Dampak Diskriminasi Ras Terhadap Tokoh Utama Dalam Cerpen Rihlah Ghurbah Karya ‘Awad Al-Nawasreh; Analisis Sosiologi Sastra

This study aims to describe the impact of racial discrimination on the main character in the short story "Rihlah Gharibah" by 'Awad Al-Nawasreh. Awad Al-Nawasreh managed to present an interesting and relevant story to the social conditions of the black community which has become a hot topic in recent times. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the main document object of the short story "Rihlah Gharibah". Important data and information collected and studied in this study are in the form of words, phrases and sentences that contain elements of the impact of racial discrimination contained in short stories. The data collection techniques are reading, recording, and analyzing documents with a sociology of literature approach as a framework of thinking. The results obtained from this study have been racial discrimination in this short story and have an impact on the main character in the short story. The impact on the main character is in the form of inferiority, social isolation and depressionPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan dampak diskriminasi ras tehadap tokoh utama dalam cerpen Rihlah Ghurbah karya ‘Awad Al-Nawasreh. Awad Al-Nawasreh berhasil menyuguhkan cerita yang menarik dan relevan terhadap kondisi sosial masyarakat berkulit hitam yang menjadi topik hangat beberapa waktu belakangan ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan objek dokumen utama cerpen Rihlah Ghurbah. Data dan informasi penting yang dikumpulkan dan dikaji dalam penelitian ini berupa kata, frase dan kalimat yang memuat unsur-unsur dampak diskriminasi ras yang terdapat dalam cerpen. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data adalah adalah dengan pembacaan, pencatatan, serta analisis dokumen dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra sebagai kerangka berfikir. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini telah terjadi dikriminasi ras dalam cerpen ini dan berdampak terhadap tokoh utama dalam cerpen. Adapun dampaknya terhadap tokoh utama berupa inferioritas, isolasi masyarakat dan depresi. yarakat dan depresi

MyMukim2Cloud collaborative system: A mosque collaborative network for enhancing and serving the society needs in Malaysia

This conceptual paper seeks to put forth a novel vision, namely the combined deployment of the Quadruple Helix Model (QHM) collaboration mooted by Agensi Inovasi Malaysia, a Whole-of-Government (WoG) concept of ICT implementation across the Malaysian government agencies mooted by Malaysia Administrative and Modernization Planning Unit (MAMPU) and the Network of Mosques (NoM). This will be accomplished through leveraging the advances in cloud computing and mobile applications that could be used to set up what is proposed to be called the Collaborative MyMukim2Cloud System. The QHM actors, namely the Government, Academia, Industry and Citizen need to collaborate and share resources in nurturing and addressing the needs of less privileged and less fortunate people holistically, rather than the current practice which is executed in silos, isolation or independently. This proposed collaborative inter-organizational system is to enable a WoG and consolidated approach for government agencies, NGOs, the private sector and individuals in building up a single and trusted national database based on three (3) focus groups of people proposed in this paper, namely the Orphanage, the Poor and the Disabled. This database, proposed to be co-owned and managed by government agencies such as Department of Social Welfare (DSW) and Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), can be used and updated by all other authorized and relevant organizations and individuals in making a consolidated contribution in nurturing and developing these groups. Thus, this System shall eliminate unnecessary and duplication in data, efforts and investments made by the various organizations. The expected outcome of MyMukim2Cloud System will be an enhanced quality of life for the proposed focus groups through the execution of social entrepreneurship concept in healthcare, education and financial activities provided by the QHM collaborators

Socio-demographic determinants of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in migrant workers of Peninsular Malaysia

Background The number of migrants working in Malaysia has increased sharply since the 1970’s and there is concern that infectious diseases endemic in other (e.g. neighbouring) countries may be inadvertently imported. Compulsory medical screening prior to entering the workforce does not include parasitic infections such as toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among migrant workers in Peninsular Malaysia by means of serosurveys conducted on a voluntary basis among low-skilled and semi-skilled workers from five working sectors, namely, manufacturing, food service, agriculture and plantation, construction and domestic work. Methods A total of 484 migrant workers originating from rural locations in neighbouring countries, namely, Indonesia (n = 247, 51.0%), Nepal (n = 99, 20.5%), Bangladesh (n = 72, 14.9%), India (n = 52, 10.7%) and Myanmar (n = 14, 2.9%) were included in this study. Results The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 57.4% (n = 278; 95% CI: 52.7–61.8%) with 52.9% (n = 256; 95% CI: 48.4–57.2%) seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG only, 0.8% (n = 4; 95% CI: 0.2–1.7%) seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM only and 3.7% (n = 18; 95% CI: 2.1–5.4%) seropositive with both IgG and IgM antibodies. All positive samples with both IgG and IgM antibodies showed high avidity (> 40%), suggesting latent infection. Age (being older than 45 years), Nepalese nationality, manufacturing occupation, and being a newcomer in Malaysia (excepting domestic work) were positively and statistically significantly associated with seroprevalence (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that better promotion of knowledge about parasite transmission is required for both migrant workers and permanent residents in Malaysia. Efforts should be made to encourage improved personal hygiene before consumption of food and fluids, thorough cooking of meat and better disposal of feline excreta from domestic pets

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Determinants of glucose control among elderly diabetics in Kulim.

Globally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the average life expectancy is on the rise. As diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with old age, it is very important to ensure good glucose control to reduce complications and improve quality of life. A cross sectional study was conducted among elderly diabetics in Kulim with the aim to determine the prevalence of glucose control and its associated factors. Three hundred and twenty nine respondents were chosen through stratified random sampling in all the seven health clinics in Kulim. Respondents were interviewed personally using a structured questionnaire. HbA1c level of 6.5% and below was considered as good glucose control. Prevalence of good glucose control was 22.5%. Being male (Adjusted prevalence odds ratio, APOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.02-3.00), age of 70 years and above (APOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.40-4.39) and duration of diabetes less than five years (APOR = 2.10, 95% CI:1.21-3.64 ) were found to have significant association with good glucose control. As a conclusion, this study showed that the low prevalence of good glucose control was determined by gender, age and duration of illness

Penjagaan pesakit strok: adakah ia satu bebanan? apa yang penjaga persepsikan?

Background : This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the caregiving burden among women who are caregivers to elderly with stroke and factors influencing it. Respondents identified through purposive sampling at the Universiti Malaya Medical Centre from October to December 2007. Methods : Direct methods of data collection (clinical and housing) and indirect (postal) used a structured questionnaire distributed to the guards. Measurements taken include sociodemographic variables of patients and caregivers, the patient, the care, relationships with caregivers and patients with information about stroke. Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) short version was used to measure the burden of care. Carers' Assessment of Managing Index (Cami) was used to assess coping strategies. A total of 96 respondents took part in this study. Result : The study showed that prevalence of caregiving burden was 35.4%. Burden of care was found to have significant relationships with factors such as marital status, caregivers (p = 0.017), family income (p = 0040) and the patients (p = 0.000). Significant correlation obtained for the coping strategies with the burden (r =- 0228, p 0026). Conclusion : The conclusion shows that policy makers and program managers should appreciate and assist caregivers in performing the role of care. Intervention programs should be designed to suit the needs of the heterogeneous guardian

Family planning practice and its associated factors among women in Hulu Langat district, Selangor

Background : Family planning is a method to control family size and to increase the intervals between chidbirths using multiple methods of contraceptives. Objectives : This study aims to determine the pravelance of family planning practice among married women (wife less than 55 years old) and its related factors and also to determine the husbands knowledge on family planning and their support. Methodology : This is a cross sectional study done through direct interviews amongst 118 married couples in Kampung Sesapan Batu Mingkabau, Hulu Langat Selangor. Results : On family planning practise, 43.2% of couples is currently practising, 22.0% have practiced but stopped and 34.8% have never used any types of family planning methods. As high as 75% of wives received support from their husband to pratice family planning. There is a significant association between family planning practice and wife’s age, husband’s age, wife’s occupation, wife’s education, wife’s knowledge and husband’s support. Husband’s knowledge , number of live children and husband’s education have no significant assocation in influencing family planning practice. Conclusion : To achieve better knowledge and family planning practises, husband’s involvement and support must be encouraged to ensure the correct informations and support are delivered to both couples. Approach through husbands is regarded as one of the key factors to the success of rural women family planning practice

Stress among diabetic mellitus patients with complication at Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Introduction : Studies on stress among diabetic patients with complications are not much conducted locally. In this study the researchers would like to find out the magnitude of the problem among the Malaysian. Methodology : A cross- sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of stress and its associated factors among the diabetes mellitus patients with complications at Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The translated Personal Stress Inventory questionairse was used to measure the stress among the respondents. Finding : The prevalence of stress was 36.8%. The study showed that the employment status of respondents has significant association with stress in which higher numbers of unemployed respondents were stressed as compared to the employed respondents. Other sociodemographic factors, namely duration of having diabetes mellitus and type of complications developed by the patients were not significant. Conclusion : Once the poor and unemployed patients were diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus either with or without complication, the health staffs should refer them immediately to the relevant agencies for help. By doing so, these patients could be prevented from having stress later. Outreach programmes in the community should be carried out regularly for an early detection and treatment of chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus to prevent patients from developing any complication