The superhero, icon of popular culture and intertext in Carlos Cortes' La última aventura de Batman

La Literatura y la Historia Universal han estado llenas de diversos personajes heroicos. Uno de estos personajes es el Hombre Murciélago, quien a muy joven edad es testigo del asesinato de sus padres y, por ello, dedica su vida a la lucha contra los malhechores. Batman es un ícono de la cultura popular y, en este cuento, es intertexto directo del imaginario de Ciudad Gótica y su héroe enmascarado. En La última aventura de Batman, del escritor costarricense Carlos Cortés, el autor utiliza la figura de Batman como un medio para desentrañar el misterioso origen del protagonista. De este modo, tal cual detectives de la noche, protagonista y Hombre Murciélago se internan en la oscuridad de la noche y lo desconocido para emprender su última aventura.Literature and Universal History have been full of diverse heroic characters. One of these characters is the Bat Man, who at a very young age witnesses the murder of his parents and, therefore, devotes his life to the fight against evildoers. Batman is an icon of popular culture and, in this story, it is a direct intertext of the imaginary of Gotham City and its masked hero. In The Last Adventure of Batman, by the Costa Rican writer Carlos Cortés, the author uses the figure of Batman as a means to unravel the mysterious origin of the protagonist. In this way, such detectives of the night, protagonist and Bat Man go into the darkness of the night and the unknown to undertake their latest adventure.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Sistema de Educación General::Escuela de Estudios Generale

MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, currently representing the most common gastrointestinal cancer with 13% of all malignant tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that repress the translation of target genes. Since their discovery, they have been shown to play an important role in the development of cancer, since they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. A literature review was performed in different databases such as Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, nature, Wolters Kluwer, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library. Studies were included from 2003 to 2018. Colorectal cancer presents genetic heterogeneity, because it can develop in different ways, the pathway through which cancer occurs depends on the gene initially altered. The aberrant expression of microRNAs is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer and its progression. Three existing steps in the maturation of the microRNAs have been identified: 1) transcription of the pri-miRNA, 2) cleavage in the nucleus to form the pre-miRNA and 3) a final excision in the cytoplasm to form the mature microRNA. It has been discovered that miRNAs have an impact on cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress response, maintenance of stem cell potency and metabolism, all important factors in the etiology of cancer. The data analyzed in this article highlights the importance of the study of microRNAs in colorectal cancer, however, for the carcinogenic process, progression, therapeutic management and prognosis, more multicenter randomized clinical trials are needed with a detailed analysis

Investigar, publicar y divulgar. Ciencia en infografías

Las infografías aquí reunidas fueron elaboradas después de hacer un monitoreo permanente durante el 2020 de los artículos publicados por los investigadores de la Universidad EAFIT. Este esfuerzo de divulgación se enmarca en la definición del Sistema de Descubrimiento y Creación (2020) de la Universidad EAFIT que busca, entre otras cosas, la movilización de los proyectos de investigación, investigación-creación y creación, conectados con el entorno local, nacional e internacional. Este libro es una de las acciones que ponen en movilización el subsistema de "Difusión y divulgación del conocimiento”, que pretende generar una cultura de la comunicación de la ciencia a públicos diversos, con contenidos pertinentes y rigurosos, inspirados en la excelencia como principal fundamento de la actividad científica.Investigar, publicar y divulgar. Ciencia en infografías recoge más de 50 investigaciones llevadas a cabo por investigadores de la Universidad EAFIT, que fueron publicadas en revistas especializadas y libros resultado de investigación. Cada una de las infografías es producto del trabajo hecho durante seis meses, en los cuales la capacidad de análisis, el tratamiento riguroso de la información, la creatividad y el esfuerzo en los procesos de síntesis fueron primordiales; así como la colaboración entre investigadores y comunicadores para mantener el rigor científico, llegar a acuerdos sobre conceptos que debían convertirse en gráficos y adecuar el uso del lenguaje para diferentes medios y formatos. Por eso, se extiende un agradecimiento especial a todos los científicos que estuvieron disponibles para revisar, corregir y proponer desde su experticia.Universidad EAFI

Reverse-flow anterolateral thigh flap for knee soft-tissue reconstruction: case report

The reconstruction of the injured tissue around the knee is a complex procedure for the plastic and orthopaedic surgeon. The objective is to provide an acceptable function and aesthetic result. Successful wound management includes meticulous debridement, planning and proper execution of the surgical procedure. An 11-year-old male patient with a right patellar fracture using an anterolateral thigh flap with reverse flow to cover the skin defect. For such purposes, the reverse flow anterolateral flap is an effective, trustworthy and well-documented option. The correct obtaining and implantation of the flap reduces the morbidity of the donor site, offers options in size and design, an adequate length of the pedicle and the possible combination with the fascia lata in case it is required. The versatility of the reverse flow anterolateral flap makes it a possible therapeutic alternative in reconstructive surgery since it is aesthetic and functional for the reconstruction of tissue near the knee joint

Estructura económica de Risaralda

Para conocer la historia de un país, también es indispensable conocer como han estado conformadas sus ciudades y cómo ha sido su recorrido a través del tiempo para tener una perspectiva mucho más amplia de su economía durante cada coyuntura. Es por esto, que la Historia Económica de Risaralda busca poner a disposición y resaltar una visión bastante amplia de su recorrido histórico y económico, partiendo desde los primeros habitantes y estructuras económicas del territorio, datadas desde tiempo precoloniales, y atravesando por las diferentes transformaciones que fueron afectando a Risaralda durante la colonia y en los años posteriores a esta, especialmente con acontecimientos como la colonización antioqueña, que dejó arraigada la actividad agrícola como la más importante de la economía departamental, aunque la misma con el pasar de los años en el siglo XX fue perdiendo importancia a causa del auge manufacturero, y especialmente del auge de la terciarización sustentada en la actividad comercial. Este fenómeno de terciarización económica será considerado de forma tanto histórica como actual, identificando cual es la situación económica vigente de Risaralda, y a partir de ello darse una idea de lo que le puede deparar al territorio en los próximos años, donde los objetivos de sostenibilidad y calidad de vida parecen ser las claves de toda iniciativa

Evaluation of factors leading to poor outcomes for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Mexico: a multi-institutional report of 2,116 patients

Background and aimsPediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survival rates in low- and middle-income countries are lower due to deficiencies in multilevel factors, including access to timely diagnosis, risk-stratified therapy, and comprehensive supportive care. This retrospective study aimed to analyze outcomes for pediatric ALL at 16 centers in Mexico.MethodsPatients <18 years of age with newly diagnosed B- and T-cell ALL treated between January 2011 and December 2019 were included. Clinical and biological characteristics and their association with outcomes were examined.ResultsOverall, 2,116 patients with a median age of 6.3 years were included. B-cell immunophenotype was identified in 1,889 (89.3%) patients. The median white blood cells at diagnosis were 11.2.5 × 103/mm3. CNS-1 status was reported in 1,810 (85.5%), CNS-2 in 67 (3.2%), and CNS-3 in 61 (2.9%). A total of 1,488 patients (70.4%) were classified as high-risk at diagnosis. However, in 52.5% (991/1,889) of patients with B-cell ALL, the reported risk group did not match the calculated risk group allocation based on National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and PCR tests were performed for 407 (19.2%) and 736 (34.8%) patients, respectively. Minimal residual disease (MRD) during induction was performed in 1,158 patients (54.7%). The median follow-up was 3.7 years. During induction, 191 patients died (9.1%), and 45 patients (2.1%) experienced induction failure. A total of 365 deaths (17.3%) occurred, including 174 deaths after remission. Six percent (176) of patients abandoned treatment. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 58.9% ± 1.7% for B-cell ALL and 47.4% ± 5.9% for T-cell ALL, while the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 67.5% ± 1.6% for B-cell ALL and 54.3% ± 0.6% for T-cell ALL. The 5-year cumulative incidence of central nervous system (CNS) relapse was 5.5% ± 0.6%. For the whole cohort, significantly higher outcomes were seen for patients aged 1–10 years, with DNA index >0.9, with hyperdiploid ALL, and without substantial treatment modifications. In multivariable analyses, age and Day 15 MRD continued to have a significant effect on EFS.ConclusionOutcomes in this multi-institutional cohort describe poor outcomes, influenced by incomplete and inconsistent risk stratification, early toxic death, high on-treatment mortality, and high CNS relapse rate. Adopting comprehensive risk-stratification strategies, evidence-informed de-intensification for favorable-risk patients and optimized supportive care could improve outcomes

Annual Conference on Formative Research on EFL. Practices thar inspire change.

The conference papers of the Annual Conference on Formative Research on EFL. Practices thar inspire change collect pedagogical experiences, research reports, and reflections about social issues, language teaching, teaching training, interculturality under the panorama of the Covid-19 pandemic. Each paper invites the reader to implement changes in their teaching practice through disruptive pedagogies, reflect on the social and emotional consequences of the lockdown, new paths for teacher training and different approaches for teaching interculturality. We expect to inspire new ways to train pre-service teachers and teach languages in this changing times

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe