Tracking and risk of abdominal and general obesity in children between 4 and 9 years of age. The Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study (ELOIN)

Background: Studies have shown that overweight and obesity conditions tend to be stable from childhood and adolescence to adulthood. Unfortunately, little is known about the evolution of abdominal obesity during childhood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations and risk of general and abdominal obesity between 4, 6, and 9 years of age. Methods: Measurements of children in the ELOIN study taken at the three follow-ups of 4, 6, and 9 years of age were included (N = 1,902). Body mass index and waist circumference were recorded via physical examination. General obesity was determined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and abdominal obesity according to the cut-off points proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated by sex and family affluence using generalized estimating equation models and relative risks (RRs) of obesity were obtained via Poisson regression. Results: The prevalence of general obesity was 5.1%, 9.1%, and 15.6% at 4, 6, and 9 years, respectively, yielding a PR of 3.05 (95%CI: 2.55–3.60) (9 years old relative to 4 years). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 6.8%, 8.4%, 14.5% at 4, 6, and 9 years, respectively, and the PR was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.82–2.51) (9 years old relative to 4 years). An inverse correlation was observed between both general and abdominal obesity and socioeconomic status. Among participants with general or abdominal obesity at 4 years of age, 77.3% and 63.6% remained in their obesity classification at 9 years, respectively, and 3.4% and 3.5% presented general or abdominal obesity also at 6 and 9 years of age, respectively. The RRs of general and abdominal obesity at 9 years were 4.61 (95%CI: 2.76–7.72) and 4.14 (95%CI: 2.65–6.48) for children classified with obesity at 4 years of age, increased to 9.36 (95%CI: 7.72–11.35) and 9.56 (95%CI: 7.79–11.74) for children who had obesity at 6 years, and up to 10.27 (95%CI: 8.52–12.37) and 9.88 (95%CI: 8.07–12.11) for children with obesity at both 4 and 6 years, respectively. Conclusions: General and abdominal obesity begin at an early age and increase over time, showing an inverse correlation with socioeconomic status. In addition, general and abdominal obesity at 9 years are strongly associated with being classified with obesity at 4 and 6 years, so preventive interventions should be established at very early ages.The ELOIN study was funded by the General Directorate of Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Community of Madrid. The authors have not received financial support for the research, authorship, or publication of this article. This project received a grant for the translation and publication of this paper from the Foundation for Biosanitary Research and Innovation in Primary Care (FIIBAP).S

Actitudes hacia la matemática en futuro personal docente del área: Adaptación colombiana de la escala EAHM-U

Introducción. Las actitudes positivas y negativas influyen en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas, por lo cual este estudio se enfocó en analizar las propiedades psicométricas que presenta la “Escala de actitudes hacia la matemática (EAHM-U)” en estudiantado universitario colombiano con el fin de proporcionar una herramienta de medición ajustada al contexto y debidamente validada. Metodología. Mediante un diseño instrumental con 446 estudiantes de licenciatura en matemáticas se analizó la estructura factorial y la consistencia interna de las puntuaciones del instrumento. Resultados. Se obtuvo un instrumento de 13 ítems con dos dimensiones denominadas beneficio de la matemática y dificultad en el aprendizaje de la matemática. Discusión. La escala modificada presenta adecuadas calidades psicométricas, niveles favorables de fiabilidad en las puntuaciones e indicadores de replicabilidad que sugieren que los reactivos miden apropiadamente cada dimensión

O feminicídio: realidade ou mentira dentro da política pública colombiana

This academic exercise is based on the state of the art on feminicide in six Latin American countries, including Colombia, over the past two decades to show the need to propose a defiition of feminicide, not as an aggravating aspect of homicide but as a separate offnse under Colombian law. It was written based on the theory of feminicide of Diana Marcela Russell and Lagard, in line with public policy to protect women victims and was the result of two completed research papers. Th conclusion is that a large part of public policy supports a decrease in violence against women and also serves to modify collective concepts.Este ejercicio académico parte del estado del arte del feminicidio en seis países de América Latina —entre ellos Colombia— durante los dos últimos lustros, para evidenciar la necesidad de proponer la tipificación del feminicidio, no como agravante del homicidio, sino como delito autónomo en la legislación colombiana. Se escribió en la línea de política pública, desde las teorías del feminicidio de Diana Russell y de Marcela Lagarde para proteger a las mujeres víctimas, y fue el resultado de dos trabajos de investigación terminados; se concluye con que buena parte de la política pública se apoya la disminución de la violencia contra mujeres y se modifican los imaginarios.Este exercício acadêmico parte do estado da arte do feminicídio em seis países da América Latina —entre eles a Colômbia— durante os dois últimos anos, para evidenciar a necessidade de propor a tipifiação do feminicídio, não como agravante do homicídio, mas sim como delito autônomo na legislação colombiana. Escreveu-se na linha de política pública, desde as teorias do feminicídio de Diana Russell e de Marcela Lagarde para proteger as mulheres vítimas, e foi o resultado de dois trabalhos de pesquisa terminados, conclui-se com que boaparte da política pública se apoia na diminuição da violência contra mulheres e modifiamse os imaginário

Reverse logistics, stakeholders' influence, organizational slack, and managers' posture

Reverse logistics (RL) has strategic importance. However, little is known concerning what motivates firms to adopt RL systems. Drawing on stakeholder theory formulations, organizational slack, and the manager's strategic stance concept, this article develops a model that proposes external, internal, and individual factors that affect the implementation of RL programs. Our framework considers three major explicative variables: the attributes of the stakeholder (power, legitimacy and urgency), organizational slack for RL programs, and the manager's strategic posture. The study draws on a sample of 118 Spanish companies and uses a probit model to determine the influence of these factors on the probability of firms to implement RL systems. The study finds that customers, employees, and the government salience in terms of RL activities and manager's progressive posture have a significant influence on the final decision of implanting RL programs. Conversely, the study finds that shareholder salience negatively impacts the decision.Fundación BBVA and the project “Estrategias en las empresas europeas internacionales y medioambiente: análisis de recursos humanos, producción y negocio” for supporting this research. They also acknowledge the help of Prof. Dr. Carlos Larrinaga in providing access to financial statements. They are indebted as well to the Spanish Minister of Education and Science and the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid which have provided financial support under the research projects entitled “Diseño e implantación de las estrategias medioambientales de aprovisionamiento, fabricación y comercialización: relación con el rendimiento organizativo” (sec2001-1578-c02- 01), “La dirección de operaciones y las teorías de stakeholders y de recursos y capacidades. Implicaciones estratégicas en la gestión del ciclo de vida de los equipos informáticos” (SEJ04- 07877-C02-02),. “Efectos de los distintos tipos de relaciones entre las empresas y sus mercados: prácticas de marketing, orientación al mercado y resultados económicos”, and “ Innovación versus imitacón: un test de la capacidad innovadora de las empresas de la Comunidad de Madrid “.Publicad

Whole-epigenome analysis in multiple myeloma reveals DNA hypermethylation of B cell-specific enhancers

Contains fulltext : 140075.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access

Impact of infection on proteome-wide glycosylation revealed by distinct signatures for bacterial and viral pathogens

Mechanisms of infection and pathogenesis have predominantly been studied based on differential gene or protein expression. Less is known about posttranslational modifications, which are essential for protein functional diversity. We applied an innovative glycoproteomics method to study the systemic proteome-wide glycosylation in response to infection. The protein site-specific glycosylation was characterized in plasma derived from well-defined controls and patients. We found 3862 unique features, of which we identified 463 distinct intact glycopeptides, that could be mapped to more than 30 different proteins. Statistical analyses were used to derive a glycopeptide signature that enabled significant differentiation between patients with a bacterial or viral infection. Furthermore, supported by a machine learning algorithm, we demonstrated the ability to identify the causative pathogens based on the distinctive host blood plasma glycopeptide signatures. These results illustrate that glycoproteomics holds enormous potential as an innovative approach to improve the interpretation of relevant biological changes in response to infection

Relationship between molecular pathogen detection and clinical disease in febrile children across Europe: a multicentre, prospective observational study

BackgroundThe PERFORM study aimed to understand causes of febrile childhood illness by comparing molecular pathogen detection with current clinical practice.MethodsFebrile children and controls were recruited on presentation to hospital in 9 European countries 2016-2020. Each child was assigned a standardized diagnostic category based on retrospective review of local clinical and microbiological data. Subsequently, centralised molecular tests (CMTs) for 19 respiratory and 27 blood pathogens were performed.FindingsOf 4611 febrile children, 643 (14%) were classified as definite bacterial infection (DB), 491 (11%) as definite viral infection (DV), and 3477 (75%) had uncertain aetiology. 1061 controls without infection were recruited. CMTs detected blood bacteria more frequently in DB than DV cases for N. meningitidis (OR: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.92-5.99), S. pneumoniae (OR: 3.89, 95% CI: 2.07-7.59), Group A streptococcus (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.13-6.09) and E. coli (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.02-6.71). Respiratory viruses were more common in febrile children than controls, but only influenza A (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.11-0.46), influenza B (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.37) and RSV (OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.36) were less common in DB than DV cases. Of 16 blood viruses, enterovirus (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.72) and EBV (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56-0.90) were detected less often in DB than DV cases. Combined local diagnostics and CMTs respectively detected blood viruses and respiratory viruses in 360 (56%) and 161 (25%) of DB cases, and virus detection ruled-out bacterial infection poorly, with predictive values of 0.64 and 0.68 respectively.InterpretationMost febrile children cannot be conclusively defined as having bacterial or viral infection when molecular tests supplement conventional approaches. Viruses are detected in most patients with bacterial infections, and the clinical value of individual pathogen detection in determining treatment is low. New approaches are needed to help determine which febrile children require antibiotics.FundingEU Horizon 2020 grant 668303

Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children

Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children

Electrochemistry of lanthanum and uranium chlorides in organic media: Deposition of lanthanum and uranium

Molten salts have been widely used for the electrochemical preparation of lanthanum and uranium metals at high temperature. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of a similar process in dimethylformamide (DMF) and in the mixture gamma-butyrolactone/tetrahydrofuran (gamma-BL/THF) The best conditions for the preparation were deduced from preliminary transient electrochemistry experiments and from secondary ions mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements involving SIMS mappings and SIMS depth profile analyses