Algumas contribuições do feminismo à psicologia social comunitária

Neste artigo, analisamos as contribuições do debate feminista sobre interseccionalidade de categorias sociais para a psicologia social comunitária no Brasil. Esta se constituiu como campo teórico dedicado a analisar as desigualdades sociais que marcam as sociedades contemporâneas e a propor processos metodológicos de intervenção para problematização e transformação dessas realidades. Discutimos como a emergência de novos atores e demandas no espaço público, de forma distinta dos anos 1960/1970, tem exigido compreender as opressões a partir de sistemas de poder diversos, como os de gênero, de raça e de sexualidade. Conclui-se que a análise interseccional deve considerar diversos níveis de relação entre as categorias, o histórico diferenciado destas e os aspectos comuns dos distintos sistemas de poder, como naturalização das desigualdades, relação entre o público e o privado e relação entre igualdade e diferença. As análises baseadas na interseccionalidade podem contribuir para processos de intervenção social que considerem a complexidade das sociedades contemporâneas.This article analyzes the contributions of feminist debate about intersectionality of social categories for Community Social Psychology in Brazil. This was set up as dedicated to theoretical analyze the social inequalities that characterize contemporary societies and propose methodological processes of intervention for questioning and processing of these realities. We discuss how the emergence of new actors and demands on public space, as distinct from the 60/70, is required to understand the oppression from various power systems such as gender, race and sexuality. We conclude that intersectional analysis should consider different levels of relationships between categories, the history of the same differential and common aspects of different systems of power as naturalization of inequality, the relationship between public and private relationship between equality and difference. Analyses based on intersectionality can contribute to processes of social intervention that considers the complexity of contemporary societies

Some reflections on race and racism in Brazil

In this paper we propose a course of analysis aimed at the clarification of how racism and racial inequality have been shaped, naturalized and institutionalized in Brazil based on specificities strongly linked to the dynamics of Brazilian society from, among others, the viewpoint of the interests of the elite, the colonial rationale, and the process of modernization of the Brazilian State. We first analyze the process of invention of races in the West and the scientific racism in Brazil until the development of the myth of racial democracy. Then, we highlight the contributions of the black movement that have been fundamental to the acknowledgement of racial equality as a public issue in Brazil.Keywords: racism; racial democracy; Brazil; black movement

Some reflections on race and racism in Brazil

In this paper we propose a course of analysis aimed at the clarification of how racism and racial inequality have been shaped, naturalized and institutionalized in Brazil based on specificities strongly linked to the dynamics of Brazilian society from, among others, the viewpoint of the interests of the elite, the colonial rationale, and the process of modernization of the Brazilian State. We first analyze the process of invention of races in the West and the scientific racism in Brazil until the development of the myth of racial democracy. Then, we highlight the contributions of the black movement that have been fundamental to the acknowledgement of racial equality as a public issue in Brazil.Keywords: racism; racial democracy; Brazil; black movement

Factores que inciden en el consumo de pescado en la población estudiada pertenecientes a la Universidad Javeriana en primer semestre de 2011

Nutricionista DietistaPregrad

Collaborative learning: Conceptions of tutors and students in virtual learning environments in Technology in Regency of Pharmacy of the Industrial University of Santander

El programa en Tecnología en Regencia de Farmacia incentiva la investigación en el aula a través de un micro-proyecto basado en aprendizaje colaborativo, para promover la formación integral de los estudiantes, haciendo necesario conocer si tanto tutores como estudiantes saben qué es el aprendizaje colaborativo, si usan este enfoque para el desarrollo de competencias investigativas, y si los resultados del proceso son los esperados por ambos. La investigación tuvo como propósito determinar las relaciones existentes entre las concepciones de los tutores y estudiantes de la Tecnología en Regencia de Farmacia en diversos niveles de formación, en relación con el aprendizaje colaborativo para la investigación en el aula en ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje. El tipo de investigación fue descriptivo-explicativo, mediante un enfoque cualitativo. Se establecieron relaciones entre las concepciones de tutores y estudiantes; se implementaron actividades basadas en el trabajo colaborativo, y se evaluaron las estrategias desarrolladas por el nodo coordinador del programa, a través de un cuestionario online y de una entrevista semiestructurada. Como principales resultados, se describieron concepciones relacionadas con la interdependencia positiva, interactividad, comunicación y negociación. Al mismo tiempo, se identificó que la responsabilidad del aprendizaje tiende más hacia el enfoque cooperativo, donde el tutor es que quién estructura el trabajo y el trabajo final corresponde a la suma de las tareas individuales que realizan los estudiantes. En conclusión, tanto estudiantes como tutores consideran que el micro-proyecto permite el desarrollo de competencias investigativas, que la guía de aprendizaje en general es clara y explicativa, que la plataforma es amigable y flexible, y que es necesario la articulación entre tutores y estudiantes para fortalecer los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.1. Descripción del problema de investigación 1 1.1 Antecedentes 1 1.2 Problema de investigación 4 1.3 Limitaciones y delimitaciones 5 1.4 Objetivos de la investigación 6 1.4.1 Objetivo general 6 1.4.2 Objetivos específicos 6 1.5 Justificación 7 1.6 Supuestos cualitativos 8 1.7 Supuestos alternos 9 2. Marco de Referencia 10 2.1 Marco contextual 10 2.2 Antecedentes de la investigación 13 2.2.1 Antecedentes a nivel internacional 13 2.2.2 Antecedentes a nivel nacional 15 2.2.3 Antecedentes a nivel regional 16 2.3 Marco teórico 17 2.3.1 Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en educación 17 2.3.2 Ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje (AVA) 18 2.3.3 Educación a distancia y virtual 19 2.3.4 Aprendizaje autorregulado en la educación a distancia y virtual 22 2.3.5 Aprendizaje colaborativo en adultos 23 2.3.6 Aprendizaje colaborativo 24 2.3.7 Constructivismo social y teoría cognitiva 25 2.3.8 Aprendizaje colaborativo vs aprendizaje cooperativo 25 2.3.9 Investigación en el aula y competencias investigativas 27 2.4 Marco conceptual 29 2.5 Marco legal 30 3. Metodología 32 3.1 Método y enfoque de la investigación 32 3.2 Población y muestra 33 3.3 Instrumentos de recolección de datos 34 3.3.1 Validación de los instrumentos 38 3.3.2 Prueba piloto 40 3.4 Aplicación de los instrumentos 41 3.5 Definición de las metodologías usadas para el micro-proyecto de investigación 41 3.6 Aspectos éticos 42 3.6.1 Principios éticos 42 3.6.2 Tratamiento de datos personales 43 3.6.3 Normatividad nacional e internacional relacionada con los aspectos éticos 43 3.6.4 Sobre el riesgo del proyecto para los participantes 44 3.6.5 Sobre el riesgo del proyecto para los investigadores y equipo de investigación 45 3.6.6 Permisos y Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual (PI) 45 3.6.7 Consentimiento informado 45 4. Análisis y Resultados 46 4.1. Análisis de datos 46 4.2. Análisis y resultados de los objetivos específicos No. 1 y 2 46 4.2.1. Búsqueda de información y la elaboración de la batería de preguntas de la entrevista 47 4.2.2 Confiabilidad y validez de la batería de preguntas de la entrevista 47 4.2.3. Análisis de la información obtenida 50 4.3. Análisis y resultados del Objetivo específico No. 3 63 4.3.1. Charla inicial de socialización sobre el micro-proyecto de investigación basado en trabajo colaborativo 63 4.3.2. Foros de participación 64 4.3.3. Reto colaborativo 65 4.3.4. Seguimiento y retroalimentación 66 4.4. Análisis y resultados del objetivo específico No. 4 68 4.4.1. Búsqueda de información y elaboración de la batería de preguntas del cuestionario online 68 4.4.2. Confiabilidad y validez del cuestionario 68 4.4.3. Resultados de la prueba piloto 70 4.4.4. Análisis de la información obtenida 71 4.5. Triangulación 95 5. Conclusiones y recomendaciones 100 5.1 Conclusiones 100 5.2. Recomendaciones 103 Referencias bibliográficas 104 Anexos 117MaestríaThe program in Technology in Pharmacy Regency encourages research in the classroom through a micro-project based on collaborative learning, to promote the integral training of students, making it necessary to know if both tutors and students know what collaborative learning is, if they use this approach for the development of research skills, and if the results of the process are as expected by both. The purpose of the research was to determine the relationships between the conceptions of tutors and students of Pharmacy Technology in different levels of training, in relation to collaborative learning for classroom research in virtual learning environments. The type of research was descriptive - explanatory, using a qualitative approach. Relations were established between the conceptions of tutors and students; activities based on collaborative work were implemented, and the strategies developed by the coordinating node of the program were evaluated, through an online questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. As main results, conceptions related to positive interdependence, interactivity, communication and negotiation were described. At the same time, it was identified that the responsibility of learning tends more towards the cooperative approach, where the tutor is that who structures the work and the final work corresponds to the sum of the individual tasks performed by the students. In conclusion, both students and tutors believe that the micro-project allows the development of research skills, that the learning guide in general is clear and explanatory, that the platform is friendly and flexible, and that articulation between tutors and students is necessary to strengthen the teaching and learning processes.Modalidad Presencia

Sem Lugar: A experiência de remoção de mulheres faveladas

O presente artigo visa apresentar vozes de mulheres residentes no Aglomerado Santa Lúcia (BH-MG) que estão vivenciando o processo de remoção de suas casas devido à intervenção de reurbanização de vilas e favelas denominada Programa Vila Viva. Buscar formas de visibilizar essas experiências invisibilizadas, excluídas e subalternizadas, mostra-se relevante tendo em vista as relações e tensões existentes dentro do feminismo e na dicotômica cidade x favela, que colocam essas mulheres sistematicamente na posição de “outras”. Discutiremos por meio destas vozes a apropriação e a representação do espaço vivenciado por elas na favela, as relações de gênero no espaço público da comunidade em meio a discussões sobre as obras, além das violências nomeadas por essas mulheres durante esse doloroso processo. Pretende-se problematizar os efeitos da exclusão das teorizações de gênero no pensamento e nas práticas urbanísticas, responsáveis por produzirem atravessamentos de poder, subalternização e exclusão na experiência das mulheres faveladas

Modeling larval connectivity of coral reef organisms in the Kenya-Tanzania region

Most coral reef organisms have a bipartite life-cycle; they are site attached to reefs as adults but have pelagic larval stages that allow them to disperse to other reefs. Connectivity among coral reef patches is critical to the survival of local populations of reef organisms, and requires movement across gaps that are not suitable habitat for recruitment. Knowledge of population connectivity among individual reef habitats within a broader geographic region of coral reefs has been identified as key to developing efficient spatial management strategies to protect marine ecosystems. The study of larval connectivity of marine organisms is a complex multidisciplinary challenge that is difficult to address by direct observation alone. An approach that couples ocean circulation models with individual based models (IBMs) of larvae with different degrees of life-history complexity has been previously used to assess connectivity patterns in several coral reef regions (e.g., the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and the Caribbean). We applied the IBM particle tracking approach to the Kenya-Tanzania region, which exhibits strong seasonality in the alongshore currents due to the influence of the monsoon. A 3-dimensional (3D) ocean circulation model with 2 km horizontal resolution was coupled to IBMs that track virtual larvae released from each of 661 reef habitats, associated with 15 distinct regions. Given that reefs provide homes to numerous species, each with distinctive, and in aggregate very diverse life-histories, several life-history scenarios were modeled to examine the variety of dispersal and connectivity patterns possible. We characterize virtual larvae of Acropora corals and Acanthurus surgeonfish, two coral reef inhabitants with greatly differing pelagic life-histories, to examine the effects of short (50 days) pelagic larval durations (PLD), differences in swimming abilities (implemented as reef perception distances), and active depth keeping in reef connectivity. Acropora virtual larvae were modeled as 3D passive particles with a precompetency period of 4 days, a total PLD of 12 days and a perception distance of 10 m. Acanthurus virtual larvae were characterized by 50 days precompetency period, a total PLD of 72 days and a perception distance of 4 km. Acanthurus virtual larvae were modeled in two ways — as 3D passive particles and including an idealized ontogenetic vertical migration behavior. A range of distances within which larvae were able to perceive reefs and directionally swim to settle on them during the competency period were evaluated. The influence of interannual environmental variations was assessed for two years (2000, 2005) of contrasting physics. The spatial scale of connectivity is much smaller for the short PLD coral, with successful connections restricted to a 1° radius (~100 km) around source reefs. In contrast, long distance connections from the southern to the northernmost reefs (~950 km) are common for virtual Acanthurids. Successful settlement for virtual Acropora larvae was 20% overall, with cross-region recruitment much increased compared to the coral larvae. Approximately 8% of Acropora larvae that successfully settled, recruited to their source reef (self-recruitment), an important proportion compared to only 1-2 % self-recruitment for Acanthurus. These rates and dispersal distances are similar to previous modelling studies of similar species in other coral reef regions and agree well with the few observational studies within the Kenya-Tanzania region

Um Estudo Sobre Intervenções Junto a Homens Autores de Violência Doméstica Contra Mulheres

Este artigo é o resultado da pesquisa realizada nos serviços de intervenção junto a homens autores de violência doméstica contra mulheres (HAV) no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O objetivo foi investigar as bases teórico-metodológicas das políticas de intervenção junto a HAV. Em cada uma das quatro organizações identificadas, foram realizadas duas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores institucionais e profissionais facilitadores dos grupos, sendo um total de oito entrevistas realizadas. A análise das concepções e sentidos atribuídos pelos entrevistados, refletidos em suas linhas teórico-explicativas e metodologias, revelou diferentes vieses teórico-argumentativos que operam desde distintos pressupostos da ciência para a interpretação do fenômeno da violência contra as mulheres, diferentes concepções sobre HAV e de enfoques empregados para superá-lo. As reflexões propostas atualizam importantes debates acerca desses pressupostos, contribuindo para a discussão sobre o aprimoramento desses trabalhos, para a capacidade de mudança dos homens e para o desenvolvimento paradigmático alternativo à ciência tradicional.Este artigo é o resultado da pesquisa realizada nos serviços de intervenção junto a homens autores de violência doméstica contra mulheres (HAV) no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O objetivo foi investigar as bases teórico-metodológicas das políticas de intervenção junto a HAV. Em cada uma das quatro organizações identificadas, foram realizadas duas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os gestores institucionais e profissionais facilitadores dos grupos, sendo um total de oito entrevistas realizadas. A análise das concepções e sentidos atribuídos pelos entrevistados, refletidos em suas linhas teórico-explicativas e metodologias, revelou diferentes vieses teórico-argumentativos que operam desde distintos pressupostos da ciência para a interpretação do fenômeno da violência contra as mulheres, diferentes concepções sobre HAV e de enfoques empregados para superá-lo. As reflexões propostas atualizam importantes debates acerca desses pressupostos, contribuindo para a discussão sobre o aprimoramento desses trabalhos, para a capacidade de mudança dos homens e para o desenvolvimento paradigmático alternativo à ciência tradicional