo (Serinus serinus): Tendencias en la estación de nidificación, en el tamaño del huevo y en la supervivencia.las batidas como método de censo en especiesde caza mayor: aplicación al caso del Jabalí (Sus scrofa L.) en la provincia de Burgos (Norte de España)La adquisición de madurez sexual en el camaleón común (Chamaeleo chamaeleon)Nuevas citas de Hemidactylus turcicus en la provincia de CáceresLa focha común (Fulica atra) en la isla de Gran Canaria: nueva especie nidificante en el archipiélago CanarioTraslado de huevos en incubación por la urraca (Pica pica)Predación de Falco peregrinus sobre Oryctolagus cuniculusCuatro nuevas especies de aves para Bolivia.Sobre la utilización de nidos de golondrina común abandonados.Parasitismo múltiple del críalo (Clamator glandarius)Predación del topo de rio (Galemys pyrenaicus, Geoffroy 1811) por parte de la lechuza común (Tyto alba, Scopoli 1769)Predación del zorro (Vulpes vulpes) sobre un pollo de buitre leonado (Gyps fulvus).Vulpes vulpes L. criando en una colonia de marmota (Marmota marmota L.) en el pirineo de LéridaObservaciones sobre la incidencia de Rattus (Fischer, 1803) en los cultivos ibéricos de caña de azúcaSituación actual de la jutiita de la tierra Capromys sanfelipensis (Rodentia, Mammalia)Notas sobre la intraducción y expansión de la ardilla común en Sierra Nevada, sureste de EspañaPeer reviewe