Long-term results in patients with T2-3 N0 distal rectal cancer undergoing radiotherapy before transanal endoscopic microsurgery

BACKGROUND: Local excision after radiotherapy for node-negative low rectal cancer may be an alternative to radical excision. This study evaluated the results of local excision in patients with small (less than 3 cm in diameter) T2 and T3 distal rectal tumours following neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS: One hundred patients with rectal cancer (54 uT2 and 46 uT3 uN0 tumours) were enrolled. All patients underwent preoperative radiotherapy followed by local excision by means of transanal endoscopic microsurgery. RESULTS: Definitive histological examination revealed nine pT1, 54 pT2 and 19 pT3 tumours. A complete response (R0) or microscopic residual tumour (R1mic) was found in three and 15 patients respectively. Minor complications occurred in 11 patients and major complications in two. At a median follow-up of 55 (range 7-120) months, the local failure rate was 5 per cent and metastatic disease was found in two patients. The cancer-specific survival rate at 90 months' follow-up was 89 per cent, and the overall survival rate 72 per cent. Salvage abdominoperineal resection was performed in three patients, two of whom were disease free at 15 and 19 months. CONCLUSION: Treatment of small uT2 and uT3 uN0 rectal cancers with preoperative high-dose radiotherapy followed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery is an acceptable alternative to conventional radical resection

A prospective randomized study with a 5-year minimum follow-up evaluation of transanal endoscopic microsurgery versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision after neoadjuvant therapy

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Discovery of widespread transcription initiation at microsatellites predictable by sequence-based deep neural network

Using the Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) technology, the FANTOM5 consortium provided one of the most comprehensive maps of transcription start sites (TSSs) in several species. Strikingly, ~72% of them could not be assigned to a specific gene and initiate at unconventional regions, outside promoters or enhancers. Here, we probe these unassigned TSSs and show that, in all species studied, a significant fraction of CAGE peaks initiate at microsatellites, also called short tandem repeats (STRs). To confirm this transcription, we develop Cap Trap RNA-seq, a technology which combines cap trapping and long read MinION sequencing. We train sequence-based deep learning models able to predict CAGE signal at STRs with high accuracy. These models unveil the importance of STR surrounding sequences not only to distinguish STR classes, but also to predict the level of transcription initiation. Importantly, genetic variants linked to human diseases are preferentially found at STRs with high transcription initiation level, supporting the biological and clinical relevance of transcription initiation at STRs. Together, our results extend the repertoire of non-coding transcription associated with DNA tandem repeats and complexify STR polymorphism

Discovery of widespread transcription initiation at microsatellites predictable by sequence-based deep neural network

Using the Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) technology, the FANTOM5 consortium provided one of the most comprehensive maps of transcription start sites (TSSs) in several species. Strikingly, ~72% of them could not be assigned to a specific gene and initiate at unconventional regions, outside promoters or enhancers. Here, we probe these unassigned TSSs and show that, in all species studied, a significant fraction of CAGE peaks initiate at microsatellites, also called short tandem repeats (STRs). To confirm this transcription, we develop Cap Trap RNA-seq, a technology which combines cap trapping and long read MinION sequencing. We train sequence-based deep learning models able to predict CAGE signal at STRs with high accuracy. These models unveil the importance of STR surrounding sequences not only to distinguish STR classes, but also to predict the level of transcription initiation. Importantly, genetic variants linked to human diseases are preferentially found at STRs with high transcription initiation level, supporting the biological and clinical relevance of transcription initiation at STRs. Together, our results extend the repertoire of non-coding transcription associated with DNA tandem repeats and complexify STR polymorphism

MANAGING INTER-COMPANY RELATIONS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN AN HIGHLY ITALIAN TOURIST AREA

In this work we will pause, on the one hand to reflect upon company relations, especially to understand their importance from an evolutionary viewpoint. On the other hand, we will pause on the concept of social responsibility \u2013 both from the theoretical and empirical viewpoints \u2013 as well as on how this is translated into a process of social, ethical and environmental accounting and accountability . The research method is a combination of taking part in operational workshops organized by different enthities such as Chamber of commerce of Rimini, Children of the world, discussion with managers of different enterprises socially responsible at Rimini and questionnaires. Focus of research is to understand: - how is it possible to connect corporate social responsibility(CSR) and networks and why is it important, for CSR and networks , the attribute of highly tourist area? - that CSR at present means to operate by networks of for profit and not for profit organizations?. - How Italian government project CSR-SC contributes to disclose to social , ethical and environmental accountability ? Research is developing step, by step involving directly managers and consultants to let us understand and write directly the evolution of CSR and Accountability in enterprises and in the network of enterprises. Following the idea that small tourist enterprises may survive especially by creating network , in the following paper we\u2019ll analyse network literature. It is interesting to think in this way while considering the mixed aggregates of profit- and non profit-making businesses. The former are very often convinced of being able to do without the latter, but really they have always been there and have anticipated the present capitalistic era. Mixed-type aggregates of both businesses are created today, because, Alas!, they seem not to be able to do without one another, so what does profit have to do with all this? The term mixed indicates the intensity of relationships that intertwine both types of company and also for those relationships that there are between the profit-making aggregate: \u201cfor profit group\u201d and the non profit-making aggregate, it is the world of Civil Economics which buds forth

New perspectives in inter-company relations, social responsibility, (CSR) and social, ethical and environmental accounting in Italy by way of the government CSR-SC project: theory and praxis

The relations between profit-making businesses alter in the sense that the common \u201ctraining process\u201d means a progressive business culture alignment initially as an attempt, whose final result is difficult to foresee at the outset, to a change in anthropological culture, too (Catturi, 2001). Indeed, we are not dealing with a question of applying or not a generalised or random social responsibility, whose image in the businesses, who do apply it, greatly improves, instead it is a question of having also only some businesses, who may belong to certain projects (Baldarelli, 2005a), where, by means of applying social responsibility, the anthropological culture is altered. This signifies a wider openness towards dialogue with all other typologies of business, profit-making ones, non profit-making ones, both public and private ones, in order to be a symbol of real dialogue which is capable of both creating wealth and improving the quality of life . The applying of CSR is not enough, as was stated at the time but the authentic application is needed, as well as the capacity for dialogue with other types of bodies which are far from the thinking behind CSR! It is interesting to think in this way while considering the mixed aggregates of profit- and non profit-making businesses. The former are very often convinced of being able to do without the latter, but really they have always been there and have anticipated the present capitalistic era. Mixed-type aggregates of both businesses are created today, because, Alas!, they seem not to be able to do without one another, so what does profit have to do with all this? The term mixed indicates the intensity of relationships that intertwine both types of company and also for those relationships that there are between the profit-making aggregate: \u201cfor profit group\u201d and the non profit-making aggregate, it is the world of Civil Economics which buds forth

Finanza Etica

La voce Finanza etica descrive il significato e l'importanza scientifica ed operativa di tale tipologia di attivit\ue0 a sostegno dell'economia civil

The study of Italian public companies on the basis of their profiles: Causes of statement and effects of aptitude

In the first part or the article we want to talk about general aspects concerning the analysis of profiles of public companies. We will proceed by way of consecutive approximation (Zappa, 1956, p. 12.) in such a way that we may better interpret the figures translating them into economic trends that mirror the situation in such companies and stopping, on the one hand, on the general lines that characterise those single situations analysed. In the second part of the article we analyse the effects of aptitude concerning the analysis of profiles of public companies. We will proceed to present a case studied at The University of Bologna about the identity chart of Rimini's public companies. The analysis of the profiles allows the company to make its decisions more in conformity with reaching its balance (Amaduzzi, 1988, p. 4) and they must be considered as trying to coordinate them both from the temporal, as well as from the spatial point of view

L'Impatto degli IAS/IFRS su misurazione e valutazioni: riflessioni teoriche

Il lavoro analizza alcuni aspetti teorici che sottendono la logica di misurazione e valutazione relativa all'applicazione degli standard internazionali nelle imprese italiane quotate in Borsa. Il metodo di analisi \ue8 deduttivo

TERRITORY ENTITIES PROCESS TO IMPLEMENT SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING: SOME DRIVERS AND ACTIONS IN THEORY AND PRAXIS

Social and environmental accounting research (SEAR) is an important current of research, that involves relations in society and social, environment and economic systems (Adams, Gray, Owen, 2014). Its orientation had been directed towards studying processes and instruments to account and to disclose to stakeholders and others. About the contribution of SEAR to the emancipatory change, Gray (1993: 21) reminded us of the importance of accounting for the construction of social reality and the need for a cultural change to drive to a better world. We accepted the provocations that one of the founders of SEAR wrote: \u201cIf the business and accounting environmental agenda are the only games in town, one can choose to play o not to play\u201d (Gray, 1993: 305) and again...\u201cBut such incremental change will mean little without fundamental systemic change. Only a complete change of paradigm is likely to allow humanity to become part of \u201cenvironment\u201d rather than its exploiter\u201d (Gray, 1993: 307). We are going to move to the analysis using (neo) institutional theory, that just at this moment has been used to better understand organizations and enterprises\u2019 behaviour. Therefore there is an open area of research about the use of (neo) institutional theory for the analysis of networks that arise inside of a territory. This analysis is related to the mechanisms that interact inside of territorial networks that have an interesting impact on developing and spreading SEAR culture too