FATTY ACIDS CONTENT IN UNGURAHUA OIL (OENOCARPUS BATAUA) FROM ECUADOR. FINDINGS ON ADULTERATION OF UNGURAHUA OIL IN ECUADOR

 Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acids composition in an ungurahua seeds oil (Oenocarpus bataua) sample cultivated in Ecuador and to determine eventual adulteration in the composition of commercial ungurahua oil.Methods: Oil was obtained from ungurahua seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was performed using the gas chromatography (GC) method with a mass selective detector and using the database library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from ungurahua (O. bataua) using the GC mass spectrometer analytical method. Ungurahua oil presented a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids with 82.03% of oleic acids. A fraud in the composition of fatty acids present in commercial ungurahua oil was found as fatty acids had a value of only 36.77% of oleic acids. The content of linoleic acid can be used to determine adulteration of this oil.Conclusions: Ungurahua seeds are a good source of monounsaturated and fatty acids. The content of oleic acid is higher than in olive oil. Ungurahua can help reducing cardiovascular diseases risk in Ecuador due to its good composition of monounsaturated fatty acids. Ungurahua oil is a good option to be used in the food industry for different uses

CONTENT OF FATTY ACIDS IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) OIL FROM ECUADOR

  Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the fatty acids content in corn seeds oil (Zea mays) sample cultivated in Ecuador.Methods: Corn oil was obtained from corn oil seeds using the cold pressing method. Methyl esters fatty acids analysis were carried out using the gas chromatography (GC) method with a mass selective detector and using the database library NIST 14.L to identify the compounds present in the corn seed oil.Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from corn (Z. mays) seeds using the GC mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analytical method. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters on a capillary column DB-WAX 122-7062 with a good separation of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and linolenic acid. The structure of methyl esters fatty acids was determined using the GS-MS method. Corn oil has a high content of linoleic acid (omega 6) with a value of 52.68% of the total content of fatty acids in corn oil and 29.70% of oleic acid (omega 9) of the total content of fatty acids in corn oil. The sample presented a value of 12.57% of palmitic acid.Conclusions: Corn oil shows a good content of fatty acids omega 6 and 9. The higher value was of omega 6 with 52.68% content. Corn oil has a good proportion of polyunsaturated of lipids (53.80%) and 14.86% of saturated lipids

CONTENT OF NUTRIENTS COMPONENT AND FATTY ACIDS IN CHIA SEEDS (SALVIA HISPANICA L.) CULTIVATED IN ECUADOR

 Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the fatty acids content in chia seeds oil (Salvia hispánica L.) sample cultivated in Ecuador.Methods: Chia oil was obtained from chia seeds using the cold pressing method. Methyl esters fatty acids (FAME) analysis was carried out using the gas chromatography (GC) method with a mass selective detector (MSD) and using the database Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds present in the oil of chia seed.Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds using the GC–mass spectrometer (GS–MS) analytical method. The total protein, lipid, and fiber content of chia seeds of plants cultivated in Ecuador was of 19.78, 16.06, and 27.88%, respectively, of the total content on fresh weight. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters on a capillary column DB-WAX 122-7062 with a good separation of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and linolenic acid. The structure of FAME was determined using the GS-MS. Chia oil high content of linolenic acid (omega 3) with a value of 54.08% the total content of fatty acids in chia oil. Omega 6 content was of 18.69% and omega 9 content was of 10.24% the total content of fatty acids in chia oil.Conclusions: Chia oil has a good content of fatty acids omega 3, 6, and 9. The higher value was of omega 3 with 54.08%. Omega 3 is recommended to the prevention of risk cardiovascular

FATTY ACIDS CONTENT OF KAHAI (CARYODENDRON ORINOCENSE KARST) SEEDS CULTIVATED IN AMAZONIAN OF ECUADOR

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify fatty acids present in a kahai oil sample cultivated in the Amazonian area of Ecuador.Methods: Kahai oil was obtained from kahai seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the gas chromatography with a mass selective detector and using the database Library NIST 14.L to identify the compounds.Results: Kahai seeds have 62.36% of total lipids. Kahai seeds have a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids with 68.04% of linoleic acid and 2.90% of linolenic acid. Kahai oil has 18.59% of monounsaturated fatty acids of oleic acid. Kahai oil only has 7.0% of palmitic acid and 3.47% of stearic acid.Conclusions: Kahai oil is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 6 and has a good proportion of monounsaturated fatty acid omega 9. This oil can be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical and functional foods for their composition of fatty acids. Kahai oil can be an alternative of crop to indigenous communities in the Amazonian area of Ecuador

IDENTIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN SACHA INCHI OIL (CURSIVE PLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS L.) FROM ECUADOR

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify fatty acids in a sacha inchi oil sample.Methods: Sacha inchi oil was obtained of sacha inchi seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the gas chromatography with a mass selective detector and using the database Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: Sacha inchi seeds have a high content of unsaturated fatty acids with 34.98% of ɷ6 α- Linoleic and 47.04% of ɷ3 α- Linolenic. Sacha inchi seeds only have 3.98% of palmitic acid.Conclusions: Sacha inchi seed is a good source of fatty acids ɷ3 and ɷ6, being ɷ3 and ɷ6 in a good proportion. Sacha inchi oil can be used to elaborate functional foods

Herd-level risk factors associated with Leptospira Hardjo seroprevalence in Beef/Suckler herds in the Republic of Ireland

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of the present study was to investigate risk factors for herd seropositivity to <it>Leptospira </it>Hardjo in Irish suckler herds. Herds were considered eligible for the study if they were unvaccinated and contained ≥ 9 breeding animals of beef breed which were ≥ 12 months of age. The country was divided into six regions using county boundaries. Herd and individual animal prevalence data were available from the results of a concurrent seroprevalence study. Herds were classified as either "Free from Infection" or "Infected" based on a minimum expected 40% within-herd prevalence.</p> <p>Questionnaires were posted to 320 farmers chosen randomly from 6 regions, encompassing 25 counties, of the Republic of Ireland. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information about vaccination; reproductive disease; breeding herd details; the presence of recognized risk factors from previous studies; and husbandry on each farm. Data collected from 128 eligible herds were subjected to statistical analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Following the use of Pearson's Chi-Square Test, those variables associated with a herd being "infected" with a significance level of P < 0.2 were considered as candidates for multivariable logistic regression modelling. Breeding herd size was found to be a statistically significant risk factor after multivariable logistic regression. The odds of a herd being positive for leptospiral infection were 5.47 times higher (P = 0.032) in herds with 14 to 23 breeding animals compared with herds with ≤ 13 breeding animals, adjusting for Region, and 7.08 times higher (P = 0.033) in herds with 32.6 to 142 breeding animals.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Breeding herd size was identified as a significant risk factor for leptospiral infection in Irish suckler herds, which was similar to findings of previous studies of leptospirosis in dairy herds.</p

Production of Lambda(+)(c) baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum (P-T) spectra of inclusively produced A c P baryons are measured via the exclusive decay channel Lambda(+)(c) -> pK(-)pi(+) using the CMS detector at the LHC. Spectra are measured as a function of transverse momentum in proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a nucleonnucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02TeV. The measurement is performed within the Lambda(+)(c) rapidity interval vertical bar Y vertical bar <1 in the p(T) range of 5-20GeV/c in pp and 10-20GeV/c in PbPb collisions. The observed yields of Lambda(+)(c) for p(T) of 10-20 GeV/c suggest a suppression in central PbPb collisions compared to pp collisions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The Lambda(+)(c)/D-0 production ratio in pp collisions is compared to theoretical models. In PbPb collisions, this ratio is consistent with the result from pp collisions in their common p-r range. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Production of Λ⁺_c baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at √s_(NN) = 5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum (p_T) spectra of inclusively produced Λ⁺_c baryons are measured via the exclusive decay channel Λ⁺_c →p K⁻π⁺ using the CMS detector at the LHC. Spectra are measured as a function of transverse momentum in proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The measurement is performed within the Λ⁺_c rapidity interval |y|<1 in the p_T range of 5–20GeV/c in pp and 10–20GeV/c in PbPb collisions. The observed yields of Λ⁺_c for p_T of 10–20GeV/c suggest a suppression in central PbPb collisions compared to pp collisions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The Λ⁺_c D0 production ratio in pp collisions is compared to theoretical models. In PbPb collisions, this ratio is consistent with the result from pp collisions in their common p_T range