98 research outputs found
Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of Extrasolar Planets
Direct imaging and spectroscopy is the likely means by which we will someday
identify, confirm, and characterize an Earth-like planet around a nearby
Sun-like star. This Chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding
discovering and characterizing exoplanets by direct imaging and spectroscopy.
We detail instruments and software needed for direct imaging detections and
summarize the current inventory of confirmed and candidate directly-imaged
exoplanets. Direct imaging and spectroscopy in the past decade has provided key
insights into jovian planet atmospheres, probed the demographics of the
outskirts of planetary systems, and shed light on gas giant planet formation.
We forecast the new tools and future facilities on the ground and in space that
will enhance our capabilities for exoplanet imaging and will likely image
habitable zone rocky planets around the nearest stars.Comment: 34 pages; 19 figures; Review of the Direct Imaging field in
Protostars and Planets VII; in pres
Network asynchrony underlying increased broadband gamma power
Synchronous activity of cortical inhibitory interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) underlies expression of cortical Îł rhythms. Paradoxically, deficient PV inhibition is associated with increased broadband Îł power in the local field potential. Increased baseline broadband Îł is also a prominent characteristic in schizophrenia and a hallmark of network alterations induced by NMDAR antagonists, such as ketamine. Whether enhanced broadband Îł is a true rhythm, and if so, whether rhythmic PV inhibition is involved or not, is debated. Asynchronous and increased firing activities are thought to contribute to broadband power increases spanning the Îł band. Using male and female mice lacking NMDAR activity specifically in PV neurons to model deficient PV inhibition, we here show that neuronal activity with decreased synchronicity is associated with increased prefrontal broadband Îł power. Specifically, reduced spike time precision and spectral leakage of spiking activity because of higher firing rates (spike âcontaminationâ) affect the broadband Îł band. Desynchronization was evident at multiple time scales, with reduced spike entrainment to the local field potential, reduced cross-frequency coupling, and frag- mentation of brain states. Local application of S(1)-ketamine in (control) mice with intact NMDAR activity in PV neurons triggered network desynchronization and enhanced broadband Îł power. However, our investigations suggest that disparate mechanisms underlie increased broadband Îł power caused by genetic alteration of PV interneurons and ketamine-induced power increases in broadband c. Our study confirms that enhanced broadband Îł power can arise from asynchronous activ- ities and demonstrates that long-term deficiency of PV inhibition can be a contributor.ERCSTINT Program Joint Brazilian-Swedish Research Collaboration GrantCAPES-STINT Program GrantKnut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationSwedish Research CouncilKarolinska InstitutetAccepte
High precision astrometry mission for the detection and characterization of nearby habitable planetary systems with the Nearby Earth Astrometric Telescope (NEAT)
(abridged) A complete census of planetary systems around a volume-limited
sample of solar-type stars (FGK dwarfs) in the Solar neighborhood with uniform
sensitivity down to Earth-mass planets within their Habitable Zones out to
several AUs would be a major milestone in extrasolar planets astrophysics. This
fundamental goal can be achieved with a mission concept such as NEAT - the
Nearby Earth Astrometric Telescope. NEAT is designed to carry out space-borne
extremely-high-precision astrometric measurements sufficient to detect
dynamical effects due to orbiting planets of mass even lower than Earth's
around the nearest stars. Such a survey mission would provide the actual
planetary masses and the full orbital geometry for all the components of the
detected planetary systems down to the Earth-mass limit. The NEAT performance
limits can be achieved by carrying out differential astrometry between the
targets and a set of suitable reference stars in the field. The NEAT instrument
design consists of an off-axis parabola single-mirror telescope, a detector
with a large field of view made of small movable CCDs located around a fixed
central CCD, and an interferometric calibration system originating from
metrology fibers located at the primary mirror. The proposed mission
architecture relies on the use of two satellites operating at L2 for 5 years,
flying in formation and offering a capability of more than 20,000
reconfigurations (alternative option uses deployable boom). The NEAT primary
science program will encompass an astrometric survey of our 200 closest F-, G-
and K-type stellar neighbors, with an average of 50 visits. The remaining time
might be allocated to improve the characterization of the architecture of
selected planetary systems around nearby targets of specific interest (low-mass
stars, young stars, etc.) discovered by Gaia, ground-based high-precision
radial-velocity surveys.Comment: Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy. The full member
list of the NEAT proposal and the news about the project are available at
http://neat.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr. The final publication is available at
http://www.springerlink.co
Computational personality recognition in social media
A variety of approaches have been recently proposed to automatically infer users' personality from their user generated content in social media. Approaches differ in terms of the machine learning algorithms and the feature sets used, type of utilized footprint, and the social media environment used to collect the data. In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis of state-of-the-art computational personality recognition methods on a varied set of social media ground truth data from Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. We answer three questions: (1) Should personality prediction be treated as a multi-label prediction task (i.e., all personality traits of a given user are predicted at once), or should each trait be identified separately? (2) Which predictive features work well across different on-line environments? (3) What is the decay in accuracy when porting models trained in one social media environment to another
Genetic landscape of a large cohort of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency : New genes and pathways and implications for personalized medicine
Background Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), a public health problem, affects 1-3.7% of women under 40 yield-ing infertility and a shorter lifespan. Most causes are unknown. Recently, genetic causes were identified, mostly in single families. We studied an unprecedented large cohort of POI to unravel its molecular pathophysiology.Methods 375 patients with 70 families were studied using targeted (88 genes) or whole exome sequencing with pathogenic/likely-pathogenic variant selection. Mitomycin-induced chromosome breakages were studied in patients' lymphocytes if necessary. Findings A high-yield of 29.3% supports a clinical genetic diagnosis of POI. In addition, we found strong evidence of pathogenicity for nine genes not previously related to a Mendelian phenotype or POI: ELAVL2, NLRP11, CENPE, SPATA33, CCDC150, CCDC185, including DNA repair genes: C17orf53(HROB), HELQ, SWI5 yielding high chromo-somal fragility. We confirmed the causal role of BRCA2, FANCM, BNC1, ERCC6, MSH4, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2, ESR2, CAV1, SPIDR, RCBTB1 and ATG7 previously reported in isolated patients/families. In 8.5% of cases, POI is the only symptom of a multi-organ genetic disease. New pathways were identified: NF-kB, post-translational regulation, and mitophagy (mitochondrial autophagy), providing future therapeutic targets. Three new genes have been shown to affect the age of natural menopause supporting a genetic link.Interpretation We have developed high-performance genetic diagnostic of POI, dissecting the molecular pathogene-sis of POI and enabling personalized medicine to i) prevent/cure comorbidities for tumour/cancer susceptibility genes that could affect life-expectancy (37.4% of cases), or for genetically-revealed syndromic POI (8.5% of cases), ii) predict residual ovarian reserve (60.5% of cases). Genetic diagnosis could help to identify patients who may benefit from the promising in vitro activation-IVA technique in the near future, greatly improving its success in treating infertility.Funding Universite? Paris Saclay, Agence Nationale de Biome?decine.Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Peer reviewe
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ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper: Detecting life outside our solar system with a large high-contrast-imaging mission
In this white paper, we recommend the European Space Agency plays a proactive role in developing a global collaborative effort to construct a large high-contrast imaging space telescope, e.g. as currently under study by NASA. Such a mission will be needed to characterize a sizable sample of temperate Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of nearby Sun-like stars and to search for extraterrestrial biological activity. We provide an overview of relevant European expertise, and advocate ESA to start a technology development program towards detecting life outside the Solar system
The use of regional platforms for managing electronic health records for the production of regional public health indicators in France
Jules Romains' Vision of a United Europe in Interwar France: Legacy and Ambiguities
The interwar period in Europe was characterised by a multi-faceted movement in favour of European integration. After the slaughter of the First World War, many intellectuals, writers, industrialists and politicians brought the idea of European unity to the fore and engaged in various actions, from setting up organisations to lobbying governments, to promote the unification of Europe. Much research has been carried out on the leading figures of these pro-European activities but amongst the wealth of this period other actors have tended to be forgotten. Such is the case with the French writer Jules Romains, who not only coined âEuropeanismâ, the word that would define the whole movement in favour of Europe, but who also actively participated in promoting a united Europe. This article seeks to introduce and discuss Romainsâ ideas on Europe. It will demonstrate that his vision was very coherent within the framework of his Unanimist philosophy but was undermined by serious ambiguities. It will also demonstrate that his ideas are of great interest for what they reveal about the interwar period in France and Europe, what they bring to the genealogy of the European project, as set up after the Second World War, and for the ambiguities at the core of his concept of Europe, which are still very much at the heart of many of todayâs debates about the European Union
LÂŽame amante de son Dieu
Layoutgetreues Digitalisat der Ausg.: Cologne : Lla Pierre, 1717
Standort: UniversitÀt Marburg, Bibliothek Religionswissenschaft (510)
Signatur: 312
Bemerkungen: Textverf.: Jeanne Marie BouviĂšres de la Motte Guyon
(Bibliothek Wittgenstein
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