Syntaxen hos restriktiva och icke-restriktiva relativer : en minimalistisk analys av som-relativkonstruktioner med utgångspunkt i svenskan

In this paper, I discuss the structure of restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses based on Swe-dish data. The proposed analysis suggests that the non-restrictive relative clauses is an adjunct ad-joined to DP and that the restrictive relative clause is an argument of D, merged in Spec-DP. In my analysis, I assume a non-valued definiteness feature marked EPP in D that must be matched by a corresponding definiteness feature. In the non-restrictive construction, D finds its corresponding feature within the relative head; i.e. the suffixed article. In the restrictive construction, on the other hand, D must be matched against an element in the relative clause. This matching operation seems to be the underlying grammar that carries the semantics of the restrictive construction

Diskrimineringsskydd för bemanningsanställda - En studie av ansvarsfördelning vid rekrytering och inhyrning av arbetskraft

Bemanningsbranschen är idag starkt etablerad på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Dess snabba utveckling och expandering har dock medfört frågetecken kring den trepartsrelation som skapas mellan kundföretaget, bemanningsföretaget och den anställda och hur denna trepartsrelation hanteras i svensk diskrimineringslagstiftning. Uppsatsen tar avstamp i en promemoria från Näringsdepartementet som belyser denna problematik med fokus på det ansvar i diskrimineringsfrågor som i denna trepartrelation ibland kan vara svårdefinierat. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera huruvida nuvarande lagstiftning reglerar diskrimineringsansvaret i den trepartskonstellation som uppstår vid inhyrning av personal och vilka eventuella risker dessa regleringar kan medföra. Utifrån ovanstående, behandlar uppsatsen diskrimineringsskyddet för bemanningsanställda inom följande ansvarsområden: rekrytering, arbetsvillkor och trakasserier. Rättutredningen och den efterföljande analys som genomförs visar att ansvars-fördelningen för diskrimineringsskyddet mellan bemanningsföretag och kundföretag skiljer sig åt på respektive ansvarsområde. I vissa fall råder ett delat ansvar parterna emellan, där ramarna för ansvaret ej närmare definieras i rättskällorna. En anledning till detta kan vara avsaknaden av praxis på området, vilket medför att dessa situationer ej prövats i praktiken och ramarna för diskrimineringsansvaret därmed ej formats. En oklar ansvarsfördelning vid upprätthållandet av diskrimineringsskyddet kan därför i förlängningen leda till ett ökat missgynnande för anställda i denna bransch.Employment agencies, as an industry, are well established in the contemporary Swedish labor market. Its vast expansion over the last few decades however, raises questions as to how Swedish discrimination regulations, handle the three-party relationship that occur between the employer, the employee and the host company. The purpose of the essay is to firstly, analyze whether Swedish labor law regulates the discrimination responsibilities of the three-party relationship that occur when staffing personnel and secondly, if present regulations effect the risk of discrimination for staffing employees within the following areas: recruitment, working conditions and workplaceharassment. It further focuses on the, sometimes hard to define, legal responsibilities in situations of discrimination, and how these responsibilities are divided within the three-party relationship. The analysis of the legal investigation, show that the division of responsibilities related to discrimination protection, differs between the staffing agency and the host company. In some cases the division of these responsibilities are not defined by the legal sources. One of the reasons for this, is the lack of court praxis of discrimination within staffing employment. A lack of clear legal division of responsibility, could possibly increase discrimination within the staffing industry

Catalogue of poems in classical Chinese of the Edo period in the Waseda University Library Collections (II)

Resultat: Vi framhåller att den teoretiska spänningen mellan reaktionssnabbhet och synergi som uppstår när decentraliserade organisationer fokuserar på kärnkompetensbaserad strategi till viss del kan hanteras av ledningen genom ett adekvat agerande. För att skapa synergier krävs centralisering. Då strategisk beslutsrätt är en nyckelfaktor för reaktionssnabbhet kan och bör den inte fråntas SBU:s. Vår slutsats är att om en decentraliserad organisation centraliserar den operativa beslutsrätten istället för den strategiska, bör den kunna öka både reaktionssnabbheten och synergierna i företaget som helhet. Centralisering av företagets operativa delar minimerar den initialt negativa effekten på reaktionssnabbhet som centraliseringen medför. Vi har funnit att den bästa ledningsroll som kan antas i utvecklings- och spridningsprocessen av kärnkompetens är att påtvinga ett bästa utförande. Med detta menas att utvecklingen av kompetenser bör hanteras inom SBU:s, medan spridningen och institutionaliseringen sköts centralt. Detta underlättar synergiskapandet genom att använda de historiskt starka vertikala kommunikationskanalerna, vilket kortar återhämtningstiden av den ovan nämnda initiala minskningen i reaktionssnabbhet. Med en väl balanserad kombination av dessa förslag för hantering av spänningen mellan kärnkompetensbaserad strategi och decentraliserade organisationer torde företag kunna öka sin långsiktiga konkurrenskraft samt skapa en förbättrad metod för hantering av spänningen

Coupling Complete Blood Count and Steroidomics to Track Low Doses Administration of Recombinant Growth Hormone: An Anti-Doping Perspective

Growth Hormone (GH) under its human recombinant homologue (rhGH), may be abused by athletes to take advantage of its well-known anabolic and lipolytic properties; hence it is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Due to the rapid turnover of rhGH, anti-doping screening tests have turned to monitor two endocrine biomarkers (IGF-I and P-III-NP), but unfortunately, they show population-wise variability, limiting the identification rate of rhGH users. Previous studies have evidenced the numerous effects of GH on human physiology, especially in hematopoiesis and steroidogenesis. In this work, aiming to discover novel physiological rhGH biomarkers, we analyzed the complete blood count and the steroidomics profile of healthy, physically active, young males treated either with EPO + rhGH or EPO + placebo. The time-trends of these two physiological routes have been analyzed through geometric trajectory analysis (GTA) and OPLS-DA. Individuals supplemented with micro-doses of rhGH exhibited different leukopoietic and steroidal profiles compared to the control population, suggesting a role of the rhGH in both pathways. In the article, hypotheses on the observed differences are discussed according to the most recent literature and compared to results in animal models. The use of leukopoietic and steroidal biomarkers together with endocrine biomarkers (IGF-1 and P-III-NP) allows to correctly classify over 98% of samples with no false positives, miss-classifying only one single sample (false negative) over a total of 56; a promising result, if compared to the current rhGH detection strategies

Public policy and future mineral supplies

A widespread and pessimistic view of the availability of mineral commodities calls for strong government initiatives to ensure adequate future supplies. This article provides a more market oriented and optimistic perspective, one that focuses on production costs and prices rather than physical availability. It sees short-run shortages continuing to plague commodity markets in the future as in the past. Though painful while they last, these shortages are temporary and do not pose a serious long-run threat to human welfare. Moreover, even without government intervention, they self-correct. The sharply higher prices that they evoke create strong incentives that foster supply and curb demand. Potentially more serious are long-run shortages due to mineral depletion. Such shortages are often thought to be inevitable, a conclusion that flows directly from the physical view of depletion. For various reasons, we reject this view of depletion in favor of an economic view. The latter recognizes that depletion may create long-run shortages, but stresses that this need not be the case if new technology can continue to offset the cost-increasing effects of depletion in the future as it has in the past. The economic view also suggests that a list of mineral commodities most threatened by depletion can best be compiled using cumulative availability curves rather than the more common practice of calculating commodity life expectancies based on estimates of available stocks.<p>Validerad;2018;Nivå 2;2018-08-08 (rokbeg)</p

Urinary leukotriene E4 and prostaglandin D2 metabolites increase in adult and childhood severe asthma characterized by type 2 Inflammation : a clinical observational study

Rationale: New approaches are needed to guide personalized treatment of asthma.Objective: To test if urinary eicosanoid metabolites can direct asthma phenotyping.Methods: Urinary metabolites of prostaglandins (PG), cysteinyl-leukotrienes (LT) and isoprostanes were quantified in the Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Diseases Outcomes (U-BIOPRED) study including 86 adults with mild-to-moderate asthma (MMA), 411 with severe asthma (SA), and 100 healthy controls (HC). Validation was performed in 302 SA subjects followed-up after 12-18 months, and externally in 95 adolescents with asthma.Measurement and Main Results: Metabolite levels in HC were unrelated to age, BMI and sex, except for the PGE2-pathway. Eicosanoid levels were generally greater in MMA relative to HC, with further elevations in SA, except for PGE2-metabolites in males, which were the same or lower in non-smoking asthmatics as in HC. Metabolite levels were unchanged in asthmatics adherent to oral corticosteroid treatment as documented by urinary prednisolone detection, whereas SA treated with omalizumab had lower levels of LTE4 and the PGD2 metabolite 2,3-dinor-11?-PGF2?. High levels of LTE4 and PGD2-metabolites were associated with lower lung-function, and increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide and eosinophil markers in blood, sputum and urine in U-BIOPRED and in adolescents with asthma. These type-2 (T2) asthma associations were reproduced in the follow-up visit of the U-BIOPRED study, and found to be as sensitive to detect T2 inflammation as the established biomarkers. Conclusions: Monitoring of urinary eicosanoids can identify T2 asthma and introduces a new non-invasive approach for molecular phenotyping of adult and adolescent asthma

Risk of malnutrition is associated with mental health symptoms in community living elderly men and women: The Tromsø Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little research has been done on the relationship between malnutrition and mental health in community living elderly individuals. In the present study, we aimed to assess the associations between mental health (particularly anxiety and depression) and both the risk of malnutrition and body mass index (BMI, kg/m²) in a large sample of elderly men and women from Tromsø, Norway.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a cross-sectional survey, with 1558 men and 1553 women aged 65 to 87 years, the risk of malnutrition was assessed by the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ('MUST'), and mental health was measured by the Symptoms Check List 10 (SCL-10). BMI was categorised into six groups (< 20.0, 20.0-22.4, 22.5-24.9, 25.0-27.4, 27.5-29.9, ≥ 30.0 kg/m²).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The risk of malnutrition (combining medium and high risk) was found in 5.6% of the men and 8.6% of the women. Significant mental health symptoms were reported by 3.9% of the men and 9.1% of the women. In a model adjusted for age, marital status, smoking and education, significant mental health symptoms (SCL-10 score ≥ 1.85) were positively associated with the risk of malnutrition (odds ratio 3.9 [95% CI 1.7-8.6] in men and 2.5 [95%CI 1.3-4.9] in women), the association was positive also for subthreshold mental health symptoms. For individuals with BMI < 20.0 the adjusted odds ratio for significant mental health symptoms was 2.0 [95% CI 1.0-4.0].</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Impaired mental health was strongly associated with the risk of malnutrition in community living elderly men and women and this association was also significant for subthreshold mental health symptoms.</p

Stirring the motivational soup: Within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise

Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles. Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles. Results: Six profiles, representing different combinations of regulations for exercise, were found to best represent data in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples (e.g., low motivation profile, self-determined motivation profile and self-determined with high introjected regulation profile), whereas others were unique to each sample. In line with the Self-Determination Theory, individuals belonging to more self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction. Conclusions: The results support the notions of motivation being a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. The benefits of using person-oriented analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations are discussed. © 2017 The Author(s)