Sobrevivência e obtenção de mutantes induzidos por agentes mutagênicos em Metarhizium anisopliae

Uma linhagem selvagem do fungo entomopatogênico Metarhizium anisopliae foi submetida à ação de três agentes mutagênicos: radiação gama, luz ultravioleta e ácido nitroso. Curvas de sobrevivência foram obtidas para cada mutagênicos utilizado e mutantes foram selecionados a partir de doses dos mutagênicos que proporcionassem de 1 a 5% de sobrevivência. Mutantes morfológicos para a coloração de conídios e mutantes auxotróficos foram isolados. Mutantes para coloração de conidios foram agrupados em duas classes, uma com conídios amarelos e outra com conídios vinho pálido. Os mutantes auxotróficos obtidos foram deficientes para aminoácidos e vitaminas e mais de 58% deles eram auxotróficos para prolina/argmina. Radiação gama foi o mutagênico mais eficiente com uma porcentagem de obtenção de mulantes auxotróficos de aproximadamente 0,2%, seguido pela luz ultravioleta (0.12%) e pelo ácido nitroso (0.06%).Os mulantes morfológicos e auxotróficos obtidos até o momento em Metarhizium anisopliae foram revistos.A wild strain of Metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus, was submitted to three mutagenic agents: gamma radiation, ultraviolet light and nitrous acid. Survival curves were obtained and mutants were selected using different mutagenic doses which gave 1 to 5% survival. Morphological and auxotrophic mutants were isolated. Morphological mutants were grouped in a class with yellow conidia and other with pale vinaceous conidia as opposed to the green wild type conidia. Auxotrophic mutants had requirements for vitamin and aminoacid biosynthesis. More than 58% of the total auxotrophk mutants required proline/aipnine. Gamma radiation showed to be the most efficient mutagenic agent giving 0.2% of auxotrophk mutants followed by ultraviolet light (0.12%) and nitrous acid (0.06%).The conidial colour and auxotrophk mutants isolated until now from M. anisopliae were reviewed

Tentativa de suicídio e fatores associados ao padrão de uso e abuso do álcool

Objetivo: el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo relacionar el patrón de uso abusivo y problemas relacionados con el alcohol entre pacientes que intentaron suicidarse en Recife en 2015. Método: este es un estudio transversal, prospectivo, del tipo descriptivo, epidemiológico de abordaje cuantitativo en el municipio de Recife-PE, realizado en las residencias de los pacientes que intentaron suicidio, con nombres em notificaciones obligatorias, enviadas para Vigilancia de Atención a Enfermedad no Transmisibles de la Secretaría Municipal de Recife. Para coletar los datos, se aplicó la prueba AUDIT, por entrevistas, organizando los datos en el programa EPI-7 y analizando en el programa SPSS®, versión 21.0. Resultados: se presentó una prevalencia mayor en mujeres jóvenes, con edad media de 38 años, con 1 grado de escolaridad, pardas, solteras, desempleadas y pertecentes a la clase social C. En la prueba AUDIT 41,4% de los entrevistados se encuentran en la zona I, necesitando asesoramiento a los riesgos del consumo de alcohol y 24,1% de los pacientes que beben. Conclusion: los comportamientos suicidas se acentuan con el uso abusivo del alcohol y deben ser encarados por los equipos de salud con seriedad y compromiso, pues las consecuencias de esas complicaciones se vuelven más difíciles cuando descuidadas.Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar o padrão de uso, abuso e problemas relacionados ao álcool entre os pacientes que tentaram suicídio em Recife no ano de 2015. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, prospectivo, do tipo descritivo, epidemiológico, de abordagem quantitativa, no município do Recife-PE, realizado nas residências dos pacientes que tentaram suicídio e cujo nome consta em notificações compulsórias enviadas para a Vigilância de Atenção a Doenças não Transmissíveis da Secretaria Municipal do Recife. Para a coleta dos dados, aplicou-se o teste AUDIT, por meio de entrevistas, sendo esses dados organizados com o programa EPI-7 e analisados no programa SPSS®, versão 21.0. Resultados: apresentou-se uma prevalência maior em mulheres jovens, com idade média de 38 anos, com 1º grau de escolaridade, cor parda, solteiras, desempregadas e pertencentes à classe social C. No teste AUDIT, 41,4% dos entrevistados encontram-se na zona I, necessitando de aconselhamento aos riscos do consumo de álcool, e 24,1% dos pacientes bebem. Conclusão: os comportamentos suicidas acentuam-se com o uso abusivo do álcool e, por isso, devem ser encarados pelas equipes de saúde com seriedade, respeito e compromisso, pois os agravos e as consequências dessas complicações se tornam ainda mais difíceis quando negligenciados.Objective: the present study aimed to relate the pattern of abuse and alcohol-related problems among patients who attempted suicide in Recife in the year 2015. Method: this is a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive, epidemiological type of quantitative approach in the municipality of Recife-PE, carried out in the residences of patients who attempted suicide and whose name appears in compulsory notifications, sent to noncommunicable surveillance of the Municipal Secretariat of Recife. For the data collection, the AUDIT test was applied through interviews, having these data organized with the EPI-7 program and analyzed in the SPSS® program, version 21.0. Results: a higher prevalence was found in young women, with a mean age of 38 years, with a first degree of education, brown, single, unemployed and social class C. In the AUDIT test 41.4% of the interviewees are in the area I, requiring advice on the risks of alcohol consumption and 24.1% of patients who drink. Conclusion: suicidal behaviors are accentuated by the abusive and continuous use of alcohol and therefore should be viewed seriously by the health teams as serious, respectful and committed, as the aggravations and consequences of these complications become even more difficult when neglected

Towards operational modeling and forecasting of the Iberian shelves ecosystem

There is a growing interest on physical and biogeochemical oceanic hindcasts and forecasts from a wide range of users and businesses. In this contribution we present an operational biogeochemical forecast system for the Portuguese and Galician oceanographic regions, where atmospheric, hydrodynamic and biogeochemical variables are integrated. The ocean model ROMS, with a horizontal resolution of 3 km, is forced by the atmospheric model WRF and includes a Nutrients-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus biogeochemical module (NPZD). In addition to oceanographic variables, the system predicts the concentration of nitrate, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus (mmol N m(-3)). Model results are compared against radar currents and remote sensed SST and chlorophyll. Quantitative skill assessment during a summer upwelling period shows that our modelling system adequately represents the surface circulation over the shelf including the observed spatial variability and trends of temperature and chlorophyll concentration. Additionally, the skill assessment also shows some deficiencies like the overestimation of upwelling circulation and consequently, of the duration and intensity of the phytoplankton blooms. These and other departures from the observations are discussed, their origins identified and future improvements suggested. The forecast system is the first of its kind in the region and provides free online distribution of model input and output, as well as comparisons of model results with satellite imagery for qualitative operational assessment of model skill.publishe

A survey of performance enhancement of transmission control protocol (TCP) in wireless ad hoc networks

This Article is provided by the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund - Copyright @ 2011 Springer OpenTransmission control protocol (TCP), which provides reliable end-to-end data delivery, performs well in traditional wired network environments, while in wireless ad hoc networks, it does not perform well. Compared to wired networks, wireless ad hoc networks have some specific characteristics such as node mobility and a shared medium. Owing to these specific characteristics of wireless ad hoc networks, TCP faces particular problems with, for example, route failure, channel contention and high bit error rates. These factors are responsible for the performance degradation of TCP in wireless ad hoc networks. The research community has produced a wide range of proposals to improve the performance of TCP in wireless ad hoc networks. This article presents a survey of these proposals (approaches). A classification of TCP improvement proposals for wireless ad hoc networks is presented, which makes it easy to compare the proposals falling under the same category. Tables which summarize the approaches for quick overview are provided. Possible directions for further improvements in this area are suggested in the conclusions. The aim of the article is to enable the reader to quickly acquire an overview of the state of TCP in wireless ad hoc networks.This study is partly funded by Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Pakistan, and the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan

Management and valorisation of wastes through use in producing alkali-activated cement materials

There is a growing global interest in maximising the re-use and recycling of waste, to minimise the environmental impacts associated with waste treatment and disposal. Use of high-volume wastes in the production of blended or novel cements (including alkali-activated cements) is well known as a key pathway by which these wastes can be re-used. This paper presents a critical overview of the urban, agricultural, mining and industrial wastes that have been identified as potential precursors for the production of alkali-activated cement materials, or that can be effectively stabilised/solidified via alkali activation, to assure their safe disposal. The central aim of this review is to elucidate the potential advantages and pitfalls associated with the application of alkali-activation technology to a wide variety of wastes that have been claimed to be suitable for the production of construction materials. A brief overview of the generation and characteristics of each waste is reported, accompanied by identification of opportunities for the use of alkali-activation technology for their valorisation and/or management

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA CLASSIFICAÇÃO ASA NOS DESFECHOS CIRÚRGICOS: UM ARTIGO DE REVISÃO

This article aims to carry out a review of the current medical literature on the relationship The classification of physical status made by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA classification) aims to categorize the surgical risk that the patient will be subject to according to his clinical status.  There are studies that associate the ASA classification with postoperative complications and morbidity and mortality, while others state that this parameter is not so adequate. This article aims to analyze other literature and define how to use the ASA classification to measure favorable surgical outcomes. To this end, the authors conducted a systematic review of studies indexed in the PubMed database, using descriptors related to the theme proposed in this study. The articles were carefully selected, aiming at the veracity and reliability of this work. The selected studies addressed both favorable and unfavorable characteristics of the ASA classification and its use. Thus, several studies have proven the effectiveness of the score and it can be used in conjunction with the collection of a good history. However, there are specific procedures that do not benefit as much from classification and, therefore, other tools to assist in the screening of high-risk patients can be used.A classificação do estado físico feita pela Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (classificação ASA) visa categorizar o risco cirúrgico que o doente estará sujeito mediante seu estado clínico.  Há estudos que associam a classificação ASA com complicações pós-operatórias e morbimortalidade, enquanto outros afirmam que esse parâmetro não é tão adequado. O presente artigo busca analisar outras literaturas e definir como utilizar a classificação ASA para mensurar os desfechos cirúrgicos favoráveis. Para tanto, os autores realizaram uma revisão sistemática de trabalhos indexados na base de dados PubMed,  utilizando  descritores  relacionados  ao  tema  proposto  neste estudo.  Os  artigos foram  selecionados  de  forma  criteriosa,  almejando  a  veracidade  e  confiabilidade  deste trabalho. Os estudos selecionados abordaram tanto características favoráveis quanto desfavoráveis da classificação ASA e da sua utilização. Dessa forma, diversos estudos comprovaram a eficácia do escore e ele pode ser usado em conjunto com a coleta de uma boa história. Entretanto há procedimentos específicos que não se beneficiam tanto da classificação e, portanto, outras ferramentas de auxílio na triagem de pacientes de alto risco podem ser utilizadas.&nbsp

Petiole and leaf blade analyses as nutritional status indicators of 'solo' and 'formosa' papaya trees

The absence of a literature consensus about parts of leaves, blade or petiole which would be most indicative of the nutritional status of papaya trees, has hindered the use of foliar analysis as a diagnosis tool for this crop. An experiment was carried out to compare the nutricional status evaluated using blades and petioles of 'solo' and 'formosa' papaya groups. A completely randomized block design was used to test six varieties, three of each group. Leaves were sampled every three months in five occasions. Recently matured leaves were separated in petioles and blades for the evaluation of N, NO3-, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations. These concentrations were compared to those reported in the literature for this crop. The nutritional status diagnosis of the papaya plants, when made by means of blade or petiole leaves, led to different diagnoses showing the need of the definition of a single pattern. Blade has shown to be more effective than petiole for the diagnosis of the nutritional status, better differentiating the papaya tree varieties in relation to N, P, K and Cl, and not differing in relation to the other nutrients. It is here recommended to use the blade as indicator of the nutritional status of papaya plants.A ausência de um consenso na literatura sobre qual parte da folha, limbo ou pecíolo, seria a mais indicada para avaliação do estado nutricional do mamoeiro, dificulta o uso da análise foliar como ferramenta de diagnose para a cultura. Assim, foi conduzido um experimento para comparar a diagnose do estado nutricional efetuada pela análise do limbo e do pecíolo foliar de mamoeiros pertencentes aos grupos 'Solo' e 'Formosa'. Foi adotado o delineamento em blocos casualizados para avaliar seis variedades de mamoeiros, três de cada grupo. Foram retiradas amostras foliares em cinco épocas, a cada três meses. A folha recém-madura foi dividida em limbo e pecíolo, onde foram determinados os teores de N, NO3-, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Fe, Mn e Zn. Estes teores foram comparados com os citados na literatura como adequados para a cultura. A diagnose do estado nutricional do mamoeiro quando efetuada por meio da análise do limbo ou do pecíolo foliar levou a diferentes diagnósticos mostrando a necessidade de definição de um único padrão. A análise do limbo foliar mostrou-se mais efetiva que a do pecíolo para diagnosticar o estado nutricional, diferenciando melhor as variedades de mamoeiro, em relação a N, P, K e Cl, não diferindo em relação aos demais nutrientes. Sendo assim, o limbo foliar deve ser utilizado como indicador do estado nutricional do mamoeiro