55 research outputs found
Play-Responsive Teaching in Early Childhood Education
This open access book develops a theoretical concept of teaching that is relevant to early childhood education, and based on childrenâs learning and development through play. It discusses theoretical premises and research on playing and learning, and proposes the development of play-responsive didaktik. It examines the processes and products of learning and development, teaching and its phylogenetic and ontogenetic development, as well as the âwhatâ of learning and didaktik. Next, it explores the actions, objects and meaning of play and provides insight into the diversity of beliefs about the practices of play. The book presents ideas on how combined research and development projects can be carried out, providing incentive and a model for practice development and research. The second part of the book consists of empirical studies on teacherâs playing skills and examples of play with very young as well as older children
An advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-rich diet promotes accumulation of AGEs in Achilles tendon
Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in longâlived tissue proteins like collagen in bone and tendon causing modification of the biomechanical properties. This has been hypothesized to raise the risk of orthopedic injury such as bone fractures and tendon ruptures. We evaluated the relationship between AGE content in the diet and accumulation of AGEs in weightâbearing animal Achilles tendon. Two groups of mice (C57BL/6Ntac) were fed with either highâfat diet low in AGEs highâfat diet (HFD) (n = 14) or normal diet high in AGEs (ND) (n = 11). AGE content in ND was six to 50âfold higher than HFD. The mice were sacrificed at week 40 and Achilles and tail tendons were carefully excised to compare weight and nonweightâbearing tendons. The amount of the AGEs carboxymethyllysine (CML), methylglyoxalâderived hydroimidazolone (MGâH1) and carboxyethyllysine (CEL) in Achilles and tail tendon was measured using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLCâMS/MS) and pentosidine with highâpressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescent detection. AGEs in Achilles tendon were higher than in tail tendon for CML (P < 0.0001), CEL (P < 0.0001), MGâH1 and pentosidine (for both ND and HFD) (P < 0.0001). The AGEârich diet (ND) resulted in an increase in CML (P < 0.0001), MGâH1 (P < 0.001) and pentosidine (P < 0.0001) but not CEL, in Achilles and tail tendon. This is the first study to provide evidence for AGE accumulation in injuryâprone, weightâbearing Achilles tendon associated with intake of an AGEârich diet. This indicates that foodâderived AGEs may alter tendon properties and the development of tendon injuries
Phenotype Harmonization in the GLIDE2 Oral Health Genomics Consortium
Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome. In this article, we introduce the second wave of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints consortium (GLIDE2) and discuss relevant data analytics challenges, opportunities, and applications. In this phase, the consortium comprises a diverse, multiethnic sample of over 700,000 participants from 21 studies contributing clinical data on dental caries experience and periodontitis. We outline the methodological challenges of combining data from heterogeneous populations, as well as the data reduction problem in resolving detailed clinical examination records into tractable phenotypes, and describe a strategy that addresses this. Specifically, we propose a 3-tiered phenotyping approach aimed at leveraging both the large sample size in the consortium and the detailed clinical information available in some studies, wherein binary, severity-encompassing, and "precision," data-driven clinical traits are employed. As an illustration of the use of data-driven traits across multiple cohorts, we present an application of dental caries experience data harmonization in 8 participating studies (N = 55,143) using previously developed permanent dentition tooth surface-level dental caries pattern traits. We demonstrate that these clinical patterns are transferable across multiple cohorts, have similar relative contributions within each study, and thus are prime targets for genetic interrogation in the expanded and diverse multiethnic sample of GLIDE2. We anticipate that results from GLIDE2 will decisively advance the knowledge base of mechanisms at play in oral, dental, and craniofacial health and disease and further catalyze international collaboration and data and resource sharing in genomics research.Peer reviewe
Using genetics to test the causal relationship of total adiposity and periodontitis: Mendelian randomization analyses in the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) Consortium
Background: The observational relationship between obesity and periodontitis is widely known, yet causal evidence is lacking. Our objective was to investigate causal associations between periodontitis and body mass index (BMI).Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization analyses with BMI-associated loci combined in a genetic risk score (GRS) as the instrument for BMI. All analyses were conducted within the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) Consortium in 13 studies from Europe and the USA, including 49â066 participants with clinically assessed (seven studies, 42.1% of participants) and self-reported (six studies, 57.9% of participants) periodontitis and genotype data (17â672/31â394 with/without periodontitis); 68â761 participants with BMI and genotype data; and 57â871 participants (18â881/38â990 with/without periodontitis) with data on BMI and periodontitis.Results: In the observational meta-analysis of all participants, the pooled crude observational odds ratio (OR) for periodontitis was 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.24] per standard deviation increase of BMI. Controlling for potential confounders attenuated this estimate (ORâ=â1.08; 95% CI:1.03, 1.12). For clinically assessed periodontitis, corresponding ORs were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.42) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.17), respectively. In the genetic association meta-analysis, the OR for periodontitis was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.03) per GRS unit (per one effect allele) in all participants and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.03) in participants with clinically assessed periodontitis. The instrumental variable meta-analysis of all participants yielded an OR of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.38) per BMI standard deviation, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.46) in participants with clinical data.Conclusions: Our study does not support total adiposity as a causal risk factor for periodontitis, as the point estimate is very close to the null in the causal inference analysis, with wide confidence intervals
Lead usersâ ideas on core features to support physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a first step in the development of an internet service using participatory design
Psykoterapeuters upplevelser av vÀndpunkter i psykodynamiska terapier
PSYKOTERAPEUTERS UPPLEVELSER AV VĂNDPUNKTER I PSYKODYNAMISKA TERAPIER   Sammanfattning Denna explorativa studies syfte var att undersöka legitimerade psykoÂterapeuters upplevelser av vĂ€ndpunkter i psykodynamiska terapier. Data utgjordes av halvstrukturerade intervjuer med Ă„tta psykoÂterapeuter och bearbetades med tematisk analys. FrĂ„gestĂ€llningarna berörde utmĂ€rkanÂde drag för processen fram till vĂ€ndpunkten, beskrivning av vĂ€ndÂpunktsÂögonÂblicket, hur vĂ€ndpunkter benĂ€mns samt eventuella svĂ„rigÂheter att definiera vĂ€ndpunkter. Resultaten visar att utmĂ€rkande för vĂ€ndpunktsögonblicket Ă€r att ett genuint möte uppstĂ„r, terapeuten agerar spontant, hĂ€rbĂ€rgerar, har ramar, ger akt pĂ„ motöverföringskĂ€nslor samt Ă€r tydlig i förhĂ„llande till patienten. VĂ€ndÂpunktsögonblicket beskrivs ofta som en kĂ€nsla och blir tydligt i Ă„terÂgivandet exempelvis i handledning. Processen föregĂ„s av motstĂ„nd, positiv överföring, avbrott, fördjupning av alliansen, genomarbetning samt minskning av agerandet och projicerandet. Tiden, kontinuiteten samt neutraliteten Ă€r bidragande. VĂ€ndpunkter benĂ€mns oftast av bĂ„de terapeut och patient i utvĂ€rdeÂringen, men med andra ord. Berörs de inte utmĂ€rks terapin ofta av lĂ„ngsamma processer. Dagens öppenÂvĂ„rdsÂpsykiatri behandlar föreÂtrĂ€desvis patienters sympÂtom och behandlingsÂtiderna kortas ner och handledning reduceras. Hur pĂ„verkar det hĂ€r möjligheterna att nĂ„ fram till vĂ€ndpunkter med patienter med en svĂ„r problematik?
Patienters upplevelser av humor i vÄrden : en litteraturstudie
Humor ingÄr i kategorin kommunikation som Àr viktig i omvÄrdnadsprocessen. Definiera humor kan vara svÄrt och i studien definieras humor som en karaktÀrsegenskap dÀr individen har ett sinne för det roliga och syftet Àr att bjuda in till skratt. Humor Àr personligt och kan ses som ett universellt sprÄk. En produkt av humor Àr skratt som har mÄnga positiva fysiologiska effekter i kroppen. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av humor i vÄrden. Metod: En allmÀn litteraturöversikt med utgÄngspunkt i kvalitativa artiklar gjordes. Artiklarna hittades i omvÄrdnadsinriktade databaser. För att svara pÄ syftet identifierades 16 artiklar. En induktiv analys genomfördes för att skapa en ny helhet. Resultat: De tre centrala fynden som identifierades var: humor förbÀttrade omvÄrdnaden, humor underlÀttade och pÄverkade relationen och humor anvÀndes som lindring. Slutsats: RÀtt anvÀndning av humor förbÀttrar livskvalitén för patienter och kan anvÀndas som ett hjÀlpmedel genom sin sjukdom eller skada. Humor hjÀlper till att skapa och stÀrka relationer. Eftersom en exakt definition av humor saknas Àr det svÄrt att mÀta och undersöka. Fler grundliga studier behövs.
Cooperative learningin mat hematic a developing process
Kooperativt lÀrande i matematik Àr en framgÄngsrik metod och lÀrare över hela vÀrldenföresprÄkar och arbetar utifrÄn detta arbetssÀtt (Kagan och Stenlev, 2017). Syftet meddenna kunskapsöversikt blev sÄledes att undersöka vad som krÀvs för att göra kooperativtlÀrande kunskapsutvecklande och vilken roll lÀraren har. Undersökningen gjordes genomsammanstÀllning och analys av befintlig forskning. Sökningar genomfördes i olikadatabaser för att identifiera vetenskapliga artiklar som sedan analyserades ochsammanfattades. Resultatet visade att lÀraren har en betydande roll i det kooperativalÀrandet för att det ska fungera. UtifrÄn resultatet fick vi fram att gruppsammansÀttningar,undervisning om kooperativt lÀrande samt att ge elever med neuropsykiskafunktionsnedsÀttningar (NPF) stöttning Àr framgÄngsfaktorer i det kooperativa lÀrandet.Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultatet utifrÄn personliga erfarenheter samt vad som skullekunna vara relevant för framtida forskning
âŠpleasentries first and then you can get down to business⊠A study on the subject of personal encounters at public libraries.
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the view on the personal encounter between staff and visitors in public libraries in order to detect possible differences between the two groups in order to see if the personal encounter as such could be used in order to market libraries. We believe that social competence must interact with the initial personal encounter in order for the visitor to experience the visit as positive. We have based the theoretical framework on Erving Goffmanâs theory on social interaction, as well as on Christian Grönroosâ theory on quality of service and marketing. We use the following questions: How do library staff view the personal encounter? How do library visitors view the personal encounter? How does the library staffâs treatment affect the visitorâs view of the library?Are there any differences in view between visitors and staff concerning the personal encounter? If so, what kind of differences are they? Using qualitative interviews, we have interviewed nine visitors and six staff members at two public libraries. The visitors believe that the librarian should be friendly, helpful, well informed and available in order for the personal encounter to be perceived as positive. The interviewed staff believes that personal encounter plays a central part in how their work and that their treatment can be conclusive in the visitorâs perception of the library. The conclusions of the study say that the staffâs treatment of the visitors could function as both good and bad marketing for the library, depending on the visitorâs experience.UppsatsnivĂ„:
Cooperative learningin mat hematic a developing process
Kooperativt lÀrande i matematik Àr en framgÄngsrik metod och lÀrare över hela vÀrldenföresprÄkar och arbetar utifrÄn detta arbetssÀtt (Kagan och Stenlev, 2017). Syftet meddenna kunskapsöversikt blev sÄledes att undersöka vad som krÀvs för att göra kooperativtlÀrande kunskapsutvecklande och vilken roll lÀraren har. Undersökningen gjordes genomsammanstÀllning och analys av befintlig forskning. Sökningar genomfördes i olikadatabaser för att identifiera vetenskapliga artiklar som sedan analyserades ochsammanfattades. Resultatet visade att lÀraren har en betydande roll i det kooperativalÀrandet för att det ska fungera. UtifrÄn resultatet fick vi fram att gruppsammansÀttningar,undervisning om kooperativt lÀrande samt att ge elever med neuropsykiskafunktionsnedsÀttningar (NPF) stöttning Àr framgÄngsfaktorer i det kooperativa lÀrandet.Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultatet utifrÄn personliga erfarenheter samt vad som skullekunna vara relevant för framtida forskning
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