212 research outputs found

    Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction

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    Illegal births and legal abortions – the case of China

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    BACKGROUND: China has a national policy regulating the number of children that a woman is allowed to have. The central concept at the individual level application is "illegal pregnancy". The purpose of this article is to describe and problematicize the concept of illegal pregnancy and its use in practice. METHODS: Original texts and previous published and unpublished reports and statistics were used. RESULTS: By 1979 the Chinese population policy was clearly a policy of controlling population growth. For a pregnancy to be legal, it has to be defined as such according to the family-level eligibility rules, and in some places it has to be within the local quota. Enforcement of the policy has been pursued via the State Family Planning (FP) Commission and the Communist Party (CP), both of which have a functioning vertical structure down to the lowest administrative units. There are various incentives and disincentives for families to follow the policy. An extensive system has been created to keep the contraceptive use and pregnancy status of all married women at reproductive age under constant surveillance. In the early 1990s FP and CP officials were made personally responsible for meeting population targets. Since 1979, abortion has been available on request, and the ratio of legal abortions to birth increased in the 1980s and declined in the 1990s. Similar to what happens in other Asian countries with low fertility rates and higher esteem for boys, both national- and local-level data show that an unnaturally greater number of boys than girls are registered as having been born. CONCLUSION: Defining a pregnancy as "illegal" and carrying out the surveillance of individual women are phenomena unique in China, but this does not apply to other features of the policy. The moral judgment concerning the policy depends on the basic question of whether reproduction should be considered as an individual or social decision

    Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 9

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    In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions. Furthermore, three new combinations are proposed. Nomenclatural and distribution updates published elsewhere are provided as Suppl. material 1

    Observation of B(s)0→J/ψpp¯ decays and precision measurements of the B(s)0 masses

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    The first observation of the decays B 0 ( s ) → J / ψ p ¯ p is reported, using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.2     fb − 1 , collected with the LHCb detector. These decays are suppressed due to limited available phase space, as well as due to Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka or Cabibbo suppression. The measured branching fractions are B ( B 0 → J / ψ p ¯ p ) = [ 4.51 ± 0.40 ( stat ) ± 0.44 ( syst ) ] × 10 − 7 , B ( B 0 s → J / ψ p ¯ p ) = [ 3.58 ± 0.19 ( stat ) ± 0.39 ( syst ) ] × 10 − 6 . For the B 0 s meson, the result is much higher than the expected value of O ( 10 − 9 ) . The small available phase space in these decays also allows for the most precise single measurement of both the B 0 mass as 5279.74 ± 0.30 ( stat ) ± 0.10 ( syst )     MeV and the B 0 s mass as 5366.85 ± 0.19 ( stat ) ± 0.13 ( syst )     MeV

    Measurement of D s <sup>±</sup> production asymmetry in pp collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV

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    The inclusive Ds±D_s^{\pm} production asymmetry is measured in pppp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of s=7\sqrt{s} =7 and 8 TeV. Promptly produced Ds±D_s^{\pm} mesons are used, which decay as Ds±ϕπ±D_s^{\pm}\to\phi\pi^{\pm}, with ϕK+K\phi\to K^+K^-. The measurement is performed in bins of transverse momentum, pTp_{\rm T}, and rapidity, yy, covering the range 2.5<pT<25.02.5<p_{\rm T}<25.0 GeV/c/c and 2.0<y<4.52.0<y<4.5. No kinematic dependence is observed. Evidence of nonzero Ds±D_s^{\pm} production asymmetry is found with a significance of 3.3 standard deviations.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2018-010.htm

    Observation of the decay Λ <sub>b</sub> <sup>0</sup>  → ψ(2S)pπ<sup>−</sup>

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    International audienceThe Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λb0_{b}^{0}  → ψ(2S)pπ^{−} is observed for the first time using a data sample collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions corresponding to 1.0, 2.0 and 1.9 fb1^{−1} of integrated luminosity at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. The ψ(2S) mesons are reconstructed in the μ+^{+}μ^{−} final state. The branching fraction with respect to that of the Λb0_{b}^{0}  → ψ(2S)pK^{−} decay mode is measured to b

    Test of lepton universality in bs+b \rightarrow s \ell^+ \ell^- decays

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    The first simultaneous test of muon-electron universality using B+K++B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\ell^{+}\ell^{-} and B0K0+B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}\ell^{+}\ell^{-} decays is performed, in two ranges of the dilepton invariant-mass squared, q2q^{2}. The analysis uses beauty mesons produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb1\mathrm{fb}^{-1}. Each of the four lepton universality measurements reported is either the first in the given q2q^{2} interval or supersedes previous LHCb measurements. The results are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-046.html (LHCb public pages

    Search for CP violation in Λb0→pK− and Λb0→pπ− decays

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    A search for CP violation in Λb0→pK− and Λb0→pπ− decays is presented using a sample of pp collisions collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0fb−1. The CP -violating asymmetries are measured to be ACPpK−=−0.020±0.013±0.019 and ACPpπ−=−0.035±0.017±0.020, and their difference ACPpK−−ACPpπ−=0.014±0.022±0.010, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise measurements of such asymmetries to date

    Observation and branching fraction measurement of the decay Ξb- → Λ0 bπ -

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