Model of the propagation of very low-frequency beams in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide: principles of the tensor impedance method in multi-layered gyrotropic waveguides

The modeling of very low-frequency (VLF) electromagnetic (EM) beam propagation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide (WGEI) is considered. A new tensor impedance method for modeling the propagation of electromagnetic beams in a multi-layered and inhomogeneous waveguide is presented. The waveguide is assumed to possess the gyrotropy and inhomogeneity with a thick cover layer placed above the waveguide. The influence of geomagnetic field inclination and carrier beam frequency on the characteristics of the polarization transformation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide is determined. The new method for modeling the propagation of electromagnetic beams allows us to study the (i) propagation of the very low-frequency modes in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide and, in perspective, their excitation by the typical Earth–ionosphere waveguide sources, such as radio wave transmitters and lightning discharges, and (ii) leakage of Earth–ionosphere waveguide waves into the upper ionosphere and magnetosphere. The proposed approach can be applied to the variety of problems related to the analysis of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in layered gyrotropic and anisotropic active media in a wide frequency range, e.g., from the Earth–ionosphere waveguide to the optical waveband, for artificial signal propagation such as metamaterial microwave or optical waveguides

Мультипараметрическая МРТ и комбинированная биопсия предстательной железы: возможности, преимущества и недостатки

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has superb sensitivity in prostate cancer detection. mpMRI is increasingly used not only for primary diagnostics, but for location of suspicious lesion before biopsy in case of targeted biopsy (TB). In many recent studies have been shown higher level of TB accuracy in prostate cancer detection in comparison with traditional systemic biopsy. In recent EAU, NICE, ACR recommendations mpMRI is indicated for men with high level of prostate cancer suspicion with previous negative results of systemic biopsy. However, it is not absolutely clear, whether mpMRI is indicated for biopsy-naïve men. This study is dedicated for prostate biopsy planning in the groups of biopsy-naïve men and with the history of previous biopsy.Мультпараметрическая магнитно-резонансная томография (мпМРТ) показала высокую чувствительность в выявлении клинически значимого рака предстательной железы (кзРПЖ) и в настоящее время все шире используется не только для диагностики, но и для навигации при выполнении таргетной биопсии (ТБ). В многочисленных исследованиях, опубликованных за последние 5 лет, продемонстрирована более высокая чувствительность ТБ в сравнении с классической системной биопсией (СБ). На основании современных рекомендаций по диагностике и лечению РПЖ (EAU, NICE, AUA) мпМРТ показана пациентам с высоким риском РПЖ и отрицательными результатами предшествующей СБ. Наряду с этим преимущество мпМРТ и последующей ТБ у первичных пациентов остается не очевидным. Данная статья освещает возможности комбинированной биопсии ПЖ как у первичных пациентов с подозрением на кзРПЖ, так и при наличии в анамнезе ранее выполненных биопсий с отрицательными данными гистологического исследования

Regulation of immune cell function and differentiation by the NKG2D receptor

NKG2D is one of the most intensively studied immune receptors of the past decade. Its unique binding and signaling properties, expression pattern, and functions have been attracting much interest within the field due to its potent antiviral and anti-tumor properties. As an activating receptor, NKG2D is expressed on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. It recognizes stress-induced MHC class I-like ligands and acts as a molecular sensor for cells jeopardized by viral infections or DNA damage. Although the activating functions of NKG2D have been well documented, recent analysis of NKG2D-deficient mice suggests that this receptor may have a regulatory role during NK cell development. In this review, we will revisit known aspects of NKG2D functions and present new insights in the proposed influence of this molecule on hematopoietic differentiation

The political economy of international accounting standards

On 1 January 2005, all stock exchange listed companies in the European Union (EU) began using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) written by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This article argues that the IASB's introduction of fair value accounting reflects and reinforces changed relations of production in which the financial sector increasingly dominates the productive sector, nationally institutionalized economic systems are undermined, and new forms of economic appropriation are validated. As a private body, the IASB has been able to rapidly introduce the fair value paradigm with little public debate outside specialized financial circles. In contrast to more functionalist views, this article argues that accounting standards are inherently political. Accounting numbers provide some of the key economic anchors around which social relations are structured. Accounting techniques cannot be reduced to questions of efficiency since they set out to quantify and compare things which, by their very nature, are neither quantifiable nor directly comparable. © 2006 Taylor & Francis

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

Exploring the impact of 4IR on skills and personal qualities for future accountants: a proposed conceptual framework for university accounting education

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) presents many opportunities and challenges in a digitised world of work. This paper draws on a systematic literature review of recent research published by accounting professional bodies outlining the impact of digital technologies on the accounting profession. By taking advantage of this work this study critically assesses the types of skills and personal qualities that graduates as future accountants will need and explores the implications for accounting education and university curricula. The analysis reveals that necessary skills for future accountants may be summarised into four categories: a) Ethical skills; b) Digital skills; c) Business skills; and d) Soft skills. The analysis reveals ‘adaptability’ and ‘lifelong approach to CPD’ as the two essential personal qualities for future accountants. The practical implications for university accounting education are summarised in a proposed conceptual framework. The proposed conceptual framework: 1) acts as a roadmap for universities to align their accounting curricula with the developments in professional body syllabi; 2) helps university accounting education teachers to update, enrich, and refocus their teaching and learning approach to the requirements of the 4IR; and 3) promotes the coordination and rationalisation of the skills and personal qualities currently pursued by employability agendas at university, course, and module levels

Search for decays of neutral beauty mesons into four muons

A search for the non-resonant decays $B^0_s \rightarrow \mu^{+}\mu^{-}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ and $B^0 \rightarrow \mu^{+}\mu^{-}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ is presented. The measurement is performed using the full Run 1 data set collected in proton-proton collisions by the LHCb experiment at the LHC. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of $1$ and $2~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected at centre-of-mass energies of $7$ and $8~\mathrm{TeV}$, respectively. No signal is observed and upper limits on the branching fractions of the non-resonant decays at $95\%$ confidence level are determined to be \mathcal{B}(B^0_s \rightarrow \mu^{+}\mu^{-}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}) & < 2.5 \times 10^{-9} \mathcal{B}(B^0 \rightarrow \mu^{+}\mu^{-}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}) & < 6.9 \times 10^{-10}.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-043.htm