La urbanización influye en la supervivencia de una especie de tarántula mexicana en peligro de extinción

Objective. To know the perception of the inhabitants about the “red knees” tarantula (Brachypelma smithi) in the Vista Hermosa neighborhood, municipality of Tecpan de Galeana, Guerrero, Mexico. Materials and methods. 51 inhabitants of the Vista Hermosa neighborhood were interviewed. The questions were oriented to the knowledge of the population about the arachnid. Results. In the inhabitants, an average of 25.23±12.16 years was recorded, with a minimum of less than 16 years and a maximum of 59 years. The 37.2% of the population are originally from Tecpan de Galeana, 72.5% have children, 84% belong to the Catholic population and 90% have their own home. The majority are women (86.27%), with primary education (41.18%), occupation as housewives (49.02%) and 3 to 5 children (41.18%). Most of the surveyed population mention finding the tarantula once a year (76.47%), during the rainy season (60.78%) and they are orange with black (62.75%). For their part, most of the respondents mention removing the tarantula from their home (50.98%) and another part of the population kills it (43.14%). In this sense, a high percentage considers them dangerous and the entire population is unaware of the existence of the red knee tarantula, as well as that it is harmless. Conclusions. The urbanization of the Vista Hermosa neighborhood, municipality of Tecpan de Galeana actively influences the extinction of the Mexican red knee tarantula (Brachypelma smithi).Objetivo. Conocer la percepción de los habitantes sobre la tarántula “rodillas rojas” (Brachypelma smithi) en la colonia Vista Hermosa, municipio de Técpan de Galeana, Guerrero, México. Materiales y métodos. Se entrevistaron a 51 habitantes de la colonia Vista Hermosa. Las preguntas iban orientadas al conocimiento de la población sobre el arácnido. Resultados. En los habitantes se registró un promedio de edad de 25.23±12.16 años, con una mínima de 16 años y una máxima de 59 años. El 37.2% de la población son originarios de Técpan de Galeana, el 72.5% tienen hijos, el 84% pertenecen a la población católica y el 90% tienen casa propia. La mayoría son mujeres (86.27%), con educación primaria (41.18%), ocupación de amas de casa (49.02%) y 3 a 5 hijos (41.18%). La mayoría de la población encuestada mencionan encontrar a la tarántula una vez al año (76.47%), durante la época de aguas (60.78%) y son de color naranja con negro (62.75%). Por su parte, la mayoría de los encuestados mencionan retirar a la tarántula de su casa (50.98%) y otra parte de la población la mata (43.14%). En este sentido, un alto porcentaje las considera peligrosas y toda la población desconoce la existencia de la tarántula rodillas rojas, así como, que es inofensiva. Conclusiones. La urbanización de la colonia Vista Hermosa municipio de Técpan de Galeana, influye activamente en la extinción de la tarántula mexicana rodillas rojas (Brachypelma smithi)

Uso de promotores de crecimiento en corderos de pelo: efecto en el consumo de alimento y ganancia diaria de peso

Objective. Evaluate the effect of three growth promoters on feed intake (FI) and daily weight gain (DWG) in hair lambs. Materials and methods. Twelve lambs were randomly assigned to four treatments with three repetitions each one: Control 1 treatment (C-T1; basal diet), treatment 2 (T2; supplementation with 0.125 g of Zilpaterol Hydrochloride (Zilmax®), treatment 3 (T3; supplementation with 3 g of Ractopamine Hydrochloride (LAPI-RACTO®) and treatment 4 (T4; 12 mg of Zeranol in implants) (Zearalenone-Ralgro®). A randomized complete block statistical design was used. Results. The study found a significant difference in food consumption (p<0.05). Indeed, through orthogonal contrasts to T2 vs T4 (p<0.05). Also, a significant difference was identified in the food offered for the contrast T1-C vs T2 and the treatments T2 vs T4 (p<0.05). In the case of food consumption, there was a significant difference for T1-C vs T2 and the contrast for T3 vs T4 (p<0.05). For the rejected food, no significant differences were found in any of the contrasts (p>0.05). T4 presented greater DWG versus to T2 (p<0.05). Conclusions. The use of zeranol (T4) improved feed intake and daily weight gain in hair lambs.Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de tres promotores de crecimiento sobre el consumo de alimento (CA) y ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) en corderos de pelo. Materiales y métodos. Fueron asignados aleatoriamente 12 corderos en cuatro tratamientos con tres repeticiones cada uno: Tratamiento 1 control (T1-C; dieta basal), tratamiento 2 (T2; complementación con 0.125 g de clorhidrato de zilpaterol (Zilmax®), tratamiento 3 (T3; complementación con 3 g de Clorhidrato de Ractopamina (LAPI-RACTO®) y tratamiento 4 (T4; 12 mg de zeranol en implantes) (Zearalenona-Ralgro®). Se utilizó un diseño estadístico de bloques completos al azar. Resultados. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en el CA (p<0.05). A través de contrastes ortogonales al T2 vs T4 (p<0.05), se identificó una diferencia significativa en el alimento ofrecido para el contraste T1-C vs T2 y los tratamientos T2 vs T4 (p<0.05). En la CA existió una diferencia significativa para T1-C vs T2 y el contraste de T3 vs T4 (p<0.05). Para el alimento rechazado no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los contrastes (p>0.05). El T4 presentó mayor ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) versus con el T2 (p<0.05). Conclusiones. El zeranol (T4) mejoró el consumo de alimento y la ganancia diaria de peso en corderos de pelo

Characterization of tropical cattle production units: Effect of sanitary management

Objective: Characterize double-purpose bovine production units (PU), and identify the sanitary management used by producers in their herds. Design/methodology/approach: 60 cattle producers were interviewed, the questions were related to the characteristics of the PU and the health status. Four serum samples were sent to the laboratory of the largest herd. Results: All the cattle producers surveyed were males between the ages of 20 and 50. 40% have been engaged in the activity between 11 and 25 years. The PU have an average of 25 animals, 45% of the producers have between 21 to 30 cows, the highest percentage of animals are Gyr breed (35%) and Sardo Negro (30%). 65% of the producers take care of their sick animals. On the other hand, laboratory studies showed that three cows were positive for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), two positive cows for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) or Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Parainfluenza 3 (PI3), finally all cows tested positive for Leptospira sp hardjo. Study limitations/implications: Under the conditions in which the study was conducted, it is expensive to send samples to the laboratory. The producer with the largest herd financed the laboratory tests of the sampled cows. This information is useful for local producers regarding the characteristics in which they produce. Findings/conclusions: Dual-purpose cattle producers in the tropics produce on a small scale; and one of the largest PUs has problems of abortive diseases.Objective: To characterize dual-purpose cattle production units (PUs) and to identify the sanitary management that producers use with their herds. Design/Methodology/Approach: Sixty (60) cattle producers were interviewed; the questions were related to the characteristics of the PU and the sanitary status. Four serum samples from the largest herd were sent to the laboratory to detect diseases. Results: All the cattle producers surveyed were men between 20 and 50 years old. Of them, 40% have been devoted to the activity for 11 to 25 years. The PUs have on average 25 animals, 45% of producers have between 21 and 30 cows, and the highest percentage of animals are breeds Gyr (35%) and Sardo Negro (30%). Of producers, 65% tend to their sick animals. On the other hand, the laboratory studies showed that three cows were positive for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), two cows were positive for type 1 bovine herpes virus (BoHV-1), or Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and parainfluenza 3 (PI3), and finally all the cows were positive for Leptospira sp. Hardjo. Study Limitations/Implications: Under the conditions in which the study was conducted, it is costly to send samples to the laboratory. The producer with the largest herd financed the laboratory tests of the cows sampled. This information is useful for local producers with regards to the characteristics in which they produce them. Findings/Conclusions: Dual-purpose cattle producers in the tropics produce at a small scale; and one of the largest PUs presents problems of abortive diseases

Características morfológicas de cordeiros Blackbelly criados extensivamente nos trópicos

Twelve Blackbelly lambs under extensive grazing were morphologically characterized through linear regression equations and coefficient of determination. The morphological characteristics of the lambs were obtained through the measurement of live weight (LW) and body measurements. Morphological data were adjusted by variable in a linear model using regression analysis, the equation and the coefficient of determination were recorded. In the study it was found that the variables body length (BL; 60.54%), distance between eyes (BE; 55.14%) and tail base circumference (TBC; 6.41%) did not fit the linear model. On the other hand, the variables of LW (96%) and abdominal perimeter (AP; 94%) present the highest coefficient of determination. In conclusion, the linear models fit the behavior of some morphological measurements of Blackbelly lambs under extensive grazing conditions in the tropics.Fueron caracterizados morfológicamente 12 corderos Blackbelly en pastoreo extensivo a través de ecuaciones de regresión lineal y coeficiente de determinación. Las características morfológicas de los corderos fueron obtenidas a través de la medición del peso vivo (PV) y mediciones corporales. Los datos morfológicos se ajustaron por variable en un modelo lineal usando el análisis de regresión, se registró la ecuación y el coeficiente de determinación. En el estudio se encontró que las variables largo del cuerpo (LC; 60.54%), distancia entre ojos (DO; 55.14%) y circunferencia de la base de la cola (CBC; 6.41%) no se ajustaron al modelo lineal. Por su parte, las variables de PV (96%) y perímetro abdominal (PA; 94%) presentan el coeficiente de determinación más alto. En conclusión, los modelos lineales se ajustaron al comportamiento de algunas mediciones morfológicas de corderos Blackbelly en condiciones de pastoreo extensivo en el trópico

Características físicas do líquido ruminal e das fezes de cordeiros alimentados com restolho de folha de mangueira

In 12 hair lambs (2 groups of 6/e) fed with dried ground mango leaf stubble, the physical characteristics of the rumen liquid and feces were analyzed. Group 1 (G1) consisted of the basal diet + 20 % corn stubble and group 2 (G2) basal diet + 20 % ground mango dried leaf stubble. The experiment lasted 40 days in which the characteristics of the rumen fluid and feces were evaluated weekly. The data were analyzed with the statistical program SAS (2021), and the means between groups were compared with the Pearson chi-square test. In the study, a significant difference was found in the physical characteristics of the rumen fluid between groups (P<0.001). The color of the feces was always yellow in G1 and brown in G2. For its part, the consistency was pasty in G1 and liquid in G2. On the other hand, the odor of feces was 100 % fetid for both groups, and the color in G1 was light-brown (11.11 %) and green-brown (88.89 %). Instead, the consistency of the feces was varied in G1 and normal in G2 (P<0.001). In conclusion, the lambs fed with mango leaf stubble presented brown color and liquid in the rumen content, and the consistency of the feces was normal. These characteristics are common in weaned lambs that are beginning to stabilize the rumen microbiota or in adult sheep fed with high-protein diets.En 12 corderos de pelo (2 grupos de 6/c.u.) alimentados con rastrojo de hoja seca de mango molida se analizaron las características físicas del líquido ruminal y las heces. El grupo 1 (G1) consistió en la dieta basal + 20 % de rastrojo de maíz y el grupo 2 (G2) dieta basal + 20 % de rastrojo de hoja seca de mango molida. El experimento tuvo una duración de 40 días en los que se evaluaron semanalmente las características del líquido ruminal y las heces. Los datos se analizaron con el programa estadístico SAS (2021), y se compararon las medias entre grupos con la prueba de Ji-cuadrado de Pearson. En el estudio se encontró una diferencia significativa en las características físicas del líquido ruminal entre grupos (P<0.001). El color de las heces siempre fue de color amarillo en el G1 y café en el G2. Por su parte, la consistencia fue pastosa en el G1 y líquida en el G2. Por otro lado, el olor de las heces fue 100 % fétido para los dos grupos, y el color en el G1 fue café-claro (11.11 %) y café-verde (88.89 %). En cambio, la consistencia de las heces fue variada en el G1 y normal en el G2 (P<0.001). En conclusión, los corderos alimentados con rastrojo de hoja de mango presentaron color café y líquido en el contenido ruminal, y la consistencia de las heces fue normal. Estas características son comunes en corderos destetados que comienzan a estabilizar la microbiota ruminal o en ovinos adultos alimentados con dietas altas en proteína

Interplay between HIV-1 infection and host microRNAs

Using microRNA array analyses of in vitro HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells, we find that several host microRNAs are significantly up- or downregulated around the time HIV-1 infection peaks in vitro. While microRNA-223 levels were significantly enriched in HIV-1-infected CD4+CD8− PBMCs, microRNA-29a/b, microRNA-155 and microRNA-21 levels were significantly reduced. Based on the potential for microRNA binding sites in a conserved sequence of the Nef-3′-LTR, several host microRNAs potentially could affect HIV-1 gene expression. Among those microRNAs, the microRNA-29 family has seed complementarity in the HIV-1 3′-UTR, but the potential suppressive effect of microRNA-29 on HIV-1 is severely blocked by the secondary structure of the target region. Our data support a possible regulatory circuit at the peak of HIV-1 replication which involves downregulation of microRNA-29, expression of Nef, the apoptosis of host CD4 cells and upregulation of microRNA-223

Identification of a 4-microRNA Signature for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis and Prognosis

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis portends a poor prognosis and cannot be reliably predicted. Early determination of the metastatic potential of RCC may help guide proper treatment. We analyzed microRNA (miRNA) expression in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) for the purpose of developing a miRNA expression signature to determine the risk of metastasis and prognosis. We used the microarray technology to profile miRNA expression of 78 benign kidney and ccRCC samples. Using 28 localized and metastatic ccRCC specimens as the training cohort and the univariate logistic regression and risk score methods, we developed a miRNA signature model in which the expression levels of miR-10b, miR-139-5p, miR-130b and miR-199b-5p were used to determine the status of ccRCC metastasis. We validated the signature in an independent 40-sample testing cohort of different stages of primary ccRCCs using the microarray data. Within the testing cohort patients who had at least 5 years follow-up if no metastasis developed, the signature showed a high sensitivity and specificity. The risk status was proven to be associated with the cancer-specific survival. Using the most stably expressed miRNA among benign and tumorous kidney tissue as the internal reference for normalization, we successfully converted his signature to be a quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based assay, which showed the same high sensitivity and specificity. The 4-miRNA is associated with ccRCC metastasis and prognosis. The signature is ready for and will benefit from further large clinical cohort validation and has the potential for clinical application

Caracterización de unidades de producción lechera en el Valle de Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México

The aim of this study was to know the socioeconomic characteristics of dairy cattle producers, as well as to characterize the production units (PU) in the Tulancingo Valley, Hidalgo, Mexico. During the months of June and July 2020, a random survey was applied to 30 cattle producers. With the SAS statistical program, quantitative variables, percentages and absolute frequency tables were analyzed. The results of the study showed that 39.3% of the producers are between 20 and 30 years old, 82.9% are male with primary education (28.6%) and 35.7% with higher education. The producers feed their cattle with forages and premixes (50%), and they agree that the main diseases that appreciate their cattle are mastitis (82.1%) and Brucellosis (10.7%). The data regarding technical advice where 60.7% of the producers have not received any kind of advice. In the case of social programs, 92.9% of the surveyed population specifies that they have not participated in this type of call. In turn, 71.4% do not know the requirements to participate in livestock programs. It is concluded that dairy cattle producers in the Tulancingo Valley, even if they are small-scale producers, require technical advice and information on different sources of support.El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las características socioeconómicas de los productores de ganado bovino lechero, así como, caracterizar las unidades de producción (UP) en el Valle de Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México. Durante los meses de junio y julio del 2020 fue aplicada una encuesta aleatoria a 30 productores de ganado bovino. Con el programa estadístico SAS, fueron analizadas variables cuantitativas, porcentajes y tablas de frecuencia absoluta. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el 39.3% de los productores tienen una edad entre los 20 a 30 años, el 82.9% pertenece al sexo masculino con estudios de primaria (28.6%) y el 35.7% con estudios superiores. Los productores alimentan a su ganado con forrajes y pre-mezclas (50%), y coinciden que las principales enfermedades que afectan a su ganado son la mastitis (82.1%) y Brucelosis (10.7%). Los datos respecto a la asesoría técnica indican que el 60.7% de los productores no han recibido ningún tipo de asesoría. En el caso de programas sociales el 92.9% de la población encuestada especifica que no ha participado en este tipo de convocatorias. A su vez el 71.4% desconoce los requisitos para participar en programas ganaderos. Se concluye que los productores de bovinos de leche del Valle de Tulancingo, aunque sean productores a baja escala requieren de asesoría técnica e información sobre diferentes fuentes de apoyo