Causas de lesiones deportivas en equipos que practica el deporte de baloncesto en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN- Managua), Agosto- Diciembre 2014

Las lesiones deportivas ocurren durante la práctica del ejercicio físico, algunas se dan accidentalmente, otras pueden ser el resultado de malas prácticas de entrenamiento o uso inadecuado del equipo de entrenamiento. Las personas se lastiman cuando no están en buena condición física. En ciertos casos, las lesiones se deben al déficit de ejercicios de calentamiento o estiramiento antes de jugar o hacer ejercicio. El presente estudio trata sobre las causas que se producidas en las lesiones deportivas a equipos que practican el deporte de baloncesto en la universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua), contempla objetivos que están dirigidos a caracterizar Socio-demográficamente y antecedentes deportivos durante la práctica de baloncesto, así identificar los factores de riesgo que influyen en las diferentes lesiones y clasificar las lesiones deportivas de baloncesto según su causa. Este estudio se ha realizado con el propósito de ampliar y profundizar nuestros conocimientos en el campo de investigación científica en el ámbito de fisioterapia deportiva. Esta investigación es de tipo descriptivo, prospectivo de corte transversal, con el tipo de muestreo no probabilístico, el cual se obtuvo una muestra de 28 deportistas. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos se encontró que el sexo masculino es el que tiene mayor predominio en lesionarse entre las edades de 25 años a más. Así la lesión más frecuente es el esguince de tobillo y rodilla con el mecanismo producción más habitual contacto directo con otro jugador producto del factor de riesgo externo de entrenamiento de los deportistas

Role of epigenetic factors in the selection of the alternative splicing isoforms of human KRAS in colorectal cancer cell lines

Mutation-driven activation of KRAS is crucial to cancer development. The humangene yields four mRNA splicing isoforms, 4A and 4B being translated to protein. Theirdifferent properties and oncogenic potential have been studied, but the mechanismsdeciding the ratio 4A/4B are not known. To address this issue, the expression of thefour KRAS isoforms was determined in 9 human colorectal cancer cell lines. HCT116and SW48 were further selected because they present the highest difference in theratio 4A/4B (twice as much in HCT116 than in SW48). Chromatin structure wasanalysed at the exon 4A, characteristic of isoform 4A, at its intronic borders and at thetwo flanking exons. The low nucleosome occupancy at exon 4A in both cell lines mayresult in a fast transcriptional rate, which would explain the general lower abundanceof isoform 4A, also found in cells and tissues by other authors, but due to its similaritybetween both cell lines, chromatin structure does not influence alternative splicing.DNA methylation downstream exon 4A significantly differs in HCT116 and SW48cells, but the CCCTC-binding factor, which affects the processivity of RNA polymeraseand the alternative splicing, does not bind the differentially methylated sequences.Quantitative epigenetic analysis at mononucleosomal level revealed significantdifferences between both cell lines in H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K36me3, H3K9ac,H3K27ac and H4K20me1, and the inhibition of some histone-modifying enzymes altersthe ratio 4A/4B. It can be concluded that the epigenetic modification of histones hasan influence on the selection of isoforms 4A and 4B.Fil: Riffo Campos, Ángela. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Gimeno Valiente, Francisco. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Rodríguez, Fernanda Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Cervantes, Andrés. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: López Rodas, Gerardo. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Franco, Luis. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Castillo, Josefa. Universidad de Valencia; Españ

EPDR1 up-regulation in human colorectal cancer is related to staging and favours cell proliferation and invasiveness

The finding of novel molecular markers for prediction or prognosis of invasiveness in colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes an appealing challenge. Here we show the up-regulation of EPDR1 in a prospective cohort of 101 CRC patients, in a cDNA array of 43 patients and in in silico analyses. EPDR1 encodes a protein related to ependymins, a family of glycoproteins involved in intercellular contacts. A thorough statistical model allowed us to conclude that the gene is significantly up-regulated in tumour tissues when compared with normal mucosa. These results agree with those obtained by the analysis of three publicly available databases. EPDR1 up-regulation correlates with the TNM staging parameters, especially T and M. Studies with CRC cell lines revealed that the methylation of a CpG island controls EPDR1 expression. siRNA knocking-down and overexpression of the gene following transient plasmid transfection, showed that EPDR1 favours cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and adhesion to type I collagen fibres, suggesting a role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Both statistical and functional analysis correlated EPDR1 overexpression with invasiveness and dissemination of tumour cells, supporting the inclusion of EPDR1 in panels of genes used to improve molecular subtyping of CRC. Eventually, EPDR1 may be an actionable target.Fil: Gimeno Valiente, F.. No especifíca;Fil: Riffo Campos, Á. L.. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Ayala, G.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Tarazona, N.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Gambardella, V.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Rodríguez, Fernanda Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Huerta, M.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Martínez-Ciarpaglini, C.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Montón Bueno, J.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Roselló, S.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Roda, D.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Cervantes, A.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Franco, L.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: López Rodas, G.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Castillo, J.. Universidad de Valencia; Españ

Vertical Boundary Mixing Events during Stratification Govern Heat and Nutrient Dynamics in a Windy Tropical Reservoir Lake with Important Water-Level Fluctuations: A Long-Term (2001–2021) Study

hysical processes play important roles in controlling eutrophication and oligotrophication. In stratified lakes, internal waves can cause vertical transport of heat and nutrients without breaking the stratification, through boundary mixing events. Such is the case in tropical Valle de Bravo (VB) reservoir lake, where strong diurnal winds drive internal waves, boundary mixing, and hypolimnetic warming during stratification periods. We monitored VB during 21 years (2001–2021) when important water-level fluctuations occurred, affecting mixing and nutrient flux. Stability also varied as a function of water level. Hypolimnetic warming (0.009–0.028 °C day−1) occurred in all the stratifications monitored. We analyzed temperature distributions and modeled the hypolimnion heat budget to assess vertical mixing between layers (0.639–3.515 × 10−6 m3 day−1), vertical diffusivity coefficient KZ (2.5 × 10−6–13.6 × 10−6 m2 s−1), and vertical nutrient transport to the epilimnion. Nutrient flux from the metalimnion to the epilimnion ranged 0.42–5.99 mg P m−2day−1 for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and 5.8–101.7 mg N m−2day−1 for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Vertical mixing and the associated nutrient fluxes increase evidently as the water level decreases 8 m below capacity, and they can increase up to fivefold if the water level drops over 12 m. The observed changes related to water level affect nutrient recycling, ecosystemic metabolic balance, and planktonic composition of VB.This research was funded by UNAM (PAPIIT-IN207702 and PAPIIT-IN111321) and by CONACYT-SEMARNAT (C01-1125) projects to M.M.-I.Peer reviewe

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Both Chloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Are Ineffective for COVID-19 Treatment and Combined Worsen the Pathology: A Single-Center Experience with Severely Ill Patients

The off-label use of antiviral and antimalarial drugs has been considered by many researchers as a fast and relatively safe alternative to provide therapeutic options to treat COVID-19, but the assessment of such drug-specific effectiveness in this regard is far from complete. Especially, the current body of knowledge about COVID-19 therapeutics needs more data regarding drug effectiveness and safety in the severely ill patients with comorbidities. In the present article, we retrospectively analyze data from 61 patients that received treatment with chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, both drugs administered together, or a standard treatment with no antiviral drugs, and the study was carried in severely ill patients. We found that either drug is ineffective at treating COVID-19, as they are not able to reduce hospitalization length, mortality, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), d-Dimer, or ferritin, or to enhance gasometric parameters, lymphocytes, total leukocytes, and neutrophil levels, whereas both drugs administered together decrease circulating lymphocytes, increase LDH and ferritin levels, and more importantly, enhance mortality. In this way, our results show that both drugs are ineffective and even potentially harmful alternatives against SARS-CoV-2

Diseño de un modelo de supervisión para la aplicación de la prueba de Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil en las unidades de atención primaria en México

Introducción: La prueba Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil (EDI), diseñada y validada en México, se ha aplicado en las unidades de atención primaria del país. Los resultados han sido heterogéneos entre los estados en que se aplicaron las pruebas, a pesar de haber utilizado un modelo de capacitación estandarizado con la misma metodología para la aplicación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar un modelo de supervisión que permita identificar la calidad de la aplicación de la prueba EDI a nivel poblacional. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio en la atención primaria tres estados del país para evaluar la aplicación de la prueba EDI por observación directa (estudio de sombra), y verificar la concordancia del resultado a través aplicar la prueba una vez más (estudio de consistencia). Resultados: Se realizaron 380 estudios de sombra a 51 psicólogos. Al comparar el resultado global, se observó una concordancia del 86.1% con el supervisor (n = 327): el 94.5% por resultado verde, el 73.2% por amarillo y el 80.0% por rojo. Se aplicó la prueba nuevamente en 302 casos, con una concordancia del 88.1% (n = 266): el 96.8% por resultado verde, el 71.7% por amarillo y el 81.8% por rojo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas por grupo. Conclusiones: Tanto el estudio de sombra como el de consistencia fueron adecuados para evaluar la calidad de la aplicación de la prueba, y pueden ser de utilidad para supervisar la aplicación de la prueba EDI en atención primaria. La decisión de uno u otro sistema depende de la disponibilidad de supervisores

Extensive Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as a Resourceful Tool for SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance in a Low-to-Middle-Income Country through a Successful Collaborative Quest: WBE, Mobility, and Clinical Tests

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged healthcare systems worldwide. Efforts in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) cannot keep stride with infection rates, especially during peaks. A strong international collaboration between Arizona State University (ASU), Tec de Monterrey (TEC), and Servicios de Agua y Drenaje de Monterrey (Local Water Utilities) is acting to integrate wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of SARS-CoV-2 in the region as a complementary approach to aid the healthcare system. Wastewater was collected from four sewer catchments in the Monterrey Metropolitan area in Mexico (pop. 4,643,232) from mid-April 2020 to February 2021 (44 weeks, n = 644). Raw wastewater was filtered and filter-concentrated, the RNA was extracted using columns, and the Charité/Berlin protocol was used for the RT-qPCR. The viral loads obtained between the first (June 2020) and second waves (February 2021) of the pandemic were similar; in contrast, the clinical cases were fewer during the first wave, indicating poor coverage. During the second wave of the pandemic, the SARS-CoV-2 quantification in wastewater increased 14 days earlier than the COVID-19 clinical cases reported. This is the first long-term WBE study in Mexico and demonstrates its value in pandemic management