87 research outputs found

    Product Wave Function Renormalization Group: construction from the matrix product point of view

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    We present a construction of a matrix product state (MPS) that approximates the largest-eigenvalue eigenvector of a transfer matrix T, for the purpose of rapidly performing the infinite system density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method applied to two-dimensional classical lattice models. We use the fact that the largest-eigenvalue eigenvector of T can be approximated by a state vector created from the upper or lower half of a finite size cluster. Decomposition of the obtained state vector into the MPS gives a way of extending the MPS, at the system size increment process in the infinite system DMRG algorithm. As a result, we successfully give the physical interpretation of the product wave function renormalization group (PWFRG) method, and obtain its appropriate initial condition.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

    Strangeness dynamics in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collision

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    We investigate hadron production as well as transverse hadron spectra in nucleus-nucleus collisions from 2 AA\cdotGeV to 21.3 AA\cdotTeV within two independent transport approaches (UrQMD and HSD) that are based on quark, diquark, string and hadronic degrees of freedom. The comparison to experimental data demonstrates that both approaches agree quite well with each other and with the experimental data on hadron production. The enhancement of pion production in central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions relative to scaled pppp collisions (the 'kink') is well described by both approaches without involving any phase transition. However, the maximum in the K+/π+K^+/\pi^+ ratio at 20 to 30 A\cdotGeV (the 'horn') is missed by \sim 40%. A comparison to the transverse mass spectra from pppp and C+C (or Si+Si) reactions shows the reliability of the transport models for light systems. For central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions at bombarding energies above \sim 5 A\cdotGeV, however, the measured K±K^{\pm} mTm_{T}-spectra have a larger inverse slope parameter than expected from the calculations. The approximately constant slope of K±K^\pm spectra at SPS (the 'step') is not reproduced either. Thus the pressure generated by hadronic interactions in the transport models above \sim 5 A\cdotGeV is lower than observed in the experimental data. This finding suggests that the additional pressure - as expected from lattice QCD calculations at finite quark chemical potential and temperature - might be generated by strong interactions in the early pre-hadronic/partonic phase of central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, Invited talk presented by H. Stocker at ERICE-2003 (Sep. 2003, Erice, Italy), to be published in Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 52 (2004

    Heavy Flavour Production at Tevatron and Parton Shower Effects

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    We present hadron-level predictions from the Monte Carlo generator Cascade and numerical calculations of charm and beauty production at the Fermilab Tevatron within the framework of the kTk_T-factorization QCD approach. Our consideration is based on the CCFM-evolved unintegrated gluon densities in a proton. The performed analysis covers the total and differential cross sections of open charm and beauty quarks, BB and DD mesons (or rather muons from their semileptonic decays) and the total and differential cross sections of bbˉb \bar b di-jet hadroproduction. We study the theoretical uncertainties of our calculations and investigate the effects coming from parton showers in initial and final states. Our predictions are compared with the recent experimental data taken by the D0 and CDF collaborations. Special attention is put on the specific angular correlations between the final-state particles. We demonstrate that the final state parton shower plays a crucial role in the description of such observables. The decorrelated part of angular separations can be fully described, if the process gggggg^*\rightarrow gg is included.Comment: Fig 8,9 10 replaced, small corrections in text A discussion of the delta phi results is adde

    Restricting quark matter models by gravitational wave observation

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    We consider the possibilities for obtaining information about the equation of state for quark matter by using future direct observational data on gravitational waves. We study the nonradial oscillations of both fluid and spacetime modes of pure quark stars. If we observe the ff and the lowest wIIw_{\rm II} modes from quark stars, by using the simultaneously obtained radiation radius we can constrain the bag constant BB with reasonable accuracy, independently of the ss quark mass.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.

    Centrality and sNNDependenceofthe\sqrt{s_{NN}} Dependence of the dE_{T}/d\etaand and dN_{ch}/d\eta$ in Heavy Ion Collisions at Mid-Rapidity

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    The PHENIX experiment at RHIC has measured transverse energy and charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity in Au + Au collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 19.6, 130, 62.4 and 200 GeV as a function of centrality. The presented results are compared to measurements from other RHIC experiments, and experiments at lower energies. The sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} dependence of dET/dηdE_{T}/d\eta and dNch/dηdN_{ch}/d\eta per pair of participants is consistent with logarithmic scaling for the most central events. The centrality dependence of dET/dηdE_{T}/d\eta and dNch/dηdN_{ch}/d\eta is similar at all measured incident energies. At RHIC energies the ratio of transverse energy per charged particle was found independent of centrality and growing slowly with sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}}. A survey of comparisons between the data and available theoretical models is also presented.Comment: Proccedings of the Workshop: Focus on Multiplcity at Bari, Italy, June 17-19,2004. To be submitted to the Jornal of Physics, "Conference series". Includes: 20 Pages, 15 figures, 3 Tables, 80 Referencie

    Photoproduction of D±D^{*\pm} mesons associated with a leading neutron

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    The photoproduction of D±(2010)D^{*\pm} (2010) mesons associated with a leading neutron has been observed with the ZEUS detector in epep collisions at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 80 pb1^{-1}. The neutron carries a large fraction, {xL>0.2x_L>0.2}, of the incoming proton beam energy and is detected at very small production angles, {θn<0.8\theta_n<0.8 mrad}, an indication of peripheral scattering. The DD^* meson is centrally produced with pseudorapidity {η1.9|\eta| 1.9 GeV}, which is large compared to the average transverse momentum of the neutron of 0.22 GeV. The ratio of neutron-tagged to inclusive DD^* production is 8.85±0.93(stat.)0.61+0.48(syst.)%8.85\pm 0.93({\rm stat.})^{+0.48}_{-0.61}({\rm syst.})\% in the photon-proton center-of-mass energy range {130<W<280130 <W<280 GeV}. The data suggest that the presence of a hard scale enhances the fraction of events with a leading neutron in the final state.Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

    Hadronization in Z0 decay

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    The confinement transition from the quark and gluon degrees of freedom appropriate in perturbation theory to the hadrons observed by real world experiments is poorly understood. In this strongly interacting transition regime we presently rely on models, which to varying degrees reflect possible scenarios for the QCD dynamics. Because of the absence of beam and target remnants, and the clean experimental conditions and high event rates, e+e- annihilation to hadrons at the Z0 provides a unique laboratory, both experimentally and theoretically, for the study of parton hadronization. This review discusses current theoretical understanding of the hadronization of partons, with particular emphasis on models of the non-perturbative phase, as implemented in Monte Carlo simulation programs. Experimental results at LEP and SLC are summarised and considered in the light of the models. Suggestions are given for further measurements which could help to produce more progress in understanding hadronization.Comment: Topical review, to appear in J.Phys.G, 80 page

    HERA Collider Physics

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    HERA, the first electron-proton collider, has been delivering luminosity since 1992. It is the natural extension of an impressive series of fixed-target lepton-nucleon scattering experiments. The increase of a factor ten in center-of-mass energy over that available for fixed-target experiments has allowed the discovery of several important results, such as the large number of slow partons in the proton, and the sizeable diffractive cross section at large Q2Q^2. Recent data point to a possible deviation from Standard Model expectations at very high Q2Q^2, highlighting the physics potential of HERA for new effects. The HERA program is currently in a transition period. The first six years of data taking have primarily elucidated the structure of the proton, allowed detailed QCD studies and had a strong impact on the understanding of QCD dynamics. The coming years will bring the era of electroweak studies and high Q2Q^2 measurements. This is therefore an appropriate juncture at which to review HERA results.Comment: 351 pages, 154 figures, submitted to Reviews of Modern Physic
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