El reencuentro con la naturaleza: voces femeninas en el tiempo

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de diferentes áreas del conocimiento la filosofía social, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente mediante la sustentabilidad que incide en diversas unidades de aprendizaje en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestria en Sociología de la SaludEl relato de las voces femeninas que se escuchan en el tiempo, narran las luchas por defender un ideal, con frecuencia en la organización de las mujeres que pugnan por estabilizar el equilibrio de la naturaleza, por medio de tácticas educativas que van recorriendo el bachillerato, la normal y la universidad

Large scale integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the future Colombian energy system

The diversification of the energy matrix, including larger shares of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), is a significant part of the Colombian energy strategy towards a sustainable and more secure energy system. Historically, the country has relied on the intensive use of hydropower and fossil fuels as the main energy sources. Colombia has a huge renewables potential, and therefore the exploration of different pathways for their integration is required. The aim of this study was to build a model for a country with a hydro-dominated electric power system and analyse the impacts of integrated variable RES in long-term future scenarios. EnergyPLAN was the modelling tool employed for simulating the reference year and future alternatives. Initially, the reference model was validated, and successively five different scenarios were built. The results show that an increase in the shares of wind, solar and bioenergy could achieve an approximate reduction of 20% in both the CO2 emissions and the total fuel consumption of the country by 2030. Further, in the electricity sector the best-case scenario could allow an estimated 60% reduction in its emission intensity

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Geologia y estratigrafia del pozo profundo San Lorenzo Tezonco y de sus alrededores, sur de la Cuenca de Mexico

La estratigrafía del pozo profundo San Lorenzo Tezonco registra una intensa actividad volcánica en la Cuenca de México y alrededores durante los últimos 20.1 Ma. La columna litológica de 2008 metros de profundidad está dominada por material volcánico, ya sea como flujos de lava o depósitos piroclásticos (97 %) y solamente los 70 metros más superficiales están constituidos por depósitos lacustres (3 %). Con base en descripciones de campo y análisis de laboratorio (petrografía, geoquímica de roca total y fechamientos radiométricos), fue posible reconocer cuatro paquetes litológicos a lo largo del pozo, los cuales fueron correlacionados con rocas expuestas en superficie. La parte inferior del pozo está representada por rocas pertenecientes a la Formación Tepoztlán (876 – 2008 m de profundidad) que varían en composición de andesita basáltica a riolita y con edades de 13 a 20.1 Ma. En superficie esta formación aflora alrededor de los poblados de Malinalco y Tepoztlán. Entre las profundidades de 581 y 875 m, se encuentran rocas interpretadas como parte de la Sierra de las Cruces, con una composición de andesita a dacita y edades entre 0.9 y 5 Ma. Hacia la parte superior del pozo (510 – 580 m) aparecen rocas volcánicas interpretadas como parte del Cerro de la Estrella, de composición andesítica y fechadas en 0.25 Ma. El último paquete de material volcánico encontrado en el pozo fue interpretado como parte de la Sierra Santa Catarina (70 – 120 m) de composición andesítico-basáltica, con edades inferiores a 0.25 Ma, probablemente del Holoceno. Los depósitos lacustres coronan la columna estratigráfica, con edades de hasta 34 mil años. Adicionalmente, se concluye que las rocas pertenecientes a la Formación Xochitepec, que aflora alrededor de Xochimilco, en la ciudad de México, son de 1.23 a 1.66 Ma de edad, y no del Oligoceno como se había propuesto en trabajos previos. Estas nuevas edades junto con la composición química permiten correlacionar a rocas de Xochitepec con la Sierra de las Cruces.The underground stratigraphy of the San Lorenzo Tezonco deep well records intense volcanic activity in the Mexico Basin and surrounding areas during the past 20.1 Ma. The lithological column of the 2008 m deep well is dominated by volcanic material, either as lava flows or pyroclastic deposits (97 %), and only the uppermost 70 m are composed of lacustrine deposits (3 %). Based on field descriptions and laboratory analyses (petrography, whole-rock chemistry, and radiometric dating), it was possible to recognize four lithological packages throughout the well, which were then correlated with exposed rocks. The lower part of the drill core is represented by rocks belonging to the Tepoztlán Formation (876 – 2008 m depth) that vary in composition from basaltic-andesite to rhyolite, with ages ranging from 13 to 20.1 Ma. On the surface this formation outcrops around the towns of Malinalco and Tepoztlán. Between depths of 581 and 875 m, rocks interpreted as being part of the Sierra de las Cruces that vary in composition from andesite to dacite and in age from 0.9 to 5 Ma. Upward in the drill core (510 – 580 m) are andesitic rocks of Cerro de la Estrella volcano, dated at 0.25 Ma. The last volcanic package found in the well is represented by Santa Catarina basaltic-andesitic rocks (70 – 120 m) that are younger than 0.25 Ma, and probably Holocene. Lacustrine deposits crown the stratigraphic column of the drill core with ages probably younger than 34 ka. Additionally, we conclude that the rocks belonging to the Xochitepec Formation, outcropping around Xochimilco, in Mexico City, have an age of 1.23 to 1.66 Ma, in contrast with the Oligocene age proposed in previous works for these rocks. These new ages plus the chemical composition data allow us to correlate the Xochitepec rocks with those from Sierra de las Cruces.http://boletinsgm.igeolcu.unam.mx/bsgmam2016Geolog

Libro de Proyectos Finales 2021 primer semestre

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Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele