1,374 research outputs found
Scene Coordinate Regression with Angle-Based Reprojection Loss for Camera Relocalization
Image-based camera relocalization is an important problem in computer vision
and robotics. Recent works utilize convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to
regress for pixels in a query image their corresponding 3D world coordinates in
the scene. The final pose is then solved via a RANSAC-based optimization scheme
using the predicted coordinates. Usually, the CNN is trained with ground truth
scene coordinates, but it has also been shown that the network can discover 3D
scene geometry automatically by minimizing single-view reprojection loss.
However, due to the deficiencies of the reprojection loss, the network needs to
be carefully initialized. In this paper, we present a new angle-based
reprojection loss, which resolves the issues of the original reprojection loss.
With this new loss function, the network can be trained without careful
initialization, and the system achieves more accurate results. The new loss
also enables us to utilize available multi-view constraints, which further
improve performance.Comment: ECCV 2018 Workshop (Geometry Meets Deep Learning
Estimation of Regularization Parameters in Multiple-Image Deblurring
We consider the estimation of the regularization parameter for the
simultaneous deblurring of multiple noisy images via Tikhonov regularization.
We approach the problem in three ways. We first reduce the problem to a
single-image deblurring for which the regularization parameter can be estimated
through a classic generalized cross-validation (GCV) method. A modification of
this function is used for correcting the undersmoothing typical of the original
technique. With a second method, we minimize an average least-squares fit to
the images and define a new GCV function. In the last approach, we use the
classical on a single higher-dimensional image obtained by concatanating
all the images into a single vector. With a reliable estimator of the
regularization parameter, one can fully exploit the excellent computational
characteristics typical of direct deblurring methods, which, especially for
large images, makes them competitive with the more flexible but much slower
iterative algorithms. The performance of the techniques is analyzed through
numerical experiments. We find that under the independent homoscedastic and
Gaussian assumptions made on the noise, the three approaches provide almost
identical results with the first single image providing the practical advantage
that no new software is required and the same image can be used with other
deblurring algorithms.Comment: To appear in Astronomy & Astrophysic
The Double Cover of the Icosahedral Symmetry Group and Quark Mass Textures
We investigate the idea that the double cover of the rotational icosahedral
symmetry group is the family symmetry group in the quark sector. The
icosahedral (A5) group was previously proposed as a viable family symmetry
group for the leptons. To incorporate the quarks, it is highly advantageous to
extend the group to its double cover, as in the case of tetrahedral (A4)
symmetry. We provide the basic group theoretical tools for flavor
model-building based on the binary icosahedral group I' and construct a model
of the quark masses and mixings that yields many of the successful predictions
of the well-known U(2) quark texture models.Comment: 10 pages, references added, typos in up quark mass matrix correcte
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Incompressible SPH method based on Rankine source solution for violent water wave simulation
With wide applications, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (abbreviated as SPH) has become an important numerical tool for solving complex flows, in particular those with a rapidly moving free surface. For such problems, the incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) has been shown to yield better and more stable pressure time histories than the traditional SPH by many papers in literature. However, the existing ISPH method directly approximates the second order derivatives of the functions to be solved by using the Poisson equation. The order of accuracy of the method becomes low, especially when particles are distributed in a disorderly manner, which generally happens for modelling violent water waves. This paper introduces a new formulation using the Rankine source solution. In the new approach to the ISPH, the Poisson equation is first transformed into another form that does not include any derivative of the functions to be solved, and as a result, does not need to numerically approximate derivatives. The advantage of the new approach without need of numerical approximation of derivatives is obvious, potentially leading to a more robust numerical method. The newly formulated method is tested by simulating various water waves, and its convergent behaviours are numerically studied in this paper. Its results are compared with experimental data in some cases and reasonably good agreement is achieved. More importantly, numerical results clearly show that the newly developed method does need less number of particles and so less computational costs to achieve the similar level of accuracy, or to produce more accurate results with the same number of particles compared with the traditional SPH and existing ISPH when it is applied to modelling water waves
Propylene Carbonate Reexamined: Mode-Coupling Scaling without Factorisation ?
The dynamic susceptibility of propylene carbonate in the moderately viscous
regime above is reinvestigated by incoherent neutron and
depolarised light scattering, and compared to dielectric loss and solvation
response. Depending on the strength of relaxation, a more or less
extended scaling regime is found. Mode-coupling fits yield consistently
and K, although different positions of the
susceptibility minimum indicate that not all observables have reached the
universal asymptotics
The Golden Ratio Prediction for the Solar Angle from a Natural Model with A5 Flavour Symmetry
We formulate a consistent model predicting, in the leading order
approximation, maximal atmospheric mixing angle, vanishing reactor angle and
tan {\theta}_12 = 1/{\phi} where {\phi} is the Golden Ratio. The model is based
on the flavour symmetry A5 \times Z5 \times Z3, spontaneously broken by a set
of flavon fields. By minimizing the scalar potential of the theory up to the
next-to-leading order in the symmetry breaking parameter, we demonstrate that
this mixing pattern is naturally achieved in a finite portion of the parameter
space, through the vacuum alignment of the flavon fields. The leading order
approximation is stable against higher-order corrections. We also compare our
construction to other models based on discrete symmetry groups.Comment: 28 pages, 2 figures. Minor changes, references added. Corrected typos
in Appendix A. Version appeared on JHE
Seatbelt use and risk of major injuries sustained by vehicle occupants during motor-vehicle crashes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
BackgroundIn 2004, a World Health Report on road safety called for enforcement of measures such as seatbelt use, effective at minimizing morbidity and mortality caused by road traffic accidents. However, injuries caused by seatbelt use have also been described. Over a decade after publication of the World Health Report on road safety, this study sought to investigate the relationship between seatbelt use and major injuries in belted compared to unbelted passengers.MethodsCohort studies published in English language from 2005 to 2018 were retrieved from seven databases. Critical appraisal of studies was carried out using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist. Pooled risk of major injuries was assessed using the random effects meta-analytic model. Heterogeneity was quantified using I-squared and Tau-squared statistics. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to investigate publication bias. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42015020309).ResultsEleven studies, all carried out in developed countries were included. Overall, the risk of any major injury was significantly lower in belted passengers compared to unbelted passengers (RR 0.47; 95%CI, 0.29 to 0.80; I-2=99.7; P=0.000). When analysed by crash types, belt use significantly reduced the risk of any injury (RR 0.35; 95%CI, 0.24 to 0.52). Seatbelt use reduces the risk of facial injuries (RR=0.56, 95% CI=0.37 to 0.84), abdominal injuries (RR=0.87; 95% CI=0.78 to 0.98) and, spinal injuries (RR=0.56, 95% CI=0.37 to 0.84). However, we found no statistically significant difference in risk of head injuries (RR=0.49; 95% CI=0.22 to 1.08), neck injuries (RR=0.69: 95%CI 0.07 to 6.44), thoracic injuries (RR 0.96, 95%CI, 0.74 to 1.24), upper limb injuries (RR=1.05, 95%CI 0.83 to 1.34) and lower limb injuries (RR=0.77, 95%CI 0.58 to 1.04) between belted and non-belted passengers.ConclusionIn sum, the risk of most major road traffic injuries is lower in seatbelt users. Findings were inconclusive regarding seatbelt use and susceptibility to thoracic, head and neck injuries during road traffic accidents. Awareness should be raised about the dangers of inadequate seatbelt use. Future research should aim to assess the effects of seatbelt use on major injuries by crash type
Test of mode coupling theory for a supercooled liquid of diatomic molecules.I. Translational degrees of freedom
A molecular dynamics simulation is performed for a supercooled liquid of
rigid diatomic molecules. The time-dependent self and collective density
correlators of the molecular centers of mass are determined and compared with
the predictions of the ideal mode coupling theory (MCT) for simple liquids.
This is done in real as well as in momentum space. One of the main results is
the existence of a unique transition temperature T_c, where the dynamics
crosses over from an ergodic to a quasi-nonergodic behavior. The value for T_c
agrees with that found earlier for the orientational dynamics within the error
bars. In the beta- regime of MCT the factorization of space- and time
dependence is satisfactorily fulfilled for both types of correlations. The
first scaling law of ideal MCT holds in the von Schweidler regime, only, since
the validity of the critical law can not be confirmed, due to a strong
interference with the microscopic dynamics. In this first scaling regime a
consistent description within ideal MCT emerges only, if the next order
correction to the asymptotic law is taken into account. This correction is
almost negligible for q=q_max, the position of the main peak in the static
structure factor S(q), but becomes important for q=q_min, the position of its
first minimum. The second scaling law, i.e. the time-temperature superposition
principle, holds reasonably well for the self and collective density
correlators and different values for q. The alpha-relaxation times tau_q^(s)
and tau_q follow a power law in T-T_c over 2 -- 3 decades. The corresponding
exponent gamma is weakly q-dependent and is around 2.55. This value is in
agreement with the one predicted by MCT from the value of the von Schweidler
exponent but at variance with the corresponding exponent gammaComment: 14 pages of RevTex, 19 figure
Dynamics of the rotational degrees of freedom in a supercooled liquid of diatomic molecules
Using molecular dynamics computer simulations, we investigate the dynamics of
the rotational degrees of freedom in a supercooled system composed of rigid,
diatomic molecules. The interaction between the molecules is given by the sum
of interaction-site potentials of the Lennard-Jones type. In agreement with
mode-coupling theory (MCT), we find that the relaxation times of the
orientational time correlation functions C_1^(s), C_2^(s) and C_1 show at low
temperatures a power-law with the same critical temperature T_c, and which is
also identical to the critical temperature for the translational degrees of
freedom. In contrast to MCT we find, however, that for these correlators the
time-temperature superposition principle does not hold well and that also the
critical exponent gamma depends on the correlator. We also study the
temperature dependence of the rotational diffusion constant D_r and demonstrate
that at high temperatures D_r is proportional to the translational diffusion
constant D and that when the system starts to become supercooled the former
shows an Arrhenius behavior whereas the latter exhibits a power-law dependence.
We discuss the origin for the difference in the temperature dependence of D (or
the relaxation times of C_l^(s) and D_r. Finally we present results which show
that at low temperatures 180 degree flips of the molecule are an important
component of the relaxation dynamics for the orientational degrees of freedom.Comment: 17 pages of RevTex, 12 figure
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