70 research outputs found
La certification Passivhaus entre Allemagne et France
Cet article interroge la circulation de modĂšles et de savoirs sur la durabilitĂ© entre Allemagne et France Ă partir de lâexemple du rĂ©fĂ©rentiel Passivhaus. Cette certification se rĂ©fĂ©rant Ă une construction dite durable, dĂ©veloppĂ©e en Allemagne au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1980, se retrouve depuis une dizaine dâannĂ©es en France Ă travers le dĂ©veloppement et la structuration dâune offre de construction passive. Dans un premier temps est exposĂ© le contexte de diffusion de ce rĂ©fĂ©rentiel, devenu modĂšle Ă lâĂ©chelle internationale. Puis, dans un second temps, la contribution livre une analyse des appropriations dont il fait lâobjet Ă lâĂ©chelle locale, Ă partir dâenquĂȘtes de terrain menĂ©es sur le marchĂ© de la maison individuelle en Alsace entre 2013 et 2018. Les jeux dâacteurs et controverses autour du contenu de la maison passive offrent alors, dans une troisiĂšme section, une lecture des Ă©chelles et des circulations de modĂšles de durabilitĂ© entre Allemagne et France, oĂč la dimension internationale vaut comme rĂ©fĂ©rence locale de lĂ©gitimation.Dieser Artikel untersucht am Beispiel des Energiestandards Passivhaus, wie sich Modelle und Wissen ĂŒber die Nachhaltigkeit zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich verbreiten. Diese Zertifizierung bezieht sich auf das nachhaltige Bauen, das in den 1980er Jahren in Deutschland entwickelt wurde und seit zehn Jahren in Frankreich FuĂ fasst. Untersucht werden zunĂ€chst die Verbreitungswege dieses Standards, der heute auf internationaler Ebene als Modell dient. In einem zweiten Schritt wird dessen Anwendung auf lokaler Ebene analysiert, ausgehend von Felduntersuchungen, die zwischen 2013 und 2018 auf dem elsĂ€ssischen Markt fĂŒr PassivhĂ€user durchgefĂŒhrt wurden. Zuletzt werden die Kontroversen ĂŒber die wahren Anforderungen eines Passivhauses erwĂ€hnt. Hier scheint die internationale Anerkennung des Standards einen besonderen Legitimationseffekt auf lokaler Ebene zu bewirken
Einfluss von Phytosphingosin in Lecithin- Nanoemulsionen auf das physikalisch-chemische Verhalten und die Haut-Diffusion von Fluconazol und Flumethasonpivalat
Ziel der Arbeit war es den Einfluss von Phytosphingosin auf die StabilitĂ€t einer Lecithin Nanoemulsion und die Hautdiffusion von 2 gewĂ€hlten Modellarzneistoffen-Fluconazol und Flumethasonpivalat zu untersuchen. ZusĂ€tzlich wurden jeweils 2 verschiedene Emulgatoren in der Nanoemulsion verwendet. Die StabilitĂ€t der Zubereitungen wurde mit Messungen des Zetapotentials und der TeilchengröĂe ĂŒber einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen bestimmt.Zur Messung der Hautdiffusion der Arzneistoffe wurde eine Franz Zelle verwendet.Als Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass Phytosphingosin die StabilitĂ€t der Nanoemulsionen deutlich reduzierte.Nanoemulsionen mit Arzneistoff konnten unabhĂ€ngig vom verwendeten Emulgator ĂŒber einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen als stabil ohne TeilchengröĂenzunahme ermittelt werden. Durch Einarbeitung von Phytosphingosin kam es bei manchen Zubereitungen zu einer deutlich verringerten physikalischen StabilitĂ€t. Eine Verbesserung der Hautpermeation der beiden Arzneistoffe durch Phytosphingosin konnte nur teilweise nachgewiesen werden, sie scheint einerseits von den verwendeten Arzneistoffen selber, als auch von den verwendeten Emulgatoren abhĂ€ngig zu sein.Phytosphingosin bleibt ein interessanter Kandidat um die Hautdiffusion von Arzneistoffen zu verbessern.Weitere Untersuchungen scheinen interessant zu sein, um gewisse Wechselwirkungen in der Nanoemulsion mit Arzneistoffen und Phytosphingosin abzuklĂ€ren
Extraformational sediment recycling on Mars
Extraformational sediment recycling (old sedimentary rock to new sedimentary rock) is a fundamental aspect of Earth's geological record; tectonism exposes sedimentary rock, whereupon it is weathered and eroded to form new sediment that later becomes lithified. On Mars, tectonism has been minor, but two decades of orbiter instrument-based studies show that some sedimentary rocks previously buried to depths of kilometers have been exposed, by erosion, at the surface. Four locations in Gale crater, explored using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Curiosity rover, exhibit sedimentary lithoclasts in sedimentary rock: At Marias Pass, they are mudstone fragments in sandstone derived from strata below an erosional unconformity; at Bimbe, they are pebble-sized sandstone and, possibly, laminated, intraclast-bearing, chemical (calcium sulfate) sediment fragments in conglomerates; at Cooperstown, they are pebble-sized fragments of sandstone within coarse sandstone; at Dingo Gap, they are cobble-sized, stratified sandstone fragments in conglomerate derived from an immediately underlying sandstone. Mars orbiter images show lithified sediment fans at the termini of canyons that incise sedimentary rock in Gale crater; these, too, consist of recycled, extraformational sediment. The recycled sediments in Gale crater are compositionally immature, indicating the dominance of physical weathering processes during the second known cycle. The observations at Marias Pass indicate that sediment eroded and removed from craters such as Gale crater during the Martian Hesperian Period could have been recycled to form new rock elsewhere. Our results permit prediction that lithified deltaic sediments at the Perseverance (landing in 2021) and Rosalind Franklin (landing in 2023) rover field sites could contain extraformational recycled sediment.With funding from the Spanish government through the "MarĂa de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737
PEDIA: prioritization of exome data by image analysis.
PURPOSE: Phenotype information is crucial for the interpretation of genomic variants. So far it has only been accessible for bioinformatics workflows after encoding into clinical terms by expert dysmorphologists.
METHODS: Here, we introduce an approach driven by artificial intelligence that uses portrait photographs for the interpretation of clinical exome data. We measured the value added by computer-assisted image analysis to the diagnostic yield on a cohort consisting of 679 individuals with 105 different monogenic disorders. For each case in the cohort we compiled frontal photos, clinical features, and the disease-causing variants, and simulated multiple exomes of different ethnic backgrounds.
RESULTS: The additional use of similarity scores from computer-assisted analysis of frontal photos improved the top 1 accuracy rate by more than 20-89% and the top 10 accuracy rate by more than 5-99% for the disease-causing gene.
CONCLUSION: Image analysis by deep-learning algorithms can be used to quantify the phenotypic similarity (PP4 criterion of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines) and to advance the performance of bioinformatics pipelines for exome analysis
Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 21,000 cases and 95,000 controls identifies new risk loci for atopic dermatitis
Genetic association studies have identified 21 loci associated with atopic dermatitis risk predominantly in populations of European ancestry. To identify further susceptibility loci for this common, complex skin disease, we performed a meta-analysis of >15 million genetic variants in 21,399 cases and 95,464 controls from populations of European, African, Japanese and Latino ancestry, followed by replication in 32,059 cases and 228,628 controls from 18 studies. We identified ten new risk loci, bringing the total number of known atopic dermatitis risk loci to 31 (with new secondary signals at four of these loci). Notably, the new loci include candidate genes with roles in the regulation of innate host defenses and T cell function, underscoring the important contribution of (auto)immune mechanisms to atopic dermatitis pathogenesis
The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases
The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article
Towards a sociology of the "sustainable house" : between technocentric production and residentsâ experiences : projects and actors in peri-urban areas of Alsace
En plein essor depuis quelques annĂ©es, les rĂ©fĂ©rences au « logement durable » et la constitution dâune offre sâinscrivant dans ses objectifs, invitent Ă analyser les interactions entre le domaine du logement et celui de lâenvironnement, dans leurs rapports au phĂ©nomĂšne urbain et ses Ă©volutions. Cette thĂšse de sociologie, ouverte Ă la pluridisciplinaritĂ© en sciences sociales (urbanisme et amĂ©nagement, ethnologie), retient empiriquement comme cas dâĂ©tude la construction de maisons individuelles dans le Grand Est, en Alsace, qui intĂšgrent une rĂ©flexion sur la performance Ă©nergĂ©tique et lâusage de matĂ©riaux dits Ă©cologiques, en se centrant en particulier sur les espaces pĂ©riurbains. Lâambition conjointe de cette recherche est double. Dâune part, on se propose dâanalyser les modalitĂ©s de production dâune offre de « maison durable » techno-centrĂ©e et adaptĂ©e Ă la focale Ă©nergĂ©tique des politiques environnementales, Ă partir dâune enquĂȘte auprĂšs de maĂźtres dâĆuvre et constructeurs rĂ©gionaux, en regard des Ă©volutions des cadres juridiques et des marchĂ©s immobiliers nationaux. Dâautre part, il sâagit de mettre en lumiĂšre, par une ethnographie de terrain et la caractĂ©risation des trajectoires des mĂ©nages Ă©tudiĂ©s, le vĂ©cu des habitants, leurs appropriations de la « maison durable » et leurs modes de vie. De façon transversale, la thĂšse nourrit ainsi une rĂ©flexion sur lâinjonction Ă la sobriĂ©tĂ© Ă©nergĂ©tique et Ă la responsabilisation individuelle en questionnant le modĂšle de « maison durable » et ses effets sur les inĂ©galitĂ©s socio-spatialesIn the early twenty-first century, âsustainable housingâ has become a popular catchword, and its goals are increasingly being embraced in the housing sector. This new context calls for analysing the interactions between housing and environment, especially insofar as they relate to the urban phenomenon and its evolutions. This PhD in sociology adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective (branching out into urbanism, planning and ethnology) in its empirical examination of the construction of individual houses in the Alsace region of France, that take into consideration energy performance and the use so-called âecologicalâ materials, especially in peri-urban areas.The PhD pursued two main goals. First, based on a study of regional architects and builders, and in light of the evolution of legal frameworks and national real estate markets, it analyses the modalities of production of techno-centric âsustainable housesâ that reflect the demands of environmental policies in terms of energy efficiency. Second, based on ethnographical approach and on the characterization of the trajectories of households, it looks into the experiences of residents, their appropriation of the âsustainable housesâ and lifestyles. The PhD ultimately offers crosscutting insights into the impact of calls for energy sobriety and individual responsibility by reconsidering the âsustainable houseâ model and its effects on social and spatial inequalities
Lâhabitant, acteur du logement « durable » ? Le cas de constructions individuelles Ă©cologiques et Ă haute performance Ă©nergĂ©tique en Alsace
Dans une perspective de dĂ©veloppement durable, tel quâil est dĂ©fini par le rapport de Brundtland (1987), la construction de logements individuels et collectifs est principalement orientĂ©e vers une rĂ©duction des dĂ©penses Ă©nergĂ©tiques. Cette derniĂšre est donnĂ©e Ă voir dans des Ă©co-quartiers et des projets « modĂšles », alliant prouesses architecturales et performances Ă©nergĂ©tiques. Le contrepoint de cette vitrine de projets-phares repose dans son caractĂšre techno-centrĂ©Â : « les technologies ou d..
Vivre ensemble et choisir son habitat : lâhabitant acteur des processus dâun habiter autre.
ConfĂ©rence-dĂ©bat pour la 25Ăšme Ădition du Festival International de GĂ©ographie de Saint-Die-des-Vosges « Habiter la Terre, de la maison Ă la commune », Saint-DiĂ©-des-Vosges.Cette confĂ©rence Ă trois voix aborde le thĂšme de la participation des habitant-e-s dans la conception de leur logement. Elle s'articule autour de la prĂ©sentation de trois cas : un projet dâhabitat expĂ©rimental institutionnalisĂ© Ă Arras (analysĂ© par Romain Plichon) ; un projet dâhabitat conventionnel "durable" en Alsace (analysĂ© par Marie Mangold) ; un projet dâhabitat autogĂ©rĂ© par les habitants en Catalogne espagnole (analysĂ© par Diego Miralles Buil). Pour plus dâinformations sur le projet de Calafou (habitat autogĂ©rĂ© en Catalogne espagnole) : voir le mĂ©moire de Master 1 de Diego MIRALLES BUIL (2014), « Calafou, une coopĂ©rative dâhabitants en devenir ».TĂ©lĂ©chargeable ici : https://antreautre.wordpress.com/productions-scientifiques
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