Desenvolvimento de uma garrafa termoelétrica

Mestrado em Engenharia e Design de ProdutoAtualmente, é dada uma grande importância ao bem-estar e à hidratação durante todo o dia, em várias circunstâncias, como durante a hora de trabalho como nas horas de lazer. Devido à tentativa de redução de gastos, a população acaba por reutilizar garrafas de água comuns inúmeras vezes, sem serem eficazes em todas as situações. Uma garrafa banal apenas serve para transportar uma bebida, não permitindo a conservação da sua temperatura, sendo assim necessária a aquisição de uma garrafa térmica que, passado algum tempo, também altera este estado térmico. É então, através destas práticas, que surge a ideia do desenvolvimento de uma garrafa termoelétrica que, devido à incorporação de uma pastilha de peltier, permite aquecer e arrefecer a bebida que levamos connosco para fora de casa. Este tipo de recipiente necessita de acesso a energia elétrica, possibilitando assim o funcionamento deste artefacto. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a criação de um produto inovador, sustentando-se nas necessidades recolhidas junto do público-alvo, e a implementação do sistema termoelétrico. O projeto foi desenvolvido totalmente suportado por ferramentas CAD/CAE e recorreu a uma metodologia projetual estruturada, mais concretamente à utilização do QFD que permitiu diminuir o tempo de desenvolvimento da conceção de uma nova proposta de cadeira de rodas, uma vez que permite combinar as características que o consumidor mais valoriza com os elementos que necessitam de mais atenção. Também a utilização do FMEA permitiu antecipar eventuais problemas da proposta apresentada, tal como, os danos provocados ao utilizador ou ainda no produto. Todo o projeto foi desenvolvido a pensar na simplificação do dia-a-dia dos utilizadores. Só assim foi possível criar um produto diferente dos demais, uma vez que tem a capacidade de responder às necessidades do momento: bebida quente ou fria e um momento de descontração num qualquer lugar e a qualquer hora, com a maior comodidade possível.Nowadays, is given a great importance to well-being and hydration during the day, under several circumstances, as during work time or in leisure time. Due to the attempt to reduce spending, the population eventually reuses common water bottles over and over again, without being effective in all situations. A trivial bottle only serves to transport a drink, not allowing the preservation of its temperature, being necessary the acquisition of a thermos bottle which, after some time, also changes the thermal state. It is then, through these practices, that arises the idea of developing a thermoelectric bottle that, due to the incorporation of a peltier module, allows heating and cooling the drink that we take outside of house with us. This type of container needs access to electricity, thus enabling the operation of this artifact. This work was aimed at creating an innovative product, holding on the needs gathered with the audience, and the implementation of the thermoelectric system. The project was developed fully supported by tools CAD/CAE and used a structured design methodology, more specifically the use of QFD that allowed reducing the development time of the conception of a new proposal of wheelchair, once it allows combining the characteristics that consumers value most with elements that need more attention. Also the use of FMEA allowed anticipating eventual problems of the presented proposal, such as damages provoked to the users or even in the product. The all project was developed thinking in simplifying the daily life of users. Only thus was possible to create a product different from the others, once it has the capacity of answering to the needs of the moment: a hot or cold drink and a relaxing moment somewhere at any time, with the larger commodity possible

Adsorção em fase líquida de compostos fenólicos em carvões activados

Este trabalho insere-se numa linha de trabalho a decorrer no Grupo de Química de Superfícies sobre a adsorção de poluentes em materiais de carbono e que tem como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de modelos de adsorção que permitem obter parâmetros quantitativos da interação sólido/poluente com vista à previsão da eficácia de diferentes materiais de carbono atualmente disponíveis e ao desenvolvimento de novos materiais com propriedades superiores. Neste caso concreto, o trabalho irá incidir sobre a adsorção de cloro e nitrofenóis em tecidos de carbono ativados e pretende-se esclarecer a influência das propriedades do composto fenólico, tais como solubilidade e pKa, sobre a adsorção. A amostra de tecido de carbono ativado, utilizado neste trabalho, foi estudada antes (CA) e depois (CAO) de oxidação com ácido nítrico e os compostos fenólicos (fenol, p-nitrofenol, p-cresol, p-clorofenol, o-clorofenol e m-clorofenol). A metodologia usada para obter as isotérmicas consistiu na preparação de soluções de concentrações conhecidas as quais foram colocadas em contacto com uma massa sempre constante de adsorvente (carvão) durante uma semana e com agitação contínua, até se atingir o equilíbrio. Após a filtração foi possível obter a concentração de equilíbrio em solução (Ce em mg/L) e a quantidade de material adsorvido (W em mg/g). Os gráficos assim obtidos são as isotérmicas e podem apresentar-se de várias formas, fornecendo informações importantes sobre o mecanismo de adsorção. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a adsorção é influenciada pelo pH do meio, a polaridade da amostra e ainda, em determinadas condições, a solubilidade do composto fenólico. A caracterização da estrutura porosa das amostras de tecido de carbono ativado foi efetuada através do traçado de isotérmicas de adsorção de azoto a 77K, as quais foram analisadas pelos métodos αs, Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) e Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Desta análise podemos concluir que o tecido de carbono ativado é microporoso com áreas aparentes BET de 693 (CA) e 781 (CAO) m2g-1, volumes microporosos totais entre 0.306 (CA) e 0.356 (CAO) cm3g-1 e poros com larguras médias de 0.680 (CA) e 0.917) nm (CAO). A caracterização química foi efetuada através da determinação da composição elementar e do ponto de carga zero. Foi ainda analisada a sua estrutura física utilizando a difração de raios X. O carvão foi ainda sujeito a análise termogravimétrica. Podemos afirmar que o tecido de carbono ativado é de natureza ácida com ponto de carga zero de 7.2 (CA) e 5.2 (CAO). O resultado deste estudo poderá ser aplicado ao contínuo desenvolvimento da remoção de resíduos ambientais

Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes.

8 páginas, 4 tablas, 8 figuras.The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three saltmarsh clonal growth plants (Juncus subulatus, Scirpus litoralis, and S. maritimus) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for each species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites where established individuals of each species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed-bank response, even when conditions at germination are identical. Because these environmental-history-dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density, and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and managementFinancial support from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment (MMA, project 05/99) and the Junta de Andalucía (research group 4086)enabled us to carry out the present work.Peer reviewe

Seed storage conditions change the germination pattern of clonal growth plants in Mediterranean salt marshes.

8 páginas, 4 tablas, 8 figuras.The effect of salinity level and extended exposure to different salinity and flooding conditions on germination patterns of three saltmarsh clonal growth plants (Juncus subulatus, Scirpus litoralis, and S. maritimus) was studied. Seed exposure to extended flooding and saline conditions significantly affected the outcome of the germination process in a different, though predictable, way for each species, after favorable conditions for germination were restored. Tolerance of the germination process was related to the average salinity level measured during the growth/germination season at sites where established individuals of each species dominated the species cover. No relationship was found between salinity tolerance of the germination process and seed response to extended exposure to flooding and salinity conditions. The salinity response was significantly related to the conditions prevailing in the habitats of the respective species during the unfavorable (nongrowth/nongermination) season. Our results indicate that changes in salinity and hydrology while seeds are dormant affect the outcome of the seed-bank response, even when conditions at germination are identical. Because these environmental-history-dependent responses differentially affect seed germination, seedling density, and probably sexual recruitment in the studied and related species, these influences should be considered for wetland restoration and managementFinancial support from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment (MMA, project 05/99) and the Junta de Andalucía (research group 4086)enabled us to carry out the present work.Peer reviewe

Mapping and assessment of forest ecosystems and their services - Applications and guidance for decision making in the framework of MAES

The aim of this report is to illustrate by means of a series of case studies the implementation of mapping and assessment of forest ecosystem services in different contexts and geographical levels. Methodological aspects, data issues, approaches, limitations, gaps and further steps for improvement are analysed for providing good practices and decision making guidance. The EU initiative on Mapping and Assessment of the state of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES), with the support of all Member States, contributes to improve the knowledge on ecosystem services. MAES is one of the building-block initiatives supporting the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020.JRC.H.3-Forest Resources and Climat

Sequential therapies after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or lenvatinib first-line treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Introduction: The aim of this retrospective proof-of-concept study was to compare different second-line treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and progressive disease (PD) after first-line lenvatinib or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.Materials and methods: A total of 1381 patients had PD at first-line therapy. 917 patients received lenvatinib as first-line treatment, and 464 patients atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as first-line.Results: 49.6% of PD patients received a second-line therapy without any statistical difference in overall survival (OS) between lenvatinib (20.6 months) and atezolizumab plus bev-acizumab first-line (15.7 months; p = 0.12; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80). After lenvatinib first-line, there wasn't any statistical difference between second-line therapy subgroups (p = 0.27; sorafenib HR: 1; immunotherapy HR: 0.69; other therapies HR: 0.85). Patients who under-went trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) had a significative longer OS than patients who received sorafenib (24.7 versus 15.8 months, p < 0.01; HR = 0.64). After atezolizumab plus bevacizumab first-line, there was a statistical difference between second-line therapy subgroups (p < 0.01; sorafenib HR: 1; lenvatinib HR: 0.50; cabozantinib HR: 1.29; other therapies HR: 0.54). Patients who received lenvatinib (17.0 months) and those who under-went TACE (15.9 months) had a significative longer OS than patients treated with sorafenib (14.2 months; respectively, p = 0.01; HR = 0.45, and p < 0.05; HR = 0.46).Conclusion: Approximately half of patients receiving first-line lenvatinib or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab access second-line treatment. Our data suggest that in patients progressed to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, the systemic therapy able to achieve the longest survival is lenvatinib, while in patients progressed to lenvatinib, the systemic therapy able to achieve the longest survival is immunotherapy

The role of IL-1 gene polymorphisms (IL1A, IL1B, and IL1RN) as a risk factor in unsuccessful implants retaining overdentures

Purpose: Implant-supported overdentures are an alternative predictable rehabilitation method that has a high impact on improving the patient's quality of life. However, some biological complications may interfere with the maintenance and survival of these overdenture implants. The goal of this article was to assess the factors that affect periimplant success, through a hypothetical prediction model for biological complications of implant overdentures.Methods: A retrospective observational, prevalence study was conducted in 58 edentulous Caucasian patients rehabilitated with implant overdentures. A total of 229 implants were included in the study. Anamnestic, clinical, and implant-related parameters were collected and recorded in a single database. "Patient" was chosen as the unit of analysis, and a complete screening protocol was established. The data analytical study included assessing the odds ratio, concerning the presence or absence of a particular risk factor, by using binary logistic regression modeling. Probability values (p values) inferior to 0.05 were considered as representing statistically significant evidence.Results: The performed prediction model included the following variables: mean probing depth, metal exposure, IL1B_allele2, maxillary edentulousness, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The F. nucleatum showed significant association with the outcome. Introducing a negative coefficient appeared to prevent complications or even boost the biological defense when associated with other factors.Conclusions: The prediction model developed in this study could serve as a basis for further improved models that would assist clinicians in the daily diagnosis and treatment planning practice of oral rehabilitation with implant overdentures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Doñana. Acta vertebrata. vol 24(1/2)

Alimentación de la lagartija colilarga Psammodromus algirus (L) (Sauria, Lacertidae), en el litoral de Huelva (SO EspañaLa alimentación de Myotis myotis Borkh, 1791 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) en la cuenca del rio Guadix (sureste de España)Distribución y selección de hábitat de la garduña (Martes foina, Erxleben, 1777) en Vizcaya y Sierra Salvada (Burgos).Nuevo modelo de trampa para reducir el impacto de la pesca de cangrejos sobre los vertebrados en las marismas del GuadalquiviThe functions of song and the spatial pattern of song production in the rufous bush chat (Cercotrichas galactotes)Migración e invernada de las lavanderas cascadena Motacilla cinerea y blanca M. alba en la Penínula Ibérica e Islas BalearesAbundancia y reproducción de Glis glis (Linnaeus, 1766) (Rodentia, Gliridae) en el Pirineo occidental.Estatus de residencia, categorización trófica y abundancia de aves en el zoológico de La Plata, ArgentinaAvifauna reproductora y estructura del hábitat en la campiña y sierras Subbéticas de JaénDispersión de semillas de retama (Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss por el conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) en el centro de EspañaGuía para la identificación de restos óseos pertenecientes a algunos peces comunes en las aguas continentales de la Península Ibérica para el estudio de la dieta de depredadores ictiófagosDistribución y abundancia del corzo (Capreolus capreolus L. 1758) en la provincia de JaénAlimentación de las larvas de anuros en ambientes temporales del sistema del rio Paraná, Argentina.Mauremys leprosa como presa de Lutra lutraNota sobre la alimentación del lince ibérico en el Parque Natural de la Sierra de Andújar (Sierra Morena oriental)Presencia de Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda) en un lobo ibérico (Canis lupusLa orientación de los nidos de paseriformes estepariosComparación de la dieta obtenida a partir de muestras estomacales y fecales del Tuco-tuco, Ctenomys mendocinus, en dos poblaciones de la precordillera de los Andes, ArgentinaEstructura genética y distribución de la variabilidad enzimática en poblaciones naturales de estornino negro (Sturnus unicolor)Estimación de la disponibilidad trófica para el quebrantahuesos (Gypaetus barbatus) en Cataluña (NE España) e implicaciones sobre su conservaciónPeer reviewe

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men