104 research outputs found
Prototype Detector for Ultrahigh Energy Neutrino Detection
Necessary technical experience is being gained from successful construction
and deployment of current prototype detectors to search for UHE neutrinos in
Antarctica, Lake Baikal in Russia, and the Mediterranean. The prototype
detectors have also the important central purpose of determining whether or not
UHE neutrinos do in fact exist in nature by observation of at least a few UHE
neutrino-induced leptons with properties that are not consistent with expected
backgrounds. We discuss here the criteria for a prototype detector to
accomplish that purpose in a convincing way even if the UHE neutrino flux is
substantially lower than predicted at present.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Astroparticle Physic
Summary of the Activities of the Working Group I on High Energy and Collider Physics
This is a summary of the projects undertaken by the Working Group I on High
Energy Collider Physics at the Eighth Workshop on High Energy Physics
Phenomenology (WHEPP8) held at the Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai,
January 5-16, 2004. The topics covered are (i) Higgs searches (ii)
supersymmetry searches (iii) extra dimensions and (iv) linear collider.Comment: summary of Working Group I at the Eighth Workshop on High Energy
Physics Phenomenology (WHEPP8), I.I.T., Mumbai, January 5-16, 200
Blood pressure in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.
In September 2017, KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) convened a Controversies Conference titled Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The purpose of the meeting was to consider which recommendations from the 2012 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in CKD should be reevaluated based on new evidence from clinical trials. Participants included a multidisciplinary panel of clinical and scientific experts. Discussions focused on the optimal means for measuring blood pressure (BP) as well as managing BP in CKD patients. Consistent with the 2012 Guideline, the conference did not address BP management in patients on maintenance dialysis
The Solar Neutrino Puzzle: An Oscillation Solution with Maximal Neutrino Mixing
If, as suggested by the SuperKamiokande results, the mu neutrino and tau
neutrino are maximally and ``rapidly'' mixed, this alone determines the mapping
from current to mass eigenstates up to one rotation angle (theta) mixing the
electron neutrino ``more slowly'', with an equal combination of the mu neutrino
and tau neutrino. For sin 2 theta = 1, the resulting minimal number of free
parameters, yet maximal mixing, shows agreement between extant observations of
solar neutrinos and predictions by the standard solar model with minor
modifications.Comment: 10 pages, latex, revtex source, two postscript figure
Evaluation of the effect of sodiumâglucose coâtransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPERORâReduced trial
Drugs that inhibit the sodiumâglucose coâtransporter 2 (SGLT2) have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalizations for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes. In populations that largely did not have heart failure at the time of enrolment, empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin decreased the risk of serious newâonset heart failure events by â30%. In addition, in the EMPAâREG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin reduced the risk of both pump failure and sudden deaths, the two most common modes of death among patients with heart failure. In none of the three trials could the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure be explained by the actions of these drugs as diuretics or antiâhyperglycaemic agents. These observations raise the possibility that SGLT2 inhibitors could reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with established heart failure, including those without diabetes. The EMPERORâReduced trial is enrolling â3600 patients with heart failure and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (â€â40%), half of whom are expected not to have diabetes. Patients are being randomized to placebo or empagliflozin 10 mg daily, which is added to all appropriate treatment with inhibitors of the reninâangiotensin system and neprilysin, betaâblockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The primary endpoint is the timeâtoâfirst event analysis of the combined risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure, but the trial will also evaluate the effects of empagliflozin on renal function, cardiovascular death, allâcause mortality, and recurrent hospitalization events. By adjusting eligibility based on natriuretic peptide levels to the baseline ejection fraction, the trial will preferentially enrol highârisk patients. A large proportion of the participants is expected to have an ejection fraction <â30%, and the estimated annual event rate is expected to be at least 15%. The EMPERORâReduced trial is wellâpositioned to determine if the addition of empagliflozin can add meaningfully to current approaches that have established benefits in the treatment of chronic heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Evaluation of the effects of sodiumâglucose coâtransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPERORâPreserved Trial
Background:
The principal biological processes that characterize heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are systemic inflammation, epicardial adipose tissue accumulation, coronary microcirculatory rarefaction, myocardial fibrosis and vascular stiffness; the resulting impairment of left ventricular and aortic distensibility (especially when accompanied by impaired glomerular function and sodium retention) causes increases in cardiac filling pressures and exertional dyspnoea despite the relative preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction. Independently of their actions on blood glucose, sodiumâglucose coâtransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert a broad range of biological effects (including actions to inhibit cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, antagonize sodium retention and improve glomerular function) that can ameliorate the pathophysiological derangements in HFpEF. Such SGLT2 inhibitors exert favourable effects in experimental models of HFpEF and have been found in largeâscale trials to reduce the risk for serious heart failure events in patients with typeâ2 diabetes, many of whom were retrospectively identified as having HFpEF.
Study design:
The EMPERORâPreserved Trial is enrolling â5750 patients with HFpEF (ejection fraction >40%), with and without type 2 diabetes, who are randomized to receive placebo or empagliflozin 10 mg/day, which is added to all appropriate treatments for HFpEF and coâmorbidities.
Study aims:
The primary endpoint is the timeâtoâfirstâevent analysis of the combined risk for cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. The trial will also evaluate the effects of empagliflozin on renal function, cardiovascular death,
allâcause mortality and recurrent hospitalization events, and will assess a wide range of biomarkers that reflect important pathophysiological mechanisms that may drive the evolution of HFpEF. The EMPERORâPreserved Trial is well positioned to determine if empagliflozin can have a meaningful impact on the course of HFpEF, a disorder for which there are currently few therapeutic options
Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences
The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & NemĂ©sio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; NemĂ©sio 2009aâb; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported
by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on
18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based
researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016
Accelerated surgery versus standard care in hip fracture (HIP ATTACK): an international, randomised, controlled trial
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