Treatment of chronic Hepatitis C with daclatasvir, sofosbuvir and simeprevir in patients from the reference hospital of infectology in central Brazil/ Tratamento da Hepatite C crônica com daclatasvir, sofosbuvir e simeprevir em pacientes do hospital de referência de infectologia do centro do Brasil

The drug treatment of hepatitis C represents a great therapeutic advance in favor of the elimination of the virus. The present study assessed the efficacy of treatment regimens involving direct action antivirals (DAAs), given to patients with chronic hepatitis C, attended at a referral hospital of infectology, central Brazil. This is a descriptive and cross - sectional study, based on the electronic database of the outpatient pharmacy, that evaluated the characteristics of patients and drug regimens involving DAA, from November 2015 to June 2017. Among 717 patients enrolled in this study, most of them had advanced liver fibrosis, were treatment naïve and HCV genotype 1 infected almost 80% of participants. A high efficacy of HCV treatment was achieved with 97% (95% CI: 94.9-98.2%) of SVR among the 431 patients who presented the results of viral load tests (HCV-RNA) at 12 weeks post-treatment. Patients infected with genotype 3 and who were cirrhotic had a lower SVR rate (87%). Treatment efficacy was not associated with age or sex among participants. The results of this study corroborate the findings in literature that showed a high efficacy of DAAs in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, implemented through the clinical protocol and therapeutic guidelines for hepatitis C of the Ministry of Health in 2015. Many challenges must be overcome in order to combating viral hepatitis. In this context, the efficacy of HCV treatment it is an important issue to achieve the HCV elimination as a public health threa

No-tillage system of flooded rice genotypes in succession to winter cover crops

A adoção do sistema de semeadura direta de arroz em sucessão a espécies de cobertura de solo no inverno é uma importante alternativa para possibilitar o cultivo em uma mesma área todos os anos. Com o objetivo de avaliar espécies de cobertura do solo no inverno mais apropriadas para participarem de um sistema de sucessão de culturas com semeadura direta de genótipos de arroz irrigado, conduziu-se um experimento na Estação Experimental do Arroz do Instituto Rio Grandense do Arroz, em Cachoeirinha, RS, nas estações de crescimento de 1996/97, 1997/98 e 1998/99. Os tratamentos constaram de quatro genótipos de arroz irrigado (BRS6, BR-IRGA 409, IRGA 416 e IRGA 417) instalados em semeadura direta, sobre parcelas com as coberturas de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Scheib), aveia-branca (Avena sativa L.), azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), serradela nativa [Ornithopus micranthus (Benth.) Arechavaleta] e de vegetação espontânea e com solo desnudo (testemunha). Quanto ao rendimento de grãos, houve interação entre sistemas de cobertura de solo e estações de crescimento. Nas três estações de crescimento, somente o arroz cultivado em sucessão à leguminosa serradela nativa apresentou rendimento de grãos similar ao obtido no sistema de cultivo convencional. Por outro lado, o arroz cultivado em sucessão ao azevém foi o único a apresentar rendimento de grãos inferior em relação ao sistema de cultivo convencional nas três estações de crescimento.The intensive use of the paddy soils in the production of flooded rice becomes more and more necessary. In this sense, the adoption of the no-till system of rice in succession to winter cover crops is an important alternative to facilitate the cultivation in the same area every year. A trial was conducted with the purpose to identify more appropriate cover crops for cold season to participate of a succession system with no-till system of flooded rice genotypes at the Estação Experimental do Arroz of Instituto Rio Grandense do Arroz, in Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil, in the 1996/97, 1997/98 and  1998/99 growing seasons. The treatments consisted of four flooded rice genotypes (BRS6,  BR-IRGA 409, IRGA 416 and IRGA 417) installed in no-till system on plots with the grasses black oat (Avena strigosa Scheib), white oat (Avena sativa L.) and rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.); with the legumen "serradela nativa" [Ornithopus micranthus (Benth.) Arechavaleta]; with spontaneous vegetation and with nude soil (check). For grain yield there was interaction between cover crops and growing seasons. In the three growing seasons, only the rice cultivated in succession to the legumen "serradela nativa" presented similar grain yield to that one obtained in the control. On the other hand, the rice cultivated in succession to the rye grass was the only one presenting inferior grain yield in relation to the check in the three growing seasons

Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare and Oryza barthii as unexpected tolerance and susceptibility sources against Schizotetranychus oryzae (Acari: Tetranychidae) mite infestation

Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is frequently exposed to multiple stresses, including Schizotetranychus oryzae mite infestation. Rice domestication has narrowed the genetic diversity of the species, leading to a wide susceptibility. This work aimed to analyze the response of two African rice species (Oryza barthii and Oryza glaberrima), weedy rice (O. sativa f. spontanea), and O. sativa cv. Nipponbare to S. oryzae infestation. Surprisingly, leaf damage, histochemistry, and chlorophyll concentration/fluorescence indicated that the African species present a higher level of leaf damage, increased accumulation of H2O2, and lower photosynthetic capacity when compared to O. sativa plants under infested conditions. Infestation decreased tiller number, except in Nipponbare, and caused the death of O. barthii and O. glaberrima plants during the reproductive stage. While infestation did not affect the weight of 1,000 grains in both O. sativa, the number of panicles per plant was affected only in O. sativa f. spontanea, and the percentage of full seeds per panicle and seed length were increased only in Nipponbare. Using proteomic analysis, we identified 195 differentially abundant proteins when comparing susceptible (O. barthii) and tolerant (Nipponbare) plants under control and infested conditions. O. barthii presents a less abundant antioxidant arsenal and is unable to modulate proteins involved in general metabolism and energy production under infested condition. Nipponbare presents high abundance of detoxification-related proteins, general metabolic processes, and energy production, suggesting that the primary metabolism is maintained more active compared to O. barthii under infested condition. Also, under infested conditions, Nipponbare presents higher levels of proline and a greater abundance of defense-related proteins, such as osmotin, ricin B-like lectin, and protease inhibitors (PIs). These differentially abundant proteins can be used as biotechnological tools in breeding programs aiming at increased tolerance to mite infestation

Necesidades de cuidados de mujeres infectadas con el virus del papiloma humano: un abordaje comprensivo

This study is founded on the phenomenology of Martin Heidegger, with the objective to understand the care needs of women infected with the human papilloma virus. Participants were fourteen women who had been diagnosed with this infection. The guiding questions were: What is it like to have this diagnosis? Tell me your experience, from when you received your diagnosis until today. What has your health care been like? The questions revealed the theme - seeking care as solicitude - which showed the importance of the support of family and friends. The presence of the infection as the cause of marital conflicts and separation was another highlighted aspect. The statements showed that there was a sense of resignation after an unsuccessful attempt to find accurate and clear information in order to make assertive decisions. Health interventions for infected women must overcome the traditional models of care, including interventions for health promotion and prevention, with trained professionals who are sensitive to the subjective dimension.Investigación fundamentada en fenomenología de Martin Heidegger que objetivó comprender las necesidades de cuidados de mujeres infectadas por el Virus del Papiloma Humano. Participaron 14 mujeres diagnosticadas con esta infección. Las preguntas orientadoras fueron: ¿Cómo es, para usted, estar con este diagnóstico? Cuénteme su experiencia, desde que supo del diagnóstico hasta hoy. ¿Cómo viene siendo la atención recibida? La revelación del tema: "buscando el cuidado como solicitud" mostró la importancia del respaldo familiar y de amigos. La presencia de la infección como razón de conflictos y separación conyugal fue otro aspecto resaltado. Los testimonios evidencian la resignación luego de la tentativa frustrada de búsqueda de informaciones precisas y esclarecedoras para la toma de decisiones asertivas. Las acciones de salud con la mujer infectada necesitan sobrepasar los modelos tradicionales de atención, incluyendo acciones de promoción y prevención de salud, con profesionales capacitados, sensibles a la dimensión subjetiva.Pesquisa fundamentada na fenomenologia de Martin Heidegger que objetivou compreender as necessidades de cuidados das mulheres infectadas pelo Papilomavírus Humanos. Participaram catorze mulheres que haviam recebido o diagnóstico dessa infecção. As questões norteadoras foram: como é, para você, estar com este diagnóstico? Conte-me sua experiência, desde que soube do diagnóstico até hoje. Como está sendo a assistência que você tem recebido? O desvelamento do tema - buscando o cuidado como solicitude - mostrou a importância do suporte dos familiares e de amigos. A presença da infecção como motivo de conflitos e separação conjugal foi outro aspecto ressaltado. Os depoimentos deixam em evidência a resignação após a tentativa frustrada de busca por informações precisas e esclarecedoras para a tomada de decisões assertivas. As ações de saúde à mulher infectada necessitam ultrapassar os modelos tradicionais de cuidado, incluindo ações de promoção e prevenção à saúde, com profissionais capacitados, sensíveis à dimensão subjetiva

Impact of educational intervention on cleaning and disinfection of an emergency unit

We aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the surface cleaning and disinfection of an emergency room. This is an interventional, prospective, longitudinal, analytical and comparative study. Data collection consisted of three stages (Stage 1—baseline, Stage 2—intervention and immediate assessment, Stage 3—long term assessment). For the statistical analysis, we used a significance level of α = 0.05. The Wilcoxon and the Mann–Whitney test tests were applied. We performed 192 assessments in each stage totaling 576 evaluations. Considering the ATP method, the percentage of approval increased after the educational intervention, as the approval rate for ATP was 25% (Stage 1), immediately after the intervention it went to 100% of the approval (Stage 2), and in the long run, 75% of the areas have been fully approved. Stage 1 showed the existence of significant differences between the relative light units (RLU) scores on only two surfaces assessed: dressing cart (p = 0.021) and women’s toilet flush handle (p = 0.014); Stage 2 presented three results with significant differences for ATP: dressing cart (p = 0.014), women’s restroom door handle (p = 0.014) and women’s toilet flush handle (p = 0.014); in step III, there was no significant difference for the ATP method. Therefore, conclusively, the educational intervention had a positive result in the short term for ATP; however, the same rates are not observed with the colony-forming units (CFU), due to their high sensitivity and the visual inspection method since four surfaces had defects in their structure.publishersversionpublishe

Memorial de infantería: Época 2 Número 9 - marzo 1873

Rice is the staple food for over half of the world’s population. Infestation of Schizotetranychus oryzae (Acari: Tetranychidae) causes great losses in rice productivity. To search for rice genotypes that could better tolerate S. oryzae infestation, we evaluated morphological and production parameters in Brazilian cultivars, and identified two cultivars with contrasting responses. Leaf damage during infestation was similar for all cultivars. However, infestation in Puitá INTA-CL resulted in reduction in the number of seeds per plant, percentage of full seeds, weight of 1,000 seeds, and seed length, whereas infestation in IRGA 423 increased weight of 1,000 seeds and seed length. Reduction in seed weight per plant caused by infestation was clearly higher in Puitá INTA-CL (62%) compared to IRGA 423 (no reduction detected), thus Puitá INTA-CL was established as susceptible, and IRGA 423 as tolerant to S. oryzae infestation. Photosynthetic parameters were less affected by infestation in IRGA 423 than in Puitá INTA-CL, evidencing higher efficiency of energy absorption and use. S. oryzae infestation also caused accumulation of H2O2, decreased cell membrane integrity (indicative of cell death), and accelerated senescence in leaves of Puitá INTA-CL, while leaves of IRGA 423 presented higher levels of total phenolics compounds. We performed proteomics analysis of Puitá INTA-CL and IRGA 423 leaves after 7 days of infestation, and identified 60 differentially abundant proteins (28 more abundant in leaves of Puitá INTA-CL and 32 in IRGA 423). Proteins related to plant defense, such as jasmonate synthesis, and related to other mechanisms of tolerance such as oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and DNA structure maintenance, together with energy production and general metabolic processes, were more abundant in IRGA 423. We also detected higher levels of silicon (as amorphous silica cells) in leaves of infested IRGA 423 plants compared to Puitá INTA-CL, an element previously linked to plant defense, indicating that it could be involved in tolerance mechanisms. Taken together, our data show that IRGA 423 presents tolerance to S. oryzae infestation, and that multiple mechanisms might be employed by this cultivar. These findings could be used in biotechnological approaches aiming to increase rice tolerance to mite infestation

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries